greek explorer
Charles Albanel (1616-1696) was a French 
missionary explorer in Canada,and Jesuit 
priest. In 1649, he arrived in Canada, 
at Tadoussac, At the time when the Hudson's 
Bay Company was beginning operations, he was
 a leader of a French party that went by the 
Saguenay River, Mistassini Lake, and the Rupert
 River to Hudson Bay claiming the region for
 France. On another journey there he was 
captured in 1674 by the English and taken 
to England. After returning in 1676 to Canada,
 he served at missions in western Canada and 
died at Sault Saint Marie.


      THE DIFFICULTIES
 Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (1872--1928)
 was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions who 
led the expedition in 1911--1912 which first 
reached the South Pole. Amundsen, along with 
Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel,
 and Oscar Wisting, arrived at the Pole on 
December 14, 1911, 35 days before the rival
 expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott of 
the United Kingdom. As neither expedition 
carried the very bulky wireless telegraphy 
equipment which would then have been the only
 way to communicate directly from the Pole, 
Amundsen's success was not publicly announced
 until March 7, 1912. Amundsen recounted his 
journey in the book The South Pole: An Account
 of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the 
"Fram", 1910--1912. 

Amundsen also led the first expedition to traverse
\ the Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and 
Pacific Oceans, with 6 others in the ship Gj�a 
(or Gj�a). In 1903 they traveled via Baffin Bay,
 Lancaster and Peel Sounds, and James Ross and 
Rae Straits to spend two winters exploring over 
land and ice from the place today called Gjoa 
Haven, Nunavut, Canada. Continuing to the south 
of Victoria Island, the ship cleared the Arctic 
Archipelago on August 17, 1905, but had to stop
 for the winter before going on to Nome on the 
Alaska Territory's Pacific coast. 500 miles 
(800 km) away, Eagle City, Alaska, had a telegraph 
station; Amundsen traveled there (and back) overland 
to wire a success message (collect) on December 5,
 1905. Nome was reached in 1906. Due to water as 
shallow as 3 feet (1 m), a larger ship could never
 have used the route


      The results
Andrews was primarily a naturalist and an organizer 
of expeditions. His life was a long series of travels
 and explorations of desert islands, raging seas, 
remote mountains and deserts. Numerous encounters 
are reported with everything from angry whales and
 hungry sharks, to pythons and several brushes with
 armed Chinese bandits. He was erroneously reported
 dead at least once.Andrews was married in 1914 and 
divorced in 1930. He had two sons. 
Andrews is said to have been one of 
the models for movie legend Indiana Jones, 
and was a graduate of Beloit College, in 
the town of Beloit, Wisconsin where he was
 born.
Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio and 
served in the Korean War as a jet fighter 
pilot. He attended Purdue University, where
 he was a member of a fraternity, Phi Delta 
Theta, and received a Bachelor of Science
 degree in Aeronautical Engineering in 1955.
 Armstrong then became a civilian test pilot
 for NASA and piloted the 4,000 mi/h 
(6,400 km/h) X-15 rocket plane. Armstrong
 was selected by NASA as an astronaut in 1962.
 

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