Chronicle of Muslims history in India under British rule by A.R.
If we take our inspiration and guidance from the Holy Quran, the final victory, I once again say, will be ours. Do not be overwhelmed by the enormity of the task. You only have to develop the spirit of the Mujahids. You are a nation whose history is replete with people of wonderful character and heroism. Live up to your traditions and add to another chapter of glory. All I require of you now is that everyone must vow to himself and be prepared to sacrifice his all, in building up Pakistan as a bulwark of Islam and as one of the greatest nations whose ideal is peace within and peace without. Islam enjoins on every Mussulman to give protection to his neighbors and to minorities regardless of caste and creed.・ -Quaid e Azam (Great Leader) speaks at rally at the University Stadium, Lahore, October 30, 1947.
My friend, Pakistan holds the key to the liberation of the entire Islamic World. - Quad e Azam, Punjab 1946
History of Indian Muslims
1799 - Defeat of Tippu Sultan, the last free Muslim ruler, by the British and Hindu alliance at Seringapatam
1857 - Revolt by Hindus and Muslims against British, the last Mughal emperor Sultan Bahadur Shah Zafar spiritual leader of the revolution. The revolt is crushed. Consequence: British singly blame Muslims for rebellion, hence Muslims target of continuing degradation by British, not allowed high paying jobs, not allowed education.
1885 - Sir Sayyed Ahmad Khan founds Aligarh University to raise educational, political consciousness of Muslims. Does not allow Muslims to enter poltics as Muslims not politically mature, not ready for indepenedence. Death in 1898 (rahmat allah alayh).
1906-1916 - Muslim league formed, which becomes single political voice for Muslims of India
1916-1921 - Muslim league loses power and influence because of Khalifat agitation supported by Hindu leader Ghandi. Reactionism to British, European attack on the Islamic Ottoman State in Turkey. Muslims not politically ready, manipulated by Hindu Congress to fight British. Muslims bear brunt of political, social, cultural, and physical punishment. Muslims of India lack voice and lose faith as a result of brutal reprisals by British. Many Muslims perform hijrat to Afghanistan.
1934- Hindu Congress party gained preeminence and monopolizes influence after Khalifat movement failure and fall of Muslim league. Hindus benefit from Muslim failed struggle against British. Many Muslims disenfranchised, turn to Congress Party.
1934-1935- Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the savior of the Indian Muslims, enters Indian politics as head of Muslim league. First tries to preach Hindu-Muslim unity, but realizes the task is impossible. Political realization that Muslims cannot benefit from Hindu rule. Conclusion: The Muslims and Hindus two distinct antagonistic nations which cannot live together. The Hindus will oppress and destroy Muslim identity and political influence. Hindu Congress refuses tor recognize the new Muslim league as the voice of the Muslims of India.
We say this is the flag of Islam. They think we are introducing religion into politics- a fact of which we are proud. Islam gives us complete code. It is not only religion but it contains laws, philosophy and politics. It contains everything that matters to a man from morning to night. -Quad e Azam, Sept address
1938 - Muslim league reenters politics and openly rejects Indian federation. Wants proper Muslim representation, safeguards, and self-rule for the Muslims of India. Hindu Congress Party attempts to appease Muslims by selecting puppet Muslim officers (ex. Abul Kalam Azad). Congress wishes to marginalize Muslim league and Muslim influence.
1940 - March. The famous Lahore Resolution is passed calling for Muslim self-rule and laying the foundation for Muslim state of Pakistan.
1940 - British recognize Muslim league as voice of Muslims of India. Ghandi tries to destroy Muslim league support base, Hindus become violently opposed to Muslim league.
I find no parallel in history for a body of converts and their descendants claiming to be a nation apart from the parent stock. -Ghandi, letter to Quaid e Azam
1941 - May. National Defense Council formed by Viceroy. Muslim rulers of the states of Punjab, Bengal, and Assam invited. Purpose to sideline Muslim League influence. Quaid e Azam convinces Muslim leaders to avoid offer and back Muslim league.
1942 - Congress Party Non-Cooperation policy with the British during World War 2 on condition of immediate independence and no independent Muslim state to be allowed from India. Ghandi's August Revolution is based on this principle. Ghandi jailed for threatening revolt if independence is not achieved immediately. Muslims of India attach no conditions to British, but ask for the decision to be delayed at an appropriate time after the war so a just consensus and fair agreement can be reached.
1942-1946 - Congress does not recognize Pakistan. British force formation of Pakistan by the pressure of the Muslims of India. British move up date of partition to force Pakistan to scramble to form. No army supply base in new Pakistan, although India has many. Muslim lands cheated from Muslims by British-Hindu complicity: Firozpur, Kashmir, Jammu. Massive immigration of Muslims to India escaping Hindu mobs and murder. 1 million innocent Muslims murdered, mostly children, elderly, and women.
Pakistan would wither, and at some future date, be driven by economic necessity to return to the greater India. - British Viceroy of India, Mountbatten
1947 - Muslims realize goal of freedom from British or Hindu rule.
1947-1948 - India invades Pakistani Kashmir with complicity of British. Pakistan defends territorial integrity, but Muslim Jammu and Kashmir is occupied by India.
You will never be able to destroy that culture which we have inherited, the Islamic culture, and the spirit will live, is going to live, and has lived. You may overpower us, you may oppress us: you may do your worst. But we have now made the grim resolve that we shall go down if we have to go, fighting. - Quaid e azam to Congress party, 1939
1949 - Quaid e Azam, the greatest of the Indian Muslims, dies (rahmat allah alayh)
Gandhi died by the hands of an assassin; Jinnah died by his devotion to Pakistan. - Pethick Lawrence, the former Secretary of State for British India
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Recommended Reading and Media:
My leader (Jinnah) An estimate of Mr. Jinnah's work for Indian Mussalmans by Zia ud Din Suleri, Lion Press - Hospital Road, Lahore, 1946
Search Youtube or Google video: Jinnah movie.