Ch. 19 Reviewing
Facts 1 – 9
1. There was discontent with the old regime in France because the higher
social classes could buy political office while the peasants were struggling to
make a living on their poor wages, the peasants were burdened with taxes, and
nobles had more rights than peasants such as the ability to hunt.
2. A crowd stormed the Bastille because the crowd was demanding weapons and
gunpowder they believed was stored there, and also wanted to free political and
other prisoners.
3. The slogan of the French Revolution was “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.”
4. In 1793 Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were both executed after being on
trial as traitors.
5. The Reign of Terror was a time from July 1793 to July 1794 in which
Robespierre led the nation and killed 40,000 people, of which 15 percent were
nobles and clergy, 15 percent were middle class citizens, and the remaining 70
percent were peasants involved in riots or revolts.
6. Napoleon made many reforms as leader of France, of which included
regulating the economy, encouraging new industry, and building roads and canals.
He also promoted public schools that were under strict government control, made
peace with the Catholic Church, and reinstated rights that were lost to people
of all classes.
7. Napoleon tried to increase French power in Europe by annexing parts of
Netherlands, Belgium, and Italy. He abolished the Holy Roman Empire, cut
Prussian territory in half, forced allies from Madrid to Moscow, and at carious
times signed peace treaties with Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
8. Napoleons invasion of Russia ended with a retreat after Alexander I’s
forces burned crops and villages which left French forces hungry and cold. Only
100,000 of the 600,000 soldiers lived through the 1000 mile retreat. This
retreat shattered Napoleons reputation of success.
9. The Congress of Vienna tired to restore the balance of power in Europe by
redrawing the map of Europe and gave lands occupied by France to the original
nation that controlled it, gave Prussia land on the Rhine river to prevent
French expansion, and allowed Austria to reassert control over northern Italy.