TARİH SÜMER'DE Mİ BAŞLAR? |
Yakınlarda elimize geçen
bir kitap gerçekten bizi çok düşündürdü. Kitabın ismi
"Kitab-ı Mukaddes ve Kur'an-ı Kerîm'in Sümerdeki
Kökeni". Kitap Muazzez İlmiye Çığ hanım tarafından
yazılmış. Kitabın temel amacı kutsal oduğunu bildiğimiz ve
inandığımız metinlerin vahyî olmayıp kopye usulü ile
başka kaynaklardan bir derleme olduğu görüşünü aşılamaya
çalışıyor.
Muazzez hanımın daha önceki çeviri çalışması olan
"Tarih Sümer'de Başlar" adlı kitaptan esinlenerek
yazılmış. Kitabın inanca saldırıcı bir tavırla
yazılmış olması çok üzücü.
Şu an yapılacak şey 3 büyük din hakkındaki bu ön
kabullerin yanlışlığını ortaya koymak.
ESKİ
AHİT
Hz.
Musa'ya atfedilen Tevrat maalesef ona ait değildir. Bu
herhalukarda bellidir.
"...uzun
zamandır biliniyor ki Musa şu an elimizde bulunan Tevrat'ın
yazarı değildir." D.J.A. Clines, 10,s.580
Yahudîler'in
istediklerinde elele verip kendi Allah adına ayet yazmaları
bilim adamlarınca sabittir. Şu anki bilim adamları Tevrat
metinlerinin oluşumunu "Döküman Hipotezi" ile
açıklıyorlar. Döküman Hipotezine göre
R.E. Friedman, "İncil'i Kim Yazdı?"
HarperCollins, (1997), s. 246-247.
Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de çoğu
inançsız insanın dikkatinden kaçan bir husus var Hz. İbrahim'in zamanında Mezopotamya ovasında, Orta ve Doğu Anadolu'da yaşayan birçok kavim, göğe ve yıldızlara tapıyorlardı. En büyük tanrıları Ay tanrısı "Sin" idi. Ay tanrısı uzun sakallı ve elbisesinin üzerinde hilal şeklinde ay bulunan bir insan suretinde canlandırılıyordu. Ayrıca bu kavimler bu tanrılara ait birçok kabartma resim ve heykelcik yapıyor ve bunlara tapınıyordu. Oldukça yaygın olan bu inanç, özellikle Yakındoğu'da kendisine oldukça uygun bir yaşam sahası bulmuş ve bu sayede uzun zaman varlığını sürdürmüştü.
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Kuş'un soyundan gelen Babil'in kurucusu Nemrut, Hz. İbrahim'i ateşe atmakla tehdit etmişti. Nitekim Hz. İbrahim'i dininden çevirememişti. Olay Talmud'ta ve Kur'an-ı Kerî'de anlatılır. Nemrut'un ismi Nin-Marad'dan gelir. Bu "Marad Şehrinin Rabb'i" demektir ki Nemrut'un kendini bir tanrı saydığını Kur'an-ı Kerîm'den öğreniyoruz.
Tevrat'a Ait Doğru Bilgiler
Arasında Soy Şecereleri De Vardır.
Hz.Nuh'un üç oğlu Ham, Sam
ve Yafes hadislerde de geçer. Hz.Nuh'un bu üç oğlundan şu
milletler gelir.
Yafes'in Yedi Oğlu
Gomer, Mecüc, Maday, Yavan, Tubal, Meşeç, ve Tiras.’
Gomer'den Galatyalılar, Flavius Josephus'a göre çünkü buranın insanları (M.Ö. 93) yıllarında Gomerit diye çağırırlarmış.1
Sonra Fransa'ya ve İspanya'ya göçtüler ki Fransa yıllarca Gaul diye çağrılırdı. Gomerin neslinden gelen Gaul. Kuzey-batı İspanya bugün hala Galişya diye çağrılmaktadır.
Some of the Gomerites migrated further to what is now called Wales. The Welsh historian, Davis, records a traditional Welsh belief that the descendants of Gomer ‘landed on the Isle of Britain from France, about three hundred years after the flood’.2 He also records that the Welsh language is called Gomeraeg (after their ancestor Gomer).
Other members of their clan settled along the way, including in Armenia. The sons of Gomer were ‘Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah’ (Genesis 10:3). Encyclopaedia Britannica says that the Armenians traditionally claim to be descended from Togarmah and Ashkenaz.3 Ancient Armenia reached into Turkey. The name Turkey probably comes from Togarmah. Others of them migrated to Germany. Ashkenaz is the Hebrew word for Germany.
The next grandson mentioned is Magog. According to Ezekiel, Magog lived in the north parts (Ezekiel 38:15, 39:2). Josephus records that those whom he called Magogites, the Greeks called Scythians.1 According to Encyclopædia Britannica, the ancient name for the region which now includes part of Romania and the Ukraine was Scythia.4
The next grandson is Madai. Along with Shem’s son Elam, Madai is the ancestor of our modern-day Iranians. Josephus says that the descendants of Madai were called Medes by the Greeks.1 Every time the Medes are mentioned in the Old Testament, the word used is the Hebrew word Madai (maday). After the time of Cyrus, the Medes are always (with one exception) mentioned along with the Persians. They became one kingdom with one law — ‘the law of the Medes and Persians’ (Daniel 6:8, 12, 15). Later they were simply called Persians. Since 1935 they have called their country Iran. The Medes also ‘settled India’.5
The name of the next grandson, Javan, is the Hebrew word for Greece. Greece, Grecia, or Grecians appears five times in the Old Testament, and is always the Hebrew word Javan. Daniel refers to ‘the king of Grecia’ (Daniel 8:21), literally ‘the king of Javan’. Javan’s sons were Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim (Genesis 10:4), all of whom have connections with the Greek people. The Elysians (an ancient Greek people) obviously received their name from Elishah. Tarshish or Tarsus was located in the region of Cilicia (modern Turkey).
Encyclopædia Britannica says that Kittim is the biblical name for Cyprus.6 The Greeks worshipped Jupiter under the name of Jupiter Dodanaeus, possibly a reference to the fourth son of Javan, with Jupiter a derivative of Japheth. His oracle was at Dodena.
Next is Tubal. Ezekiel mentions him along with Gog and Meshech (Ezekiel 39:1). Tiglath-pileser I, king of Assyria in about 1100 BC, refers to the descendants of Tubal as the Tabali. Josephus recorded their name as the Thobelites, who were later known as Iberes.1
‘Their land, in Josephus’ day, was called by the Romans Iberia, and covered what is now (the former Soviet State of) Georgia whose capital to this day bears the name Tubal as Tbilisi. From here, having crossed the Caucasus mountains, this people migrated due north-east, giving their tribal name to the river Tobol, and hence to the famous city of Tobolsk.’7
Meshech, the name of the next grandson, is the ancient name for Moscow. Moscow is both the capital of Russia, and the region that surrounds the city. To this day, one section, the Meschera Lowland, still carries the name of Meshech, virtually unchanged by the ages.
According to Josephus, the descendants of grandson Tiras were called Thirasians. The Greeks changed their name to Thracians.1 Thrace reached from Macedonia on the south to the Danube River on the north to the Black Sea on the east. It took in much of what became Yugoslavia. World Book Encyclopedia says: ‘The people of Thrace were savage Indo-Europeans, who liked warfare and looting.’8 Tiras was worshipped by his descendants as Thuras, or Thor, the god of thunder.
Ham'ın Dört Oğlu:
Kuş, Mizraim, Fut, ve Kenan.
The descendants of Ham live mainly in south-west Asia and Africa. The Bible often refers to Africa as the land of Ham (Psalms 105:23,27; 106:22). The name of Noah’s grandson Cush is the Hebrew word for old Ethiopia (from Aswan south to Khartoum). Without exception, the word Ethiopia in the English Bible is always a translation of the Hebrew word Cush. Josephus rendered the name as Chus, and says that the Ethiopians ‘are even at this day, both by themselves and by all men in Asia, called Chusites’.9
Noah’s next grandson mentioned was Mizraim. Mizraim is the Hebrew word for Egypt. The name Egypt appears hundreds of times in the Old Testament and (with one exception) is always a translation of the word Mizraim. E.g. at the burial of Jacob, the Canaanites observed the mourning of the Egyptians and so called the place Abel Mizraim (Genesis 50:11).
Phut, the name of Noah’s next grandson is the Hebrew name for Libya. It is so translated three times in the Old Testament. The ancient river Phut was in Libya. By Daniel’s day, the name had been changed to Libya (Daniel 11:43). Josephus says, ‘Phut also was the founder of Libia [sic], and called the inhabitants Phutites, from himself’.9
Canaan, the name of Noah’s next grandson, is the Hebrew name for the general region later called by the Romans Palestine, i.e. modern Israel and Jordan. Here we should look briefly at a few of the descendants of Ham (Genesis 10:14–18). There is Philistim, obviously the ancestor of the Philistines (clearly giving rise to the name Palestine), and Sidon, the founder of the ancient city that bears his name, and Heth, the patriarch of the ancient Hittite empire. Also, this descendant is listed in Genesis 10:15–18 as being the ancestor of the Jebusites (Jebus was the ancient name for Jerusalem — Judges 19:10), the Amorites, the Girgasites, the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites, ancient peoples who lived in the land of Canaan.
The most prominent descendant of Ham was Nimrod, the founder of Babel (Babylon), as well as of Erech, Accad and Calneh in Shinar (Babylonia).
Sam'ın Beş Oğlu:
Elam, Asşur, Arfakşad, Lud, ve Aram.
Elam is the ancient name for Persia, which is itself the ancient name for Iran. Until the time of Cyrus the people here were called Elamites, and they were still often called that even in New Testament times. In Acts 2:9, the Jews from Persia who were present at Pentecost were called Elamites. The Persians are thus descended from both Elam, the son of Shem, and from Madai, the son of Japheth (see above). Since the 1930s they have called their country Iran.
It is interesting to note that the word ‘Aryan’, which so fascinated Adolf Hitler, is a form of the word ‘Iran’. Hitler wanted to produce a pure Aryan ‘race’ of supermen. But the very term ‘Aryan’ signifies a mixed line of Semites and Japhethites!
Asshur is the Hebrew word for Assyria. Assyria was one of the great ancient empires. Every time the words Assyria or Assyrian appear in the Old Testament, they are translated from the word Asshur. He was worshipped by his descendants.
‘Indeed, as long as Assyria lasted, that is until 612 BC, accounts of battles, diplomatic affairs and foreign bulletins were daily read out to his image; and every Assyrian king held that he wore the crown only with the express permission of Asshur’s deified ghost.’10
Arphaxad was the progenitor of the Chaldeans. This ‘is confirmed by the Hurrian (Nuzi) tablets, which render the name as Arip-hurra — the founder of Chaldea.’11 His descendant, Eber, gave his name to the Hebrew people via the line of Eber-Peleg-Reu-Serug-Nahor-Terah-Abram (Genesis 11:16–26). Eber’s other son, Joktan, had 13 sons (Genesis 10:26–30), all of whom appear to have settled in Arabia.12
Lud was the ancestor of the Lydians. Lydia was in what is now Western Turkey. Their capital was Sardis — one of the seven churches of Asia was at Sardis (Revelation 3:1).
Aram is the Hebrew word for Syria. Whenever the word Syria appears in the Old Testament it is a translation of the word Aram. The Syrians call themselves Arameans, and their language is called Aramaic. Before the spread of the Greek Empire, Aramaic was the international language (2 Kings 18:26 ff). On the cross, when Jesus cried out, ‘Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani’ (Mark 15:34),13 He was speaking Aramaic, the language of the common people.
References
Josephus: Complete Works, Kregal Publications, Grand Rapids, Michigan, ‘Antiquities of the Jews’, 1:6:1 (i.e. book 1, chapter 6, section 1). Geri
J. Davis, History of the Welsh Baptists from the Year Sixty-three to the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy, D.M. Hogan, Pittsburgh, 1835, republished by The Baptist, Aberdeen, Mississippi, p. 1, 1976. Geri
Encyclopædia Britannica, 2:422, 1967. Geri
Encyclopædia Britannica, 20:116, 1967. Geri
A.C. Custance, Noah’s Three Sons, Vol.1, ‘The Doorway Papers’, Zondervan, Michigan, p. 92, 1975. Geri
Encyclopædia Britannica 3:332, 1992. Geri
Bill Cooper, After the Flood, New Wine Press, Chichester, England, p. 203, 1995. Geri
World Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 18, p. 207, 1968. Geri
Ref. 1, 1:6:2. Geri
Ref. 7, p. 170. Geri
Ref. 7, p. 172. Geri
Ref. 5, p. 117. Geri
Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 quote the Aramaic form of Psalm 22:1, but Matthew reconverted Eloi to the Hebrew Eli. Geri
For example, we made no attempt here to trace the origins of the Chinese. For evidence on this subject see ‘The original, "unknown" God of China’, Creation 20(3):50–54, 1998.