Part One – 1640s to 1676

Virginia (Southern Colonies)

1. Cash Crops – Tobacco, Rice and Indigo
2. Indentured Servitude – slowly disappearing
3. Tidewater vs. Backcountry

1. rich/poor
2. bring up the Revolution and the backcountry soldiers

1. Slavery picks up, but only in cash crop areas – will discuss in great detail later after 1676, but
2. Unequal representation in VA and SC (lowcountry vs. upstate)
3. Areas of "old money" and power (will remain mostly loyal to the crown – economic argument of the revolution)

1. Charleston, SC (lowcountry) – rice and indigo and sea-island cotton, along with trade
2. Tidewater of Virginia – tobacco – they owned much of the land, even in the backcountry due to the "headright system"

1. The Backcountry – use VA as the example

1. daily relations with the natives
2. settlers and ex-servants wanting land the natives possessed
3. problem: treaties signed with the tribes

1. 1676 – Bacon’s Rebellion

1. Nathaniel Bacon – 29 year old colonist in the backcountry who was able to weld the farmers into an army against two foes
2. natives for land and the push west
3. later turned on the planters in a class war: both for social/economic reasons and the action of the planters’ attempt to stop Bacon and his farmers from pushing west and antagonizing the natives
4. the rebellion raged throughout the summer
5. Mid September – Bacon enters Jamestown and burns the town
6. Late October – Bacon unexpectedly dies – probably dysentery – the people’s army disbands and its leaders are hung
7. Bacon’s rebellion turns the planters more conservative
8. Crown will take over Virginia and run the colony
9. In many ways, the lesson from Rome went unheeded. If Berkeley and the aristocracy would have listened to the backcountry, perhaps royal intervention could have been avoided.

Massachusetts (New England)

1. Since God had given Massachusetts to the Puritans

1. any dissention is dissention against God and can not be tolerated

• rest of the New England colonies will be started by people who left Massachusetts -- Rhode Island (Hutchinson and Williams)
• God will punish the wicked -- by 1676 the flock had strayed (Declension -- Perry Miller)

1. Religious Dissent – Heretics in Rhode Island and Plymouth
2. Half-way Covenant (1640s-1650s)
3. King Philip's War -- Metacomet (1676) – brings more royal control
4. Dominion of New England (1688-91) – even after the dominion, the political situation is never the same, as local control is wrested from the colonists. Massachusetts becomes a royal colony and the new charter will remain in England. The legacy of local autonomy will remain, but the crown will now have a final say. Rhode Island is even given its own charter.
5. Salem Witch Trials (1692-93) – breaks the power of the church – 19 die at Salem and the witchcraft frenzy threatens to engulf the colony. When the governor’s wife is accused, however, the madness stops.

1. After Salem, the power of the Congregationalist Church is forever broken. It’s leaders will help formulate policy in Massachusetts for years to come, but the CIVIL will take over God’s community
2. THE PROFANE THE CIVIL AND THE GODLY
3. Civil will take hold – PURITANS TO YANKEES
4. New England will always carry the idea of a "city on a hill" and some of its Puritan heritage, but not its theocracy.

29 October 2001

Outline

1. Quiz #1
2. Questions on the South 1640 to 1676?
3. Thesis Statements and Questions
4. On to New England

1. Perry Miller and Declention
2. Half Way Covenant
3. King Phillip
4. Dominion
5. Salem

1. Power of the Church forever broken
2. The profane, the civil and the godly
3. Puritans to Yankees

Notes

1. Declention in the New Jerusalem

1. Religious Dissent – Heretics in Rhode Island
2. Half-Way Covenant (1640s and 1650s)
3. King Phillip’s War – 1676 – Metacomet’s War brings more royal control
4. Dominion of New England – 1684 to 1691 – response by Charles II to violations in the Navigation Acts – excuse like Bacon’s Rebellion – One Super Colony – Anglican Church brought to Boston -- Governor Andros a hated man – Religious leaders like Increase and Cotton Mather decry the loss of their status and warn that this is God’s punishment for the Wicked – New Charter in 1691 will incorporate Plymouth, thereby ending the Separatist experiment, but will remain in England, a blow to local control. The Crown will now appoint a royal governor. Local town meeting and the legislature will remain, but the Crown now has a final say (important for 1770 – Boston Massacre). Heretics in Rhode Island now given a charter. Andros gone – new Englanders need someone else to hate, they found him a few miles north of Boston. Apparently, Satan had taken up residence in Salem.
5. Salem Witch Trials (1692 to 1693) – What starts out as a way of a few girls getting some attention for themselves turns into a frenzied witch-hunt. 19 die at Salem and the fever threatens to engulf the colony. When the governor’s wife is accused, however, the madness stops. What kind of women were accused?

Quiz #1 – Southern Colonies 1640 to 1676

1. Planters in the Tidewater of Virginia or the Lowcountry of South Carolina wanted what above all from the natives? (Peace)
2. What percentage of the South will own slaves by 1860? (2 percent)
3. A new theory on slavery was developed during the 1650s and 1660s by planters to help maintain the support of farmers. Name this theory. (Mudsill Theory)
4. Explain in your own Words the theory from question #3
5. A rebellion of farmers broke out in 1676 in Virginia. Name the young farmer who led the rebellion.