Mr. Haskell
E-core history
30 January 2004
Chapter 27 Outline
I. The stage is set
A. Pressure for Peace
1. Alfred Nobel was a Swedish inventor of Dynamite.
2. He regretted very much his invention of dynamite because it was used to be in military purposes as well as mining.
3. Aletta Jacobs was the first woman doctor in the Netherlands.
B. Aggressive Nationalism
1. Nationalism can be a force that can defiantly bring an entire country together.
2. Nationalism was strong in both Germany and France.
3. A system called Pan-Slavism stated that all Slavic people shared the same kind of nationalism.
C. Economic and Imperial Rivalries
1. The Britsh felt threatened by Germany�s giant economy.
2. By the 1900 Germany passed Britain in the economic power race.
3. Germany gained some territories in central Africa.
D. Militarism and the Arms Race
1. Militerism is the glorification of the military.
2. Militerism gave many countries the driving force to enter the arms race and ready themselves for war.
3. The rise of militarism couldn�t have worked without the ideas that derived from social Darwinism.
E. A Tangle of Alliances
1. Many nations made alliance to protect each other.
2. However no treaty or handshake could take away the fear and distrust that each country had towards it�s fellow countries.
3. The first alliances came in the late 1800s with France and Germany�s hate for each other.
II. The Guns Of August
A. A Murder with Millions of Victims \
1. June 28th 1389 was the day that Serbia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
2. However on that same day Serbia had freed itself from Turkish rule in 1912.
3. Since Francis Ferdinand decided to pick that same date to visit Bosnia, the Serbs new they had to do something drastic.
B. Peace Unravels
1. The Austrians were very mad over the Serbians assignation of Francis Ferdinand so they decided to punish Serbia very much.
2. The Austrians sent out an ultimatum to avoid war with the Serbians but they did not accept it.
3. Serbia Allied with Russia and Russia mobilized for war.
C. Whose Fault?
1. Through the years the war was blamed on many different people from the Austrians to the Serbians and even to the Germans.
2. Even though Austria was blamed the most Germany stayed with them.
3. However now people see that no matter what all of those countries shared blame in the war.
III. A New Kind of Conflict
A. The Western Front
1. When the War began the German were the leader taking over many cities.
2. On the Western front many trenches were dug for cover.
3. Trench Warfare was a very affective tool keeping many of the soldiers alive.
B. Other European Fronts
1. On the eastern front much more people survived then on the Western Front.
2. Russia suffered one of the worst defeats of the war in the battle of Tannenberg.
3. In 1915 Bulgaria Joined the war.
C. The War beyond Europe
1. Even though most of the fighting was in Europe The Great War was a conflict all over the world.
2. The German overran many of the German civilian colonies.
3. Many of these civilians did not know whether to join the war or but some joined in a heart beat.
IV. Winning the War
A. Effects of the Stalemate
1. Total war is the channeling of an entire nations money into the war effort.
2. Total war hurt many of the civilian colonies because it left no money for them to eat or basically even live.
3. Propaganda was also spread all over the world, this was the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause.
B. Women at War
1. As men left to fight the women took over much of the jobs for their country.
2. Many of the military nurses had to enter the battlefield to save lives.
3. Edith Cavell was one of the first women in the war who became a national hero.
C. Collapsing Moral
1. Germany was sending children onto the battlefields to fight.
2. Three years of war for Russia was devastating to it�s economy and social life.
3. When Russia took itself our of the war it gave breathing room for the Germans to concentrate it�s forces on the western front.
D. The United States Declares War
1. The United States entered the war because many of their merchant ships were being destroyed by German Submarine attacks.
2. In April 1917 the U.S. congress was asked to declare war.
3. By 1918 America was ready and prepared for war.
E. Campaign to Victory
1. 1918 The Germans launched a giant offensive and pushed the allies back.
2. The allies the launched a counterattack and pushed the Germans back through France and Belgium.
3. An Armistice is a treaty that ends war.
V. Makeing The Peace
A. The Costs of War
1. The war killed more than 8.5 million people.
2. Double the amount of people that died is the amount wounded.
3. The flu also killed more than 20 million people.
B. The Paris Peace Conference
1. Woodrow Wilson was a strong person in this meeting.
2. The British Prime Minister David Lloyd George promised the British people that he would bring the Germans a harsh punishment.
3. George Clemenceau represented the French, he was a fierce war man.
C. The Treaty of Versailles
1. On June 1919 the New German Republic was summoned.
2. This document forced Germany to take the blame for the war.
3. This treaty very much hurt the German economy.
D. Other Settlements
1. Many New nations rose where many of the war torn states once ruled before the war.
2. Many of the European colonies around the world looked forward to many of the peace conferences.
3. Mandates are territories that were administered by western power.
E. Hopes for Global Peace
1. The Paris Peace Conference created at least a little bit of hope for peace around the world.
2. The United States Never Joined the League of Nations.
3. Even though the league was full of many enquiring minds it was still powerless to prevent war and stop aggression.