GC_ET_AFX_NeScaf.html
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2018-02-06 11:18:35

2021-01-06   11:55:49
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   (Home)

*** The GOOD News about SCAF ***



*** New England QRP  Switched Capacitor Audio Filter  *** 
 
NeScaf_image-1.jpg
 

The SCAF chip contains two analog filter circuits on a cmos chip,  and supporting transistors.  
It is a Switched Filter, with inherent base-band noise. 

Here it is configured as Low-Pass, followed by a LM386 audio amp.  
Here, Apparent Band-Pass Narrow Band-Width is aprox. 250 Hz.  
Here, the Apparent Narrow f(center) is aprox. 550Hz.   

aimg-SCAF_NEScaf-Response.gif 
aimg-SCAF_NEScaf-schematic.jpg

There are other variations on the use of the family of SCAF chips. 
  NeScaf_image-2.jpg  NeScaf_image-3.jpg  
  

Quoted from "The New England QRP Club" descripton of their NeScaf project:

The integrated circuit at the heart of the NESCaf is made up of two CMOS active filters.
These filters are extremely configurable (low pass, band pass, notch etc).
We have chosen to set up both filters as Butterworth band pass filters and to cascade the filters.
Butterworth filters have the characteristic of constant amplitude in the band pass region,
while the cutoff knee is not be as sharp as if the filter were configured as a Chebychev.
We considered this an acceptable tradeoff,
wanting constant volume out regardless of the bandwidth or center frequency setting of the filter.
There are two on-board trimmer pots. One is used to "calibrate" the center frequency pot.
This allows you to adjust the frequency at which the center detent occurs.
If you are using a rig with a transmit offset and sidetone of say, 700 Hz,
you can use this trimmer to make that the center-detent frequency.
The other on-board trimmer adjusts the audio level into the filters output amp.
Using this pot, you can set the overall gain of the filter.
This can be used to set the filter for unity gain, if desired.
This way, the filter could be switched in and out, and still maintain
a comparable volume level in the headphones.
The NEScaf has no panel mounted volume control of its own.
It is designed so that you use the AF volume or RF gain control on the rig it is being used with.

 

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*** And Now 

*** The  Truth  about  SCAF  Noise  !!! ***

*** KC9ON, John Clements, has analyzed the SCAF spectrum ***


 

******* Below, a very NOISEY  SCAF  Filter  
******* Notice the very high noise level at the BW=250 to 300 Hz,  
******* this is the result of the Switching Circuit in the SCAF approach 
*** Remember, CW filters are concerned with narrow PassBand .  
*** Notice the SCAF signals  referenced to  the 0 dB scale !!! 

NESCAFvsCALF_004-AnalogCalf.jpg   

***  Below, a very quiet Analog Quad Filter **
***  similar to the KC9ON "CALF" circuit ***

*** Notice the Analog signals along the 0 dB scale !!!


NESCAFvsCALF_004-SCAF.jpg   

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