Renovations! Please excuse the mess, but we are in the process of overhauling the site.

SYMBOLS, say, "Einstein coefficient" Edit, click, copy, click.

Another Gary Search Page, say, "HotBot", click,

Then, "HotBot", Search, click, paste for "Einstein coefficient" , click, then Find

Searching Entries for Find (Edit, then Find)

Seven types of string searches are available, 1) search for an author, (your name) 2) search for a title (or part of a title), 3) search for a journal, 5) search by year, or 6) search by keyword.

459

A Richardson A value (22)

A_lk Einstein coefficient for spontaneous emission (70)

A Dimensionless ion saturation current density (233)

a Linear dimension

a_O Bohr radius

B_lk Einstein coefficient for stimulated emission (70)

B_kl Einstein coefficient for absorption (70)

b Impact parameter (55)

C_o Constant specifying frequency shift in the Stark effect

c Velocity of light

D Diffusion coefficient

D_a Diffusion coefficient for atoms in their own vapor (29)

D_e Electron diffusion coefficient

D_eA D_eC Electron diffusion coefficient near the anode and cathode

D_E(E) Electron diffusion coefficient for energy space (153)

D_i Ion diffusion coefficient (171)

D_iA D_iC Ion diffusion coefficients near the anode and cathode

D^(mi) Dissociation energy of molecular ions (122)

D^(m) Molecular dissociation energy (140)

D_e^T Electron thermal diffusion coefficient (257)

Dn Diffusion coefficient for electrons in velocity space

Dn a b Diffusion tensor components (106)

D₁ Diffusion coefficient for atoms excited to the first level (148)

d Interelectrode spacing (6)

E Thermoelectric emf (1)

E Electric field intensity

E_C Field intensity at the cathode (298)

E_ea Electron affinity (31)

E_ion Ionization energy for a ground state atom

E_n,ion Ionization energy for an atom with excitation energy E_n

E_i,j,k Excitation energies of levels i, j, k

E_kl Energy difference of atomic levels k and l

E Energy (kinetic) of a particle

D E Change in kinetic energy with collision (per unit time)

e Electronic charge

erf(z) Error function (193)

F Force

F_L Lorentz force

f Average vibration frequency of adsorbed particle (30)

f(n ) Velocity distribution function (81)

f_e(n ) Electron velocity distribution function

f_i(n ) Ion velocity distribution function (179)

f_kl Oscillator strength for transition between levels k and l (61)

f_m(n ) Maxwellian velocity distribution function using the cathode temperature (49)

f_M(n ) Maxwellian velocity distribution function (81)

fm _e, fk _e Correction to Mathiessen’s behavior in the transport

f_o(E_i) Fermi-Dirac distribution function

g Kramer-Gaunt factor

g Relative velocity before collision (55)

g’ Relative velocity after collision (55)

g_a Statistical weight of an atom (33)

g_i Statistical weight of an ion (33)

g_k Statistical weight for level k of the atom (62)

H Magnetic field strength

H Heat of desorption (31)

H_int Heat of absorption function defined by equation 2.9.4 (39)

h h Planck’s constant (h = h/2p )

I Current

I_e(I_i) Dimensionless electron (ion) current (271)

I{ } Collision term (85)

I_ab Collisional term of the kinetic equation for particle a - particle b interactions (106)

I_ee Collisional term of the kinetic equation for electrons -electron interactions (105)

I Net rate of transitions from the discrete level to the continuum (127)

I Total current (225)

I _{0 1} Atomic transition rate from the ground state to the first excited state (151)

I _is Ion saturation current to probe (227)

i Particle flux (115)

i_a Random flux of atoms (359)

i_e(i_i) Electron (ion) flux (209)

(i_eva)_TEquilibrium atom evaporation from a surface (27)

i_E Electron flux in energy space (153)

i_k Flow or atoms excited to the k level (129)

i_p, i_pe(E)Flux energy distribution for emission from the plasma (184)

i_s(E) Flux energy distribution for emission from the electrode (183)

J Dimensionless current density

J = j_e - j_iCurrent density

j_b Beam current density (413)

j_e = -ei_eElectron current density (87)

j_eC Electron current density emitted by the cathode (268)

j_es Electron saturation current density (226)

j_ev Current density for emission from a virtual cathode

j_I = ei_iIon current density (228)

j_iC Ion current density emitted by the cathode (268)

j_is Ion emission current from the cathode (379)

j_o Extinction current density (331)

j_s Electron emission current from the cathode (379)

j_sC Schottky current at the cathode (298)

j_s⁰ Saturation thermionic emission current in the absence of an electric field (25)

j₁ Current density at the knee of the I-V curve (334)

K_e^(T) Electron thermal diffusion ratio (88)

K_i^(T) Ion thermal diffusion ratio (267)

K_v(s) MacDonald function (155)

k Boltzmann constant

k_O Absorption coefficient at a spectral line center (144)

k(w ) Radiation absorption coefficient (142)

L Length

L_D Debye length (radius) (58)

L_E Electron energy relaxation length (186)

L_i Length of ionization region (355)

L_lk(w )Spectral distribution over a spectral line (73)

L₁ De-excitation length for first excited state de-excitation (149)

l Mean free path

l Arbitrary quantum number

l_a Mean free path for atoms in their own vapor

l_e Electron mean free path (6)

l_s Beam breakup length (414)

l_i Ion mean free path

l_p Mean free path for momentum change (96)

M M_aAtomic mass

M M_i Mass of the ion

m Mass of the electron (8)

m Magnetic quantum number

m_a m_b Masses of particles a and b (55)

m_ab Reduced mass of colliding particles a and b (55)

N Surface concentration of adsorbed particles (30)

N_a Atom density in a gas (21)

N_A Density of cesium atoms near the anode (270)

N_a(T) Equilibrium atom density at temperature T

N_a¥ Atom density far from probe (237)

N_a N_b Number of particles a or b per unit volume (56)

N_e(T) Coefficient of the Saha equation (121)

N_k Density of excited atoms in state k (70)

N_k(T) Equilibrium density of excited atoms in state k

N_max The greatest surface density possible for adsorbed monolayer(32)

N_n^(cont.) Population of level n in equilibrium with the continuum (132)

n Principal quantum number

n Particle (plasma) density

n_A(n_C) Plasma density near the anode (cathode)

n_e(n_i) Electron (ion) density

n_e(T) Equilibrium density of electrons

n_m Maximum of the plasma density distribution

n¥ Density of plasma far from the probe (227)

n₀ Density of charged particles at the boundary of a quasi-neutral plasma and a space charge layer

n(E) Electron energy distribution

n_M(E) Maxwellian electron energy distribution

P_L Load power

P_L(max)Maximum power along a volt-ampere characteristic (9)

P_i Rate of energy expenditure in forming ions (8)

P_m Fitting parameter in expression for cesium vapor pressure (38)

P_max Maximum power (278)

P Pressure

P Momentum

D P Charge in momentum due to a collision

P_a(P_e, P_i)Atom (electron, ion) partial pressure (350)

P_{ra b} Pressure tensor of the r^th component of a plasma (357)

P_Ba Barium vapor pressure (42)

P_Cs Cesium vapor pressure (38)

P_O2 Oxygen pressure (43)

P_T Equilibrium thermodynamic pressure (27)

P^O Standard pressure (27)

Q Total elastic scattering cross section (56)

Q^ea Electron atom scattering cross section (60)

Q^ia Ion atom cross section (61)

Q_ion Ionization cross section (61)

Q_k, ionCross section for ionization from level k (61)

Q_kl Excitation cross section for transition from level k to level 1 (61)

Q_p Momentum transfer cross section (59)

Q_red Q_red^(ph)Radiative recombination cross section (62, 72)

Q_{0 1} Cross section for atomic transition from the ground state to the first excited state (154)

q_A Electron heat of condensation at the anode (345)

q_a Flux density for atomic thermal conduction

q_e Total energy flux density for electrons

q_e^(k) Flux density of electron kinetic energy

R Gas constant

R Dimensionless parameter for space charge volt-ampere curves (50)

R_L Load resistance

R_e Collisional force on the electron (105)

R_ea Collisional resistive force on electrons because of collisions with atoms (348)

R_ei Collisional resistive force due to electron-ion interaction (348)

R_ia Collisional resistive force on ions because of collisions with atoms (348)

R_ie Electron-ion friction force (267)

R_y Rydberg unit (68)

R⁺ Ion radius (31)

r Coordinate

r Average flow of electron kinetic energy (16)

r Coefficient for reflection of radiation from the electrode

@r Average quantum mechanical reflection coefficient (22)

r_a r_bRadii of rigid spheres a and b (56)

r_a Cyclotron radius (91)

r_e Exponent for the energy dependence of the mean free path

r_i Quantum mechanical reflection coefficient (21)

r_kin Kinetic reflection coefficient (22)

r_min Distance of closest approach (57)

r₁ r₂ Plasma-electrode interface reflection coefficients (18)

S Energy flux density

dS_h Decrease in entropy of the heat source (2)

dS_c Increase in entropy of the heat sink (2)

S_A Heat flux delivered to the anode (24)

S_a Atom thermal flux (268)

D S_ab Energy transfer rate between particles a and b (110)

S_e Electron energy flux (210, 268)

S_eva Electron cooling flux from the cathode (8)

S_e^k Electron kinetic energy flux density (87)

S_kl Absolute line intensity (254)

D S_lk Energy emitted in a spectral line per unit volume of plasma (72)

S_3/2⁽ⁿ⁾ Sonine polynomials (97)

S_P Probe surface area (225)

S_rad Radiant energy flux (9)

S(x) Radiation from a plasma column (248)

S(w ) Radiation flux density

D S(w ) Energy radiated per unit volume per unit time

T Temperature

T_A(T_C)Temperature of the anode (cathode)(6)

T_R Cesium reservoir temperature (38)

T_Cs Temperature corresponding to cesium vapor pressure

T_e Electron temperature

T_eA(T_eC)Electron temperature near the anode (cathode)(l0)

T_c Cold junction temperature (1)

T_h Hot junction temperature (1)

T_i Ion temperature

T_l Characteristic temperature for Z—level population (254)

t Time

u Barrier potential distribution in the Schottky effect (25)

u_e u_i Dimensionless electron (ion) mobility (271)

u₁ Potential of an applied electric field (25)

u₂ Potential energy of mirror image force (25)

V Voltage

V Volume

D V Contact potential difference (24)

V Dimensionless potential (49, 168, 271)

V_A Dimensionless anode sheath drop (271)

D V_A Change in the anode potential barrier due to the passage of current (269)

V_B Height of a potential barrier (5)

V_C Change in the cathode potential barrier due to the passage of current (269)

V_TA(V_TC)Equilibrium potential barrier near the anode (cathode) (269)

V_L Load voltage (3)

V_d Diode voltage drop (47)

V_d^O Gap voltage drop at extinction (331)

V_ex Extinction voltage (7)

V_ig Ignition voltage (7)

V_m Maximum of space charge potential distribution (47)

V_O^’ Probe floating potential (222)

V_OC Open circuit voltage (278)

V_P Probe potential (224)

V_P Dimensionless plasma drop (271)

V_qn Potential drop in quasi-neutral region of sheath (231)

V_sc Potential drop in space charge sheath (231)

v Velocity

@v_a Average velocity of atoms in their own vapor (29)

v_a v_b Velocities of particles a and b before collision (55)

v_a^’ v_b^’ Velocities of particles a and b after collision (55)

v_c Velocity of center of mass (55)

v_d Drift velocity (350)

v_de(v_di) Electron (ion) drift velocity (109)

v_da(v_dm)Atom (molecule) drift velocity

v_e(v_i) Electron (ion) velocity (380)

@v_i Velocity component perpendicular to a barrier (21)

v_x Velocity in the x-direction (49)

W Potential barrier for valence electrons of a metal (20)

W Dimensionless electron heat flux (271)

W_k,ion Rate of ionization from level k (127)

W_kl Rate of transition between levels k and 1 (126)

W_mkme Probability for absorption with transition from level in to level m_k (70)

W_memk^sp Probability for spontaneous transition from level in to level m_k (70)

W_mkme^st Probability for stimulated transition from level in to level m_k (70)

w_a Probability for desorption as an atom (33)

w_i⁺ Probability for desorption as an ion (33)

w_k Probability for desorption of an atom in the k^th excited state (34)

w_k, ionProbability of ionization from level k (124)

w_k,l Probability of excitation from levels k to 1 (124)

w_lk^(ph)Probability for photon emission from the plasma

w Distance (25)

w_m Position of space charge potential maximum (47)

w_O Distance to the potential maximum (25)

x Distance (49)

x_m Distance (49)

z Charge on the nucleus

z_a Partition function for particle a (16, 121)

z_kl Rate of transfer of atomic electrons from the k^th to the l^th level per unit volume per unit time

zT Dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (16)

a Thermoelectric emf (16)

a Collisions recombination coefficient

a Accommodation coefficient (27)

a Fine structure constant (73)

a Ion to electron cathode emission ratio (380)

a _k Coefficient for collisions recombination to level k (125)

a _n a _p Seebeck coefficients (1)

b Dimensionless patch coefficient (25)

b Radiative recombination coefficient

b Angle defined on page 57

b Dimensionless spacing (272)

b Anomalous-Schottky-effect coefficient (300)

b _eff Effective recombination coefficient (130)

b _k Coefficient for optical recombination to level k (123)

G Net rate of ionization-recombination (126)

G _ion Rate of ionization

G _rec Rate of recombination

G _(z) Gamma function (75)

g Dimensionless relaxation ratio (5.5.16)

g _e g _i Dimensionless coefficients for electron and ion currents from the plasma (7.l.30)(7.l.26)

g m _,k,k Transport coefficient corrections due to electron-electron collisions (96)

g _o Spectral line half width (76)

g _o Dimensionless drift velocity parameter in (6.2.14) for ions to the plasma boundary

D _l Quantum defect (69)

d (x) Degree of deviation from ionization equilibrium (356)

d (w ,x)Radiant flux (142)

e Effective system thermal emissivity (9)

e _A(e _C)Emissivity of the anode (cathode) (9)

h Efficiency (5)

h Viscosity (289)

h _max Maximum efficiency along a volt-ampere characteristic (9)

h _C Carnot efficiency (4)

q Relative coverage of a surface by adsorbed atoms (32)

q _o Scattering angle in center of mass system (55)

k Thermal conductivity (16)

k _a Atomic thermal conductivity (294)

k _e Electron thermal conductivity

k _ea Thermal conductivity due to electron-atom collisions

k _ei Thermal conductivity due to electron-ion collisions

k _i Ion thermal conductivity (349)

l _lk Emission wavelength (146)

m Chemical potential (16, 168)

m _A Plasma chemical potential near the anode (269)

m _C Plasma chemical potential near the cathode (269)

m _e Electron mobility (88)

m _ea Electron mobility with electron-atom collisions

m _ea Electron mobility with electron-ion collisions

m _i Ion mobility (171)

n Dimensionless density (271)

n _ab Collision frequency for particles a and b (112)

n _k Level population relative to equilibrium (135)

n _kl Frequency of photon from transition from levels k to 1 (69)

n _pl Plasma frequency (221)

x Dimensionless distance variable (49, 271)

x _D Dimensionless distance (168, 380)

x _d Dimensionless spacing (381)

x ₀ Dimensionless distance (49)

P _A Peltier coefficient for the anode (24)

P _C Peltier coefficient for the cathode (23)

r Space charge density (179)

r (w ) Density of electromagnetic radiation (70)

S Total scattering cross section

S _p Momentum transfer cross section

s Stefan-Boltzmann constant (9)

s Electrical conductivity (16)

s Differential scattering cross section (56)

s ₀ Ionization cross section (139)

t Mean free time (56)

t Ratio of anode to cathode temperature

t _E Energy relaxation time (57, 186)

t _e t _iDimensionless electron (ion) temperature (271)

t _i Effective time for ionization

t _p Momentum relaxation time (57)

t _E^ab Energy relaxation time for collisions between particles a and b (108)

t _Q^ab Effective energy exchange time for collisions between particles a and b (108)

t _{0 1} Time for excitation to the resonance level

f Work function (170)

@f Average work function of patches (26)

D f Charge in work function due to adsorbed species (31)

D f Reduction of the work function due to the Schottky effect (25)

f _A(f _C)Anode (cathode) work function

f _Ba Work function of pure barium (47)

f _int Surface coverage function defined by equation 2.9.5 (39)

f _max Maximum work function of patches (26)

f _min Minimum work function of patches (26)

f _O Vacuum (bare) work function (31)

y Dimensionless potential

y _A(y _C, y ₀)Dimensionless anode (cathode, diode) potential drop

y Ordinary potential, defined on page 48

D y Change in sheath potential drop compared to equilibrium

y _A(y _C, y ₀)Potential drop across the anode (cathode, diode)

y _T Equilibrium sheath potential drop

W _lk Emission line width (144)

dW dW ₀Element of solid angle (56)

w Frequency

w _c Cyclotron frequency (85)

w _kl Radiation angular frequency (2p n ) in the discrete spectra (69)

w _p Plasma frequency

D w _t Total line broadening (251)

w _th Continuum threshold frequency (255)

Hosted by www.Geocities.ws