|
About the site
name: GeoRaces Geo =
Geographically Racine = Sources Races = All
Civilisations About: INTERNET
and LAW – RIGHTS and CRIMES This site is a
Non-Profit Web page, © 2005 Sweden -All rights reserved for Public domain
concern. The aims vision of this site is to provide information, links to
available documentation, sources and knowledge and combat isolation from
public information and gain cultural profit to human rights to learn about
facts and artefacts from historical heritage of the human race, no matter the
humans physiological or neither geographical position or migrated state on
earth. GeoRaces contribution on information sharing is restricted to public
domains rights with teaching pedagogy. A site for readers interested of
learning about origins, humanity, culture and goals. A site for human
struggling for harmony in life with other human. A site for positive issues
in a human’s life. A site, source of Inspiration and vision for creativity. This site is a
forum for common heritage of history. The interests of this website is to
collect acknowledge from interesting information we want to share with each
other. You are welcome
and invited to write to this site if the published information on this site
is not public domain information… though this site has no purpose to invent
history but to share profit of the heritage of history with other peoples… Gosh,
Information provided on this site are based on public domain information with
revervation for humans rights to express ourselves with own and personal
knowledge on the items. The vision is the goal to bind culture with the
benefit of the mutual profit with other civilisations. Information
presented on this site has for aims to consider the Fair use doctrine of the
European Information Communication and the Fair use Doctrine of the United
States Copyright Act (section 107 of title 17) which states: "the fair
use of a copyrighted work...for purposes such as criticism, comment, news
reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of
copyright." In practice the courts have decided that anything, which
does not financially harm the copyright holder, is fair use. International law
and rights are not easy to understand but every human being has the
responsibility to know about them. May be, everybody
shall learn and obtain a driving licence before driving a car… Right? But
until today, Internet is a wonderful forum in a virtual universe where
everybody “can drive” … without knowing much about the type or model of
“car”. I mean, it’s free to open a Site but the question is if we have the
necessary knowledge to open a Site. May be someday, we will see Internet
diploma required before opening a public or a private website. But until that
day, I think that you and me together, want to contribute building the world
why we like to honour works already done for us and celebrate and tanks all
humans contributing for making this world a better place to live for every
human. Tanks to the Internet… Tanks to all people... cause now, I can say: I
have meet a Black Swedish, a White Senegalese, a Black Chinese, a White
Ghanaian and many fascinating individuals and human kind, I ever though they
existed before in this universe and what's most fantastic is that we all have
something in common at GeoRaces. Let us read
together this lesson about “ Public domain ” From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopaedia. The public domain
is the body of creative works and other knowledge--writing, artwork, music,
science, inventions, and others--in which no person or organization has any
proprietary interest (typically a government-granted monopoly such as a
copyright or patent). Such works and inventions are considered part of the
public's cultural heritage, and anyone can use and build upon them without
restriction (not taking into account laws concerning safety, export, etc). The reason for a
public domain: Governments
created the concept of the public domain by applying previous legal concepts
to creative work (e.g.: the commons, the village green). While copyright was
created to protect the financial incentive of those doing creative work as a
means to encourage more creative work, the public domain grants the public
the right to use and reuse the creative work of others without financial or
social burden. Absence of legal
protection: Creative works
are in the public domain wherever no law exists to establish proprietary
rights, or where the subject matter is specifically excluded from existing
laws. For example, most mathematical formulas are not subject to copyrights
or patents in most of the world. Likewise, works that were created long
before such laws were passed are part of the public domain, such as the works
of William Shakespeare and Ludwig van Beethoven and the inventions of
Aristotle. Expiration: Most copyrights
and patents have a finite term; when it expires, the work or invention falls
into the public domain. In most of the world, patents expire 20 years after
they are filed. Trademarks expire soon after the mark becomes a generic term.
Copyrights are more complex; generally, they expire worldwide when all of the
following conditions are satisfied: The work was
created and first published before January 1, 1923, or at least 95 years
before January 1 of the current year, whichever is later. The last
surviving author died at least 70 years before January 1 of the current year. No Berne
Convention signatory has passed a perpetual copyright on the work. Neither the
United States nor the European Union has passed a copyright term extension
since these conditions were last updated. (This must be a condition because
the exact numbers in the other conditions depend on the state of the law at
any given moment.) These conditions
are based on the intersection of United States and European Union copyright
law, which most other Berne Convention signatories recognize. Note that
copyright term extension under U.S. tradition does not restore copyright to
PD works (hence the 1923 date), but European tradition does because the 1996
harmonization was based on the copyright term in Germany, which had already
been extended to life plus 70. Note further that works created by a United
States government agency fall into PD at the moment of creation. Examples of
inventions whose patents have expired include the inventions of Thomas
Edison. Examples of works whose copyrights have expired include the works of
Carlo Collodi and most of the works of Mark Twain. Examples of works under a
statutory perpetual copyright include many of the Peter Pan works by J. M.
Barrie. Note that works of The Walt Disney Company are not under statutory
perpetual copyright on paper because the United States Constitution requires
copyrights to last "for limited Times" (Article I, section 8,
clause 8), but Disney routinely provides millions of U.S. dollars of campaign
money to legislators in exchange for copyright term extensions. Disclaimer of
interest: An author or
inventor can explicitly disclaim any proprietary interest in the work,
granting it to the public domain. Because copyright applies by default to all
works, authors must do this explicitly. On the other hand, publishing the
details of an invention before applying for a patent may place an invention
in the public domain. For example, once a journal publishes a mathematical
formula, it may no longer be used as the core of a claim in a software
patent. Ineligibility: Laws may make
some types of works and inventions ineligible for monopoly; such works
immediately enter the public domain upon publication. For example, US
copyright law releases all works created by the US government into the public
domain, patent law excludes inventions that obviously follow from prior art,
and agreements that Germany signed at the end of World War I released such
trademarks as "aspirin" and "heroin" into the public
domain in many areas. Licensing: Note that there
are many works that are not part of the public domain, but for which the
owner of some proprietary rights has chosen not to enforce those rights, or
to grant some subset of those rights to the public. See, for example, the
Free Software Foundation which creates copyrighted software and licenses it
without charge to the public for most uses under a class of license called
"copy left", forbidding only proprietary redistribution. See also
Wikipedia, which does much the same thing with its content under the GNU Free
Documentation License. Sometimes such work is mistakenly referred to as
"public domain" in colloquial speech. Note also that
while some works (especially musical works) may be in the public domain, U.S.
law considers transcriptions or performances of those works to be derivative
works, potentially subject to their own copyrights. For more details (or for
public domain transcriptions of public domain works). The role in the
society: In conclusion, I
do believe too that: "This public
domain however is important as a provider of raw material to future
creators." I strongly hope
you agree with us and often visit us as long we give satisfaction to your
curiosity. Our universe is a public domain “ under construction” an unfinished constructed world! Many tanks to Everyone. We can dream or... respect our nature and live in harmony in this universe... Can't we? You are at GeoRaces ... Fell free to visit as well Georacine located at: http://www.geocities.com/georacine Wellcome to the Great Human Story at GeoRaces ! G.Formose |