Revolution of 1800 -- Jefferson - common man finally triumphs - fulfillment
of the rhetoric of the Revolution - ideological arguments of patriotism
(Only right that Washington doesn't see it)
First president to be inaugurated in Washington DC
"We are all Republicans - We are all Federalists" - tried to soothe wounds
and reach across the isle to the other party
Jefferson got rid of much of the pomp of the presidency and tried to make
it less monarchical
"When brought together in society, all are perfectly equal." (how ironic,
considering the slaves Jefferson owned)
Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
Adams appointed a number of "midnight appointments" to different judicial
offices just before he left office
Marbury - appointed to justice of the peace of Washington DC, but his appointment
is not delivered
New Secretary of State James Madison is directed to withhold the appointment
paperwork
Marbury then sued the government for a court order directing Madison to
deliver the paperwork
John Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and a staunch Federalist,
wrote the Court's opinion
Marbury was entitled to the appointment
Supreme Court really could not hear the case
Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789, which gave the court jurisdiction,
was unconstitutional, because the Court only had original jurisdiction
in cases involving states or foreign ambassadors.
Importance of the case: Supreme court can declare a federal law to
be unconstitutional (Judicial Review)
Jefferson's Domestic Reforms
can not undo most of Hamilton's financial plan - must learn to live with
the national bank for now
will try to retire the federal debt by being frugal - no tax increases,
but rather decreased spending
decrease the size of the army (increased under Adams in the wake of the
XYZ Affair)
decrease size the navy to almost nothing
Major sources of revenue - tariff and sale of the western lands
Western lands would serve to help Jefferson's yeoman farmers
Pushed for ending the slave trade, not to help slaves, but to hurt planters.
Jefferson's Foreign Affairs
Louisiana Purchase - France and Napoleon
Rise of Napoleon in 1799 brings war with England again
Napoleon determined to restore order then conquer Europe
1802 - Spanish governor once again closes New Orleans - Spanish sign a
secret treaty with France to give back Louisiana in 1803 - Napoleon wants
his American Empire back
1803 - Jefferson sends American representatives to Paris to buy New Orleans
French representatives of Napoleon shock the Americans by offering them
all of Louisiana - Napoleon needed money for his European exploits and
the rebellion of slaves in Haiti showed Napoleon that he didn't really
want any business in North America
Purchase price -- $15 million - one of the greatest bargains in history
New England votes against the purchase, with the lone exception of J. Q
Adams
Trouble with Britain and Impressment - back to Jay's treaty - never stopped
Impressment
throughout Jefferson's terms, the French and English were at war
1807 - embargo by US against Britain over impressment
between 1807 and 1812 - over 2500 American sailors taken by British navy
Jefferson almost called for war - guess he shouldn't have cut the military
budget to save money
The Embargo is a fiasco - it isolates New England (pro-British anyway)
from the rest of the country - the embargo hurt New England's economy in
a big way
Lewis and Clark - exploration of Louisiana
Burr and Hamilton in 1804 - Hamilton dies of a duel with Burr (dispute
had been over Burr being called a "dangerous man" in the newspapers by
Hamilton and losing the race for governor of New York - Vice President
flees to the South, but later returns to preside over the Senate - Burr's
political career is ruined, but he escapes Murder charges
Burr Conspiracy, Jefferson and Marshall
Marshall and Jefferson - Marshall takes up where Hamilton left off, but
Marshall is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and is in a position
to enforce Federalist doctrines long after Jefferson is gone and long after
his party no longer has any hope of winning the presidency. - Marshall
will seek to limit Jefferson's power by using a strict interpretation of
the constitution
Embargo, Impressment and the drift towards war with England
Elections of 1808 and 1812 - Madison and the Virginia
Dynasty
War of 1812
quest for neutrality
War Hawks and Canada - Henry Clay and American Nationalism --
Indians and the War
Tippacanoe - William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh
Burning Washington DC
Fort McHenry (Baltimore), Francis Scott Key
Star Spangled Banner
Oh say can you see, by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hail at the twilight's last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night, that our flag was still there.
Oh, say does that star spangled banner yet wave,
Over the land of the free and the home of the brave?
Battle of New Orleans - Jackson
Hartford Convention and New England Secession
Treaty of Ghent - previous boundaries restored, prisoners returned and
fighting ended
US showed that it could handle itself (don't underestimate the defeat of
Napoleon as well)
Hartford Convention and "Mr. Madison's War" kill the Federalists -- note
-- the essay will probably come from heere