10 Commandments

Judaism (Exodus 20:2-14 in the Torah)

http://www.jewfaq.org/10.htm

The Two Tablets: Duties to God and Duties to People

Judaism teaches that the first tablet, containing the first five declarations, identifies duties regarding our relationship with God, while the second tablet, containing the last five declarations, identifies duties regarding our relationship with other people.

You may have noticed, however, that the fifth category, which is included in the first tablet, is the category to honour father and mother, which would seem to concern relationships between people. The rabbis teach that our parents are our creators and stand in a relationship to us akin to our relationship to God. Throughout Jewish liturgy, God is referred to as Avinu Malkeinu, our Father, our King. Disrespect to our biological creators is not merely an affront to them; it is also an insult to the Creator of the Universe. Accordingly, honour of father and mother is included on the tablet of duties to God.

  1. Belief in God
    This category is derived from the declaration in Ex. 20:2 beginning, "I am the Lord, your God..."
  2. Prohibition of Improper Worship
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:3-6, beginning, "You shall not have other gods..." It encompasses within it the prohibition against the worship of other gods as well as the prohibition of improper forms of worship of the one true God.
  3. Prohibition of Oaths
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:7, beginning, "You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain..." This includes prohibitions against perjury, breaking or delaying the performance of vows or promises, and speaking God's name or swearing unnecessarily.
  4. Shabbat
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:8-11, beginning, "Remember the sabbath day..." It encompasses all mitzvot related to shabbat, holidays, or sacred time.
  5. Respect for Parents and Teachers
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:12, beginning, "Honour your father and mother..."
  6. Prohibition of Murder
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:13a, saying, "You shall not murder."
  7. Prohibition of Adultery
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:13b, saying, "You shall not commit adultery."
  8. Prohibition of Theft
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:13c, saying, "You shall not steal." It includes within it both outright robbery as well as various forms of theft by deception and unethical business practices. It also includes kidnapping.
  9. Prohibition of False Witness
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:13d, saying, "You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour."
  10. Prohibition of Coveting
    This category is derived from Ex. 20:14, beginning, "You shall not covet your neighbour�s house..."

Roman Catholicism (Exodus 20:2-17 in the Old Testament)

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2.htm
http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/ccc_toc.htm

Love of God and Love of Neighbour

The Ten Commandments state what is required in the love of God and love of neighbour. The first three concern love of God, and the other seven love of neighbour.

Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC)

  1. SECTION TWO, CHAPTER ONE: "YOU SHALL LOVE THE LORD YOU GOD WITH ALL YOUR HEART, AND WITH ALL YOUR SOUL, AND WITH ALL YOUR MIND"
    • ARTICLE 1: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:2-6) (Traditional: I am the LORD your God: you shall not have strange Gods before me.)
      1. "You Shall Worship the Lord Your God and Him Only Shall You Serve"
      2. "Him Only Shall You Serve"
      3. "You Shall Have No Other Gods before Me"
      4. "You Shall Not Make for Yourself a Graven Image"
    • ARTICLE 2: THE SECOND COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:7) (Traditional: You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain.)
      1. The Name of the Lord Is Holy
      2. Taking the Name of the Lord in Vain
      3. The Christian Name
    • ARTICLE 3: THE THIRD COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:8-11) (Traditional: Remember to keep holy the LORD'S Day.)
      1. The Sabbath Day
      2. The Lord's Day
  2. SECTION TWO, CHAPTER TWO: "YOU SHALL LOVE YOUR NEIGHBOUR AS YOURSELF"
    • ARTICLE 4: THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:12) (Traditional: Honor your father and your mother.)
      1. The Family in God's Plan
      2. The Family and Society
      3. The Duties of Family and the Kingdom
      4. The Family and the Kingdom
      5. The Authorities in Civil Society
    • ARTICLE 5: THE FIFTH COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:13) (Traditional: You shall not kill.)
      1. Respect for Human Life
      2. Respect for the Dignity of Persons
      3. Safeguarding Peace
    • ARTICLE 6: THE SIXTH COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:14) (Traditional: You shall not commit adultery.)
      1. "Male and Female He Created Them . . ."
      2. The Vocation to Chastity
      3. The Love of Husband and Wife
      4. Offences against the Dignity of Marriage
    • ARTICLE 7: THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:15) (Traditional: You shall not steal.)
      1. The Universal Destination and the Private Ownership of Goods
      2. Respect for Persons and Their Goods
      3. The Social Doctrine of the Church
      4. Economic Activity and Social Justice
      5. Justice and Solidarity among Nations
      6. Love for the Poor
    • ARTICLE 8: THE EIGHTH COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:16) (Traditional: You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.)
      1. Living in the Truth
      2. To Bear Witness to the Truth
      3. Offences against Truth
      4. Respect for the Truth
      5. The Use of the Social Communications Media
      6. Truth, Beauty, and Sacred Art
    • ARTICLE 9: THE NINTH COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:17a) (Traditional: You shall not covet your neighbor's wife.)
      1. Purification of the Heart
      2. The Battle for Purity
    • ARTICLE 10: THE TENTH COMMANDMENT (Exodus 20:17b) (Traditional: You shall not covet your neighbor's goods.)
      1. The Disorder of Covetous Desires
      2. The Desires of the Spirit
      3. Poverty of Heart
      4. "I Want to See God"

Reformed Theology (Exodus 20:2-17 in the Old Testament)

http://www.reformed.org/documents/wsc/index.html

Westminster Confession of Faith � Shorter Catechism

Q. 42. What is the sum of the ten commandments?
A. The sum of the Ten Commandments is, to love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbor as ourselves. (Matthew 22:37-40)

Q. 43. What is the preface to the Ten Commandments?
A. The preface to the ten commandments is in these words, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. (Exodus 20:2)

Q. 45. Which is the first commandment?
A. The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me. (Exodus 20:3)

Q. 49. Which is the second commandment?
A. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. (Exodus 20:4-6)

Q. 53. Which is the third commandment?
A. The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. (Exodus 20:7)

Q. 57. Which is the fourth commandment?
A. The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservent, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. (Exodus 20:8-11)

Q. 63. Which is the fifth commandment?
A. The fifth commandment is, Honor thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. (Exodus 20:12)

Q. 67. Which is the sixth commandment?
A. The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill. (Exodus 20:13)

Q. 70. Which is the seventh commandment?
A. The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery. (Exodus 20:14)

Q. 73. Which is the eighth commandment?
A. The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal. (Exodus 20:15)

Q. 76. Which is the ninth commandment?
A. The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. (Exodus 20:16)

Q. 79. Which is the tenth commandment?
A. The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor�s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor�s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbor�s. (Exodus 20:17)

Gary: In service of my risen Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. Maranatha!

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