APUSH 1998 DBQ Essays KIDS

With the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists they were completely different. The characterizations of these two parties were put into different political, economic, and religious standings.

The Jeffersonian Republicans felt everything should be on a tight system. In 1800 Jefferson said if it is not in the Constitution we are not going to practice it. He also stated that just one single government should not control our country. While Madison and his party wanted to be loose and if something was not in the Constitution they were willing to work around it. They wanted the strong central government to protect the lives and estates of the wealthy. In 1798 the Federalists wanted to get rid of Jefferson’s Sedition Act. They thought that the Republicans would try to use the Act against them.

The two parties expressed their different views economically also. The Federalist wanted a high tariff while the Republicans wanted a low tariff. The Federalist wanted a high tariff because they had the money to pay for the goods while the Republicans could not afford the goods that would be coming in. Jefferson believed in agriculture because it was essentially ennobling and it kept people away from wicked cities. With Jefferson believing in the farmers Madison believed in merchants, manufacture, and shippers. The Federalist was in love with the National Debt. They thought if funded the economy. The Republicans thought it was a bane and made the economy rigid.

Lastly, the two parties had a major conflict in their religious views. Jefferson wrote in his letter to Samuel Miller in 1808 that the Constitution and the President had no right to direct religious exercises. He also said, that it had no power to prescribe or to assume authority in religious discipline. While Madison wanted his people and everybody else to follow his principles. Madison also thought the Constitution and the President could tell the people how to express themselves religiously.

In conclusion the Republicans and the Federalists had their different views about how this country should be governed. They both had their different political, economic, and religious differences.

Jeffersonian Republicans were usually characterized as strict constructionists who opposed the broad sense of constructionism of the Federalists during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison. The Jeffersonian Republicans believed that the Constitution should be followed exactly as it was written. However, the Federalists would interpret the Constitution in any way to better the nation. This was shown in dealing with the rights of man, interstate internal improvements, and contrasted in dealing with the Louisiana Purchase.

Before Jefferson, John Adams was president. During his presidency he imposed upon the rights of man, when he enforced the Sedition Acts. Sedition Acts were a direct slap at two priceless freedoms guaranteed in the Constitution by the Bill of Rights, freedom of speech and freedom of the press. The law stated that if anyone obstructed the policies of the government or spreaded propaganda about its officials and president, they would be sentenced to a fine and imprisonment. When Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801 he repealed the Sedition Acts and released from prison anyone confined from this, unconstitutional, Act and gave the victims compensation.

Equally important, during the presidency of Madison (1809-1817) the Jeffersonian Republicans who, in spite their differences, usually agreed with the Hamiltonian constructionism on other important problems, disregarded the idea of direct federal support of the interstate internal improvements. Congress voted in 1817 to distribute

$1.5 million to states improvements. But Madison undoubtedly vetoed the bill declaring it unconstitutional. In a letter to Congress vetoing an Internal Improvements Bill he says that he is not unaware of the great im

The Jeffersonian, in contrast to Federalists, were strict constructionists which meant they felt that central authority was evil and feared it would turn into a dictatorship, where as federalists wanted central authority to protect the live and estates of the wealthy, and were so loose with the constitution that if they wanted something done that was not in the constitution a law or bill would be passed to make it so.

Jeffersonian believed that it was neither necessary nor constitutional to have one central authority and government. The federalists wanted all the power to be centered around one central government. On the other hand, the Jeffersonian believed that the power should be concentrated around the independent states of the country. That way all states would have some form of power.

The republicans were with the tariffs because it caused them to make more money. The tariffs were put in place to cause a higher increase for the produce of the market value. The thing about that was the price would go down making if more of a less demanding product. That is where the farmers come in and disagree with the republicans, causing a great ordeal between high tariffs and low tariffs.

The last thing it that if their were any problems with the constitution the federalists would create a bill a law to make what ever they wanted to happen to happen. The Embargo Act was an example of this because Jefferson put it in action because of financial problems and the people just started trading with foreign countries underground. So to right this wrong a bill was passed to make the Embargo act repealed.

The Jeffersonian were represented a strict constructionists because they did not go astray from the constitution. The federalists on the other hand did not mind adding a bill or two to make what they considered right true. So things such as tariffs, power struggles, and manipulation of the constitution are just things that went on in the battle between the two, and still is an ongoing battle today.

In the nineteenth century the Jeffersonian Republicans were characterized as strict constructionist who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the federalist.

During the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison this classification would prove to be precise.

The Jeffersonian Republicans wanted a strict version of the constitution. They wanted to do everything by the book. During Jefferson first term his lifelong interest in the West and in American-French relations prompted his major presidential achievement, the purchase from France of Louisiana-all the western land drained by the Missouri and Mississippi rivers-and the organization of an expedition by William Clark and Meriwether Lewis to explore this territory. Foreign policy during his second term was less successful. Seeking to force the British to respect U.S. neutrality on the high seas during the Napoleonic Wars, he persuaded Congress in 1807 to embargo all trade with Britain-a move that failed to elicit any concessions, devastated the nation's economy for a generation, and alienated New England, which lived by foreign trade.

The Federalist believed in a loose interpretation of the constitution. Madison approved the repeal of the embargo by which Jefferson had tried to avoid war through a ban on trade with the warring European powers. Tensions between the United States and Britain continued, however, and Madison's conduct of foreign policy was increasingly criticized both by the Federalists and by members of his own party. In 1812 Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war against Great Britain. On the day that war was declared (June 18, 1812), the British repealed their trade restrictions (Orders in Council). Because they would not abandon impressment, however, Madison refused to conclude a truce pending formal peace negotiations. Before leaving office he signed a bill for a protective tariff and agreed to the chartering of a national bank. The Embargo Act was repealed by the Non-Intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, which reactivated American commerce with all countries except Great Britain and France. The U.S. also agreed to resume trade with the first belligerent to cease violating neutral rights; neither nation acceded.

Congress adopted in 1810 a bargaining measure known as Macon’s Bill No.2.Between 1801 and 1815 the Federalists held caucuses and conventions, primarily in the New England states, opposing the commercial and diplomatic policies of the Jefferson and Madison administrations. These efforts climaxed in the Hartford Convention of 1814, which because of its apparent sympathy for the idea of secession, left the party tainted with the image of disloyalty. The Federalists were in favor of strong protective tariffs. The Federalist Party wanted good relations with the British Government since they were our major trading partners. The party wanted domestic stability, law and order, a powerful presidency and a powerful judicial branch. They wanted to maintain the hierarchical social structure we had inherited from the British. They were afraid of "democratization" - they distrusted the "common man". They wanted to create an environment good for business. They were not happy with the French Revolution. The Reign of Terror and the XYZ affair made many Federalists take a strong stand against the French.

In conclusion the classification that the Republicans were firm constructionists who were opposite to the broad constructionism of the Federalist, was proved to be true during the nineteenth century.

Throughout the presidencies of these two presidents, the Jeffersonians

wanted a strict interpetation of the constituion, they felt as if the wants of the

American people were not written in the constiution, then the government had no

right to address the issue. They also believed there should be a weak central government,

and a strong state government as far as making laws. The Repulicans also believed if this

country was to be successful we would have to have a numeours amount of farmers, they

believed the nation's well-being was dtermined by the number of farmers we had.

In 1803 the purchase of Lousiana included president Jefferson. He

authorized Robert Livingston and James Monroe to negotiate the purchase

of New Orleans from France. Successfully the men purchased Lousiana for

15 million dollars. Although Jefferson was pleased with the purchase he was

also toubled over the constitutional problem that it raised. Being a Democratic-

Republican he believed in strict constituion, and the Constituion did not

specifically state that the government had the right to purchade foreign territories

Nevertheless convincd that Lousiana was essential to the future development of

the United States, Jefferson urged the Senate to ratify the treaty. In this instance

he supported a broad interpetation of the Constitution.

During Hamiliton's term as being.Secretary of Treasury he sitrred up alot

of controversy due to his proposal of a National Bank. Many people feared the bank

would have to much power and would monopolize the banking business. Jefferson and

his followers maintained that the measure was unconstituional because the Constitution

did not specifically grant congress the power to charter banks. Hamilition contended that

the measure was constituional because Congress had the right to coin money and regulate

its value, to regulate trade, to collect taxes, and to borrow money.

Jefferson believed farmers were the backbone of America, without farmers

how would the nation prosper. Jefferson believed the more farmers our nation had

the greater the nation would be in the future.He feared the growth of indusrty would

threaten republican principles.That's why he opposed Hamiltion's financial program, it

didn't include the farmers in his program as often as it should have according to Jefferson.

James Madison was considered to be the "Father of the Constituion". He was

a Democratic-Republican also, believing in a strict constitution. In 1807 Madison passed

the Embargo act which was aimed to stop all American trade wih foreign ports. In 1812 a

War was declared between the United States and Britian. Due to Madison being a

Republican he believed in a weak central government and but strong state's rights. The

United States Millitary was not prepared for this war, and because of the hostilities of the

foerign trade system the nation lacked money to carry on the War.

The Democratic Repblicans believed that the central government nor any

government had no right to determine a person's religion. They believed the Constitiuiton

prohibits the interferring of religion. Once again the strict interpetation of the Constitution

comes into play.

The Federalist in a issue had a dissareement to the Democratic- Repulican party

stating that if the government has the power now to force army troops to war without

their consent this was becoming more like a dicatorship. The government is now taking

children away form their parents without their agreeing to their draft was this situation

really constitutional?

Throughout the presidenices of these two Presidents the Democratic Repulicans

strongly believed in a strict- constitution, strong states government, and believed that

the farmers were the backbone of America. The Republicans showed their strong issues

numerous times. These presidecies showed now slacking in their beliefs throughout both

presidencies.

During the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison, the characterization that the Jeffersonians were strict constructionist who opposed to the loose constructionism of the Federalists was accurate.

Thomas Jefferson and the Jeffersonians were strict constructionists who believed the country was too large to have all its affairs directed by one single government. Instead, he proposed that the best government is the one that governed the least. In this, the majority of power would go to the states and the people could keep a closer eye on the public servants. This action would not only minimize central authority, which was seen as a kind of evil, but it would prevent the forming of a dictatorship. Although James Madison did not stand his ground as strong as Jefferson did, in that he did not really make it known to the public, he also believed that power should be in the states.

The Federalist were loose constructionist who believed that the country should be ruled by one government. They wanted central authority so that they could crush democratic excesses, protect lives and estates of the wealthy, and under the authority of the sovereignty- loving states. They did not consider the states at all, however, they believed that the central government, that they wanted, should be at the expense of the states rights.

There was much controversy between the Jeffersonians and the Federalist. The characterization can be proved in many other examples other than the central government issue. For example, the Federalist wanted a protective tariff to support private enterprise, whereas the Jeffersonians wanted no special favors for the manufacturers. In another case, the Federalist wanted a strong navy to protect shippers, whereas Jefferson, seeing the act unconstitutional, opposed.

The two parties during the presidency of Jefferson and Madison

were accurate. The Jeffersonian's practiced a strict government.

On the other hand, the Federalist practiced a loose government.

Their polictical and economic views were different.

The Jeffersonian's wanted to follow the book. If it was not

written then it could not be done. The Federalist who practiced a

loose government did not follow all of the rules. Many ideas and

plans did not go through. Federalist's rules and regulations was not

as strict. Although, the Sedition and Alien Acts caused the Federal-

ist's to have alot of enemies. Jeffersonian's felt that the Constitution

was the best to follow.

Many people were trying to find ways to save money. The

Federalist's and Jeffersonsian's were both concerned with economic

issues. Money sometimes paid the price for gaining more people.

With more people following a certain group, the group became

stronger. Land was a major item that was purchased with the aid

of money.

During this period both parties issues were discussed. Most

people agreed with the party that best represnted them. Although

most of the acts thatb were taken by the Jeffersonians could of been

avoided. Only if their views of the law were different. They were

too busy with trying to do everything right. Unlike the Federalists,

they wanted things to be done. Even if they had to bend the rules

and laws of the Constitution a little.

There were some prime views that were made during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison. These views would later cause people to have to choose sides in the matter of which view represents them best. The simple fact that the Jeffersonian Republicans were characterized as strict contructionists who opposed to the broad contructionism of the Federalists would prove to be accurate during the Jefferson and Madison presidencies.

The Jeffersonian Republicans were characterized as strict constructionists. The Republicans wanted to do everything by the book. If it was not presented in the constitution, they proved it to be unconstitutional as they did in the Marbury versus Madison case in 1803. They had an exemplified idea that some of the power should be directed in the independent states rather than having it present in one single government. They would prove their characterization to be accurate during the Hartford Convention. It was stated that if two thirds of both houses did not approve, the bill would not even be considered.

The Federalists were characterized as having an idea of loose or broad constructionism. They would believe in being creative in the terms of the constitution. They had an exemplified idea of their own that if they wanted to do something that was not in the constitution, it would be accepted to create a new bill of law under any circumstance. If they wanted a new territory such as the Louisiana Purchase, they could create a law saying it would be made constitutional. They would later create laws on their own terms with the Sedition Act and Alien Laws.

Would these two political parties stay within the views of their own party? Amazingly, they would change their views so that they would have the ability to try to reach other people in order to win political elections for president. Some examples would include Jefferson allowing Congress to pass the Embargo Act of 1807. If he had abided strictly by his concept, he would have declared this law unconstitutional.

In conclusion, all of the actions that were demonstrated by these two parties would prove that the characterizations of the Jeffersonian Republicans as being strict constructionists and the Federalists as loose constructionists accurate. Even though their point of views changed within their time of presidency, they would accept some of the laws that were created and veto others.

Since the 1800’s the United States has gone through many presidents. We have had great ones and we have also had those that we didn’t agree with, but there are two in particular that were proven to have accurate characteristics. These two were Jefferson and Madison; they were apart of two different parties. One party was strict constructionists, the other was loss constructionists, but near the end of their presidencies both Jefferson and Madison they showed changes.

One of the parties was the strict constructionists; this is the party that Jefferson was apart of. Jefferson felt that the legislature of the United States was attached to the preservation of the federal Constitution. The Jeffersonians were known, as Federalist and they were the ones that stood firm grounds and had harsh principals. They believed that people should have different rights. This particular party stated that the government of the U.S. the Constitution shouldn’t disturb the peoples’ religion institution s nor their doctrines, disciplines, or exercises.

Another one of the parties was the loose constructionists; this is the party that Madison was apart of. This party believed in being lax in creating law in the Constitution. They set forth the right to fill the ranks of the regular army by either taken children from parents or taking parents from children to go to war. They sometimes thought about the concerns of others. This party also set aside an act funds for internal improvements.

Near the end both Jefferson and Madison showed changes. Jefferson showed changes because he chose to create the Embargo Act, even though it failed. He along with many he went by the Constitution at all times, but he realized that sometimes ways must change with time. Madison changed because he saw that the federal government had too much control and the state government was being look over. He knew that proof needed to be made because a country is too large to have everything taken to a single government.

Jefferson and Madison were apart of two different parties that showed accurate characterizations during their presidencies. During their time of serving as president they accomplished many things. Both Jefferson and Madison will be remembered as great presidents.

The Jeffersonian Republicans were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalist and were characterized as strict constructionists. This characterization was proven to be very accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison. It also proved to affect America economically as well as politically.

Jefferson expressed his opinion in his letter to Gideon Granger. It was clear that Jefferson felt our country was too big to be governed by one strong central government. The Jeffersonian Republicans strongly believed in states self rule. Thomas Jefferson and the strict constructionist insisted that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government be reserved to the states. Madison, who was once a federalist, came to agree with Jefferson before he became president. The federalists gave their take on the Madison Administration in Daniel Websters’ speech to the House of Representatives in which he criticizes Madison by saying he and his administration had not been going directly by the Constitution.

The Federalists were opposed to Jeffersons popular Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Jefferson was concerned about the constitutionality of making a land acquisition without adding a covering amendment to the U. S. Constitution but the law of the land did give the President treaty making power. The Louisiana Purchase set the U. S. back about $15 million. Federalist thought this was just too costly.

The Democratic Republicans did not like to alter the Constitution. The Federalists felt the Constitution should be updated to keep up with the people. Jefferson, Madison, and the "loose" constructionists all wanted to achieve the same goal of having a strong government, they just had different views on how much power it should have.

Jeffersonian Republicans opposed Federalist who wanted to change the constitution, pass oppressive laws, and impose tariffs.

Violations of the Constitution

• The "Lock Jaw" Sedition Act

• Freedom of Speech

• Freedom of the Press

Alien Laws

• Raised residence requirements

• Violate open-door hospitality

• Scorned European immigrants

Imposed Tariffs

• 8% on the value of dutiable imports

• excise tax on a few domestic items, notably whiskey

• designed to erect a low protective wall

Jeffersonian Republicans opposed Federalist who wanted to change the constitution, pass oppressive laws, and impose tariffs.

Jeffersonian Republicans opposed Federalist who wanted to change the constitution, pass oppressive laws, and impose tariffs. The "lockjaw" Sedition Act, the last measure of the federalist clampdown was a direct slap at two priceless freedoms guaranteed in the Constitution by the Bill of Rights—freedom of speech and freedom of the press (First Amendment). This law provided that anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely defamed its officials, including the president, would be liable to a heavy fine and imprisonment. Even though the measure was severe, the Federalists believed that it was justified. The verbal violence of the day was unrestrained.

The first of the oppressive laws was aimed at supposedly pro-Jeffersonian "aliens". Most European immigrants, lacking wealth, were scorned by the aristocratic Federalist party. But they were welcomed as voters by the less prosperous and more democratic Jeffersonians. The Federalist Congress, hoping to discourage the "dregs" of Europe, erected a disheartening barrier. They raised the residence requirements for aliens who desired to become citizens from a tolerable fourteen. This drastic new law violated the traditional American policy of open-door hospitality and speedy assimilation.

The first tariff law, imposing a low tariff of about 8% on the value of dutiable imports, was speedily passed by the first Congress in 1789, even before Hamilton was sworn in. Revenue was by far the main goal, but the measure was also designed to erect a low protective wall around infant industries, which bawled noisily for more shelter than they received. Hamilton had the vision to see that the Industrial Revolution would soon reach America, and he argued strongly in favor of more protection for the well-to-do manufacturing groups—another vital element in his economic program. But Congress was still dominated by the agriculture and commercial interest, and it voted only two slight increases in the tariff during Washington’s presidency.

Jefferson and Madison characterization during presidencies were religion and the Improvement Bill.

Madison characterization was for the Internal improvement Bill,. He wants the water coarses of transport in the city. To construct the roads sights and canals, he wanted to regulate commerce to construct roads and canals.

Jefferson was for the non-believing in religion for government process. No power for any religious exercise. In order to assume this authority, it was done by religious disciple. It must be rest to the states before any highway authority.

In conclusion, Jefferson and Madison presidencies was based mainly on the religion and Internal improvement Bill