Efficient binary sources of working-body vapor for thermionic converters. Kalandarishvili, A.G.; Kashiya, V.G. Atomic Energy (English Translation) (United States); 75 (6): 922-926 (Jun 1994).

The objective of this investigation was an experimental determination of the parameters of a cylindrical thermionic converter (TC), with the binary system being cesium with bismuth, antimony, selenium, and germanium. In all devices, the emitter was a layer of tungsten, and the collector consisted of niobium or an alloy of molybdenum with ruthenium. The system characteristics of each binary system were studied, with the interaction kinetics of the cesium vapor with the active sorbent being examined by the gravimetric method. For each TC, the current-voltage characteristics were investigated as was the work function. For each case investigated, there was a 25-30% higher TC power output due to the presence of the active additive.

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WAIS Entry Date:
07/29/1995
Document Type Text:
Journal Article
Literary Indicator Text:
Translation
Publication Date:
06/01/1994
EDB Subject Category Text:
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT;PERFORMANCE AND TESTING;MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, AND AUXILIARIES;OTHER METHODS OF DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
EDB Subject Categories:
300401;300402;300403;665520
Keywords:
THERMIONIC CONVERTERS/design; THERMIONIC CONVERTERS/testing; WORK FUNCTIONS; DESIGN; TESTING; THERMIONIC CONVERSION; CESIUM; BISMUTH; ANTIMONY; SELENIUM; GERMANIUM

The method of creating a small interelectrode spacing in thermionic energy converters. Kalandarishvili, A.G. (Russian Research Center Kurchatov Inst., Moscow (Russian Federation)). pp. 928-932 of Proceedings of the 31. intersociety energy conversion engineering conference. Volume 2: Conversion technologies, electro-chemical technologies, stirling engines, thermal management. Chetty, P.R.K.; Jackson, W.D.; Dicks, E.B. (eds.). Inst. of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ (United States) (1996). 867p. (CONF-960805--: 31. intersociety energy conversion engineering conference, Washington, DC (United States), 9-14 Aug 1996).

The method is proposed for creating a small interelectrode spacing in thermionic energy converters (TEC) using graphite-based laminated structures placed inside the converter interelectrode gap. The paper discusses conceptual design and fabrication technology of this device. The proposed method is compared with the methods currently implemented in practice.

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WAIS Entry Date:
04/12/1997
Document Type Text:
Book Analytic
Literary Indicator Text:
Conference literature, either as published proceedings or individual papers
Publication Date:
01/01/1996
Packed Report Number:
CONF960805
EDB Subject Category Text:
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
EDB Subject Categories:
300401
Keywords:
THERMIONIC CONVERTERS; POSITIONING; SPACERS; DESIGN; FABRICATION; CESIUM; GRAPHITE

Peculiarities of a method for ex-reactor heating of electrodes and obtaining voltage-current characteristics of multi-cell thermionic fuel elements. Kalandarishvili, A.G. (Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Engineering, Tbilisi 380008 Republic of (Georgia)); Drozdov, A.A.; Stepennov, B.S. AIP Conference Proceedings; 361 (1): 1279-1284 (Mar 1996). (CONF-960109--: STAIF 96: space technology and applications international forum, Albuquerque, NM (United States), 7-11 Jan 1996).

The paper discusses principle of operation and applications of a pulse method of heating multi-cell thermionic fuel elements. Some experimental results are given for a cylindrical single-cell thermionic energy converter that simulates conditions close to that of multi-cell TFE operation. Basic requirements for technical parameters are stated that should be observed when testing TFE on thermal facilities. The means to improve the method are described, including both a computer-aided experiment and modifications in individual components of the test facility. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}

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WAIS Entry Date:
11/30/1996
Document Type Text:
Journal Article
Literary Indicator Text:
Conference literature, either as published proceedings or individual papers
Publication Date:
03/01/1996
Packed Report Number:
CONF960109
EDB Subject Category Text:
PERFORMANCE AND TESTING
EDB Subject Categories:
300402
Keywords:
THERMIONIC FUEL ELEMENTS/performance; PERFORMANCE; THERMIONIC CONVERTERS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRODES; HEAT EXCHANGERS; THERMIONIC COLLECTORS

Efficient ternary sources of working-body vapors for thermionic converters. Kalandarishvili, A.G.; Kashiya, V.G. Atomic Energy (New York); 76 (5): 363-368 (Nov 1994).

The results of experiments to determine the energy characteristics of a cylindrical thermionic converter (TC) are presented. The TC investigated had ternary working-body vapor sources based on multicomponent cesium systems with either bismuth oxide, vanadium oxide, or tungsten oxide additions. Sorption characteristics of the systems were first determined, and then the ternary source was operated as part of the TC. The kinetics of the interaction of cesium vapor with the oxides was studied gravimetrically at various collector temperatures. The cesium TC electrical power output was increased 40 to 60% with a Cs{sub 12}Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} ternary source in the arc mode. A Cs{sub 3}V{sub 2}O{sub 5} system increased TC output power from 20 to 40%, depending on emitter temperature. For the two Cs{sub x}WO{sub 3} sources examined, power increased almost 50%. The ternary sources examined also extended the working temperature range of the TC. 18 refs., 5 figs.

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WAIS Entry Date:
04/12/1997
Document Type Text:
Journal Article
Literary Indicator Text:
Translation
Publication Date:
11/01/1994
EDB Subject Category Text:
MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, AND AUXILIARIES;THERMIONIC AND THERMOELECTRIC CONVERSION
EDB Subject Categories:
300403;140502
Keywords:
THERMIONIC CONVERTERS/electric power; TERNARY ALLOY SYSTEMS/temperature dependence; CESIUM BASE ALLOYS/temperature dependence; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; BISMUTH ADDITIONS; VANADIUM ADDITIONS; TUNGSTEN ADDITIONS; BISMUTH OXIDES; VANADIUM OXIDES; TUNGSTEN OXIDES