Soc 204 - Test 2				Name:__________________________

1.	 Income is defined as: A person's total economic assets.

2.	Wealth is defined as: The amount of money a person earns or receives from other sources in a given year.

3.  Describe the composition of income and wealth in the US.
Income within the United States is not proportioned equally, but rather inefficiently for some, while others over-indulge. While some have more money than they could spend, others cannot even support their own basic needs.

4.	To recalculate the poverty line, the Economic Policy Institute recommends: Adding non-cash welfare benefits, while subtracting out-of-pocket child-care and medical expenses, and adjust for for changing consumption patterns.

5.	A reason why homelessness appears to have risen in years when poverty has not is: There has been a deinstitutionalization movement within American Mental Health Centers, and they have let out many very disturbed patients, essentially into the streets, while failing to maintain the outpatient services that were promised.

6.	One of the fastest growing groups in the poor populations is: Households consisting of single mothers and their children.

7.	The beliefs that each person should work hard and strive to succeed in competition with others; that those who work hard should be rewarded with success; that because of widespread and equal opportunity, whose who work hard will be rewarded; and that economic failure is one’s own fault and reveals a lack if effort is known as: The Ideology of Individualism

8.	Domination, integration, assimilation and pluralism are examples of: 

9.	Those with some of the highest rates of poverty, unemployment and under-education are: African and Latino Americans

10.	Prejudice refers to negative feelings;  where as discrimination refers to acknowledging differences.
	
11.	Although there no longer a separation of schools, many students still attend segregated schools as a result of : Institutional Discrimination

12.	The group likeliest to be arrested, indicted, convicted and confined is: African Americans

13.	Which minority groups in the US can be defined as conquered people, thus resulting in very different positions in the social structure? Native Americans

14.	Programs to reduce unemployment, retrain unskilled workers, provide good quality health care, reduce poverty and shift the tax burden to those best able to carry it are essential to:

15.	Societal expectations regarding masculinity and femininity are: Gender Roles

16.	The minority in the US still subject to some of the most blatant occupational and social discrimination and who commonly face threats of violence and even death is: Gays & Lesbians

17.	The public symbol for a host of social ills from the decline of the work ethic to the decay of the traditional family structure is: ____

18.	The official crime data in the US comes from: Uniform Crime Reports and National Crime Victimization Surveys

19.	The ‘3 Strikes’ policy of life imprisonment without parole for 3rd time felony offenders will cause: ___

20.	Where does the US rank in the world in the proportion of its citizens
    who are currently incarcerated? Of all democratic nations currently in the world, the U.S. is ranked the highest for its incarcerated citizens. 

Answer True or False for the following:

_____ 21.  Crime is rooted in bio-psychological problems of individuals. Give justification for your answer.
True. A study conducted by Barry Hutchings and Sarnoff A Mednick focused on 1145 boys. They found that with a criminal as a biological parent, their own chances of being a criminal were greatly increased. Evidence that supports biological influences derive from the fact that even adopted kids reflected the same data. Working hand in hand with biology, psychological and personality traits do have influence over a person's criminal capacity.

_____ 22. Those who have been more harshly treated, have experience more prejudice and discrimination leading to more social problems and are stuck in poverty with less education are colonized minorities.  Explain briefly.
True. A colonized minority is a person who is essentially forced to live in somebody else's society. Inevitably, the society will apply pressure on them to conform. A failure to conform will result in the continuation of the problem.

_____ 23. Of any highly developed nation, the US has by far the highest poverty rate and the biggest gap between those on top and those on the bottom. Give data.
No. 

_____ 24.  One out of every 3 Asian men in either in prison, jail, on probation or parole. Justify your answer.
False. One out of every three African American man.

_____ 25. Street crimes do the most harm to society, both physical harm as well as monetary damage. Explain your answer.
False. The damages done by street crimes are psychological in that they occur on the level lived most directly by the people. However, their physical damages are surpassed in many areas, including health problems, automotive accidents, etc. As for monetary, losing the $25 in your wallet may be one of the cheapest problems you face in today's society.

Essay. (50 points)
Defend the inequality (in social class, gender, age, race/ethnicity) that results from the US stratification system using the legitimating rationale from the Functionalist perspective.  Then, using the Conflict perspective, describe how the stratification system produces deviants and criminals. (Note: deviance is defined as ideas and appearance, as well as in actions. Therefore, do not just discuss crime).