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ARTICLES :

There are two Articles - a (or an) and the
"A" or "An" is called Indefinite Article because it usually leaves indefinite the person or thing spoken of; as,
A doctor; that means any doctor.

"The" is called Definite Article because it is normally points out some particular person or thing.
He say the doctor; meaning some particular doctor.

Uses of Indefininte Article :

The Indefinite Article is used before singular countable nouns : a book, an orange, a girl The choice between a and an is determined by sound.
An	A
Before a word begining with a Vowel sound, an is used.	Before a word begining with a Consonant sound, a is used.
an (not 'a' ) before "a/ e/ i/o/u".
Also *an hour* { 'h' is not pronouce: an (h)our }	But *a university* pronounce: (Yuniversity)
Do you want an apple or a banana? I am going to buy a hat and an umrella. There was an interesting program on T.V. last night.

Rules for using Indefininte Article :

Rules	Examples
Rule 1:In its original numerical sense of one. a = one thing or a person	Twelve inches make a foot. Can I ask a question?
Rule 2:When we say what a thing or a person is.	The sun is a star. Dallas is a city in Texas.
Rule 3:Indefinite Article is used for a job.	I am a Dentist. He is an Engineer.

Uses Defininte Article :

We use The when it is clear which thing or a person we mean.
It can be used before singular countable nouns, plural countable
nouns and uncountable nouns.

The book, The books, The milk.

Rules for using Defininte Article :

Rules	Examples
Rule 1: Deinite Article is used before a particular thing or a thing referred earlier or later.	I have a car and a bike. *The* bike is working but *the* car is creating some problem.
Rule 2: When a singular noun is meant to represent a whole class.	*The* rose is the sweetest of all flowers.
Rule 3: Before some pronouns	Oceans and seas e.g. *the* Pacific Rivers e.g. *the* River Indus Canals e.g. *the* Suez Canal Deserts e.g. *the* Sahara Desert Group of islands e.g. *the* West Indies Mountain-ranges e.g. *the* Himalayas
Rule 4: Deifnite Article is used before few country names that include words like republic and kingdom.	*the* Irish republic, *the* United Kingdom
Rule 5: Before the names of Authentic books.	*the* Holy Quran, *the* Bible, *the* Ramayan
Rule 6: Before the names of things unique of their kind.	*the* sun, *the* sky, *the* ocean, *the* sea
Rule 7: Before a proper noun when it is qualified by an adjective or a defining adjectival clause.	*the* immortal Shakespeare, *the* great caesar.
Rule 8: With superlative degrees of adjective.	*The* darkest cloud has a silver lining. He is *the* best cricketer of the world.
Rule 9: With Ordinals. Note: Use omission or zero article If ordinal is used alone.	He was *the* first man to arrive. She was first in her class.
Rule 10: Before Musical Instrument	*the* piano, *the* flute, *the* guitar
Rule 11: Before an adjective when noun is understood.	*the* rich, *the* poor, *the* unemployed *the* unmarriaged
Rule 12: As an adverb with comparatives.	*The* higher you go, *the* cooler it gets.
Rule 13: Before context known to both reader and writer.	Here comes *the* teacher! (teacher known to the class or our teacher) Turn on *the* light. (there is only one light)

Rules for the Omission of Articles :

Rules	Examples
Rule 1: Before names of substance and abstract nouns (uncountable nouns) used in a general sense. *Note:* Uncountable nouns take the* when used in a particular sense (especially when qualified by an adjective)*	Gold is precious metal. Honesty is the best policy. Sugar is bad for your teeth. Would you pass me the sugar? (the sugar on the table)
Rule 2: Before Plural countable nouns used in a general sense. *Note:* These nouns take the when they are particularized.	Children like chocolates. Where are the children? (Our Children)
Rule 3: Before most proper nouns except those referred earlier.	Name of people e.g. Suhail, Ali etc Name of continents e.g. Asia Name of cities e.g. Karachi Name of Individual lakes, Individual Mountains, Individual islands, Individual hills etc.
Rule 4: Before names of relations.	Father has returned. Aunts wants you to see her. Cook has given notice. (our cook)
Rule 5: Before names of meals used in a general sense. *Note:* We use a when there is an adjective before meals and the when we specify them.	What time do you have dinner? I had a late luch today. The dinner we had at the Hotel was very nice.
Rule 6: Before Languages.	She speaks English. They speak Punjabi.
Rule 7: Before school, college, church, bed, table, hospital, market, prison when these places are visited or used for their primary purpose. *Note:* The is used with these words when we refer to them as a definite place, bilding, or object rather than to the normail activity that goes on there.	I learnt English at school. They go to church on Sundays. He stay in bed till nine. My uncle is in hospital. *The* school is near to my house *The* bed is broken.
Rule 8: Before predicative nouns denoting a unique position i.e. a position that is normally held at one time by person only.	He was elected chairman of the Board.
Rule 9: With plural nouns after be.	Most of my friends are students. Most of his brothers are teacher.

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