PHRASEOLOGIES
18. TRAFFIC ALERT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (TCAS)

Circumstances

Phraseologies
* Denotes pilot transmission
1. Level Changes, Reports / Rates after modifying vertical speed to comply with a TCAS resolution advisory (pilot and controller interchange) a.* TCAS CLIMB (or DESCENT)

b. (acknowledgment)
after TCAS "Clear of Conflict" is annunciated (pilot and controller interchange) c.* RETURNING TO (assigned clearance)

d. (acknowledgment) (or alternative instructions)
after the response to a TCAS resolution advisory is completed (Pilot and Controller interchange) e.* TCAS CLIMB (or DESCENT), RETURNING TO (assigned clearance)

f. (acknowledgment) (or alternative instructions)
after returning to clearance after responding to a TCAS resolution advisory (Pilot and Controller interchange) g.* TCAS CLIMB (or DESCENT) COMPLETED (assigned clearance) RESUMED

h. (acknowledgment) (or alternative instructions)
when unable to comply with a clearance because of a TCAS resolution advisory (Pilot and Controller interchange) i.* UNABLE TO COMPLY, TCAS RESOLUTION ADVISORY

j. (acknowledgment)
19. STATUS OF RESTRICTED AIRSPACE

Circumstances

Phraseologies
* Denotes pilot transmission
When in use by the controlling authority •a. WARNING / RESTRICTED AIRSPACE (number) ACTIVE
followed by:
• CLEARANCE REQUIRED or
• CLEARANCE NOT AVAILABLE or
• ... (other qualification as appropriate)
When not in use by the controlling authority •b. WARNING / RESTRICTED AIRSPACE (number) RELEASED
followed by:
• AVAILABLE FOR TRANSIT
or
• AVAILABLE UNTIL TIME
(time) or
• ... (other qualification as
appropriate)
20. EMERGENCY DESCENT

Circumstances

Phraseologies
* Denotes pilot transmission
  a.* EMERGENCY DESCENT
(intentions)
  b. EMERGENCY DESCENT AT (significant point or location) ALL AIRCRAFT BELOW (level)
WITHIN (distance) OF
(significant point or navigation aid) [LEAVE IMMEDIATELY] [(specific instructions as to direction, heading or track, etc)]
21. SARTIME / SARWATCH

Circumstances

Phraseologies
* Denotes pilot transmission
1. SARTIME Advice •a.* SARTIME FOR DEPARTURE (or ARRIVAL) [location] (time)
2. Departure Reports
  • to initiate a SARWATCH when communication on the ground is not available.
 •a.* AIRBORNE (location)
3. Flight & Arrival Reports •a.* (position) CANCEL SARWATCH [ADVISE (unit) if appropriate]

•b. SARWATCH CANCELLED [WILCO (unit)]
  • form of acknowledgment to CANCEL SARWATCH
    		• •c. [location] SARWATCH TERMINATED
  • when the ATS unit accepting the arrival report is other than the unit addressed
    •      		•d. ROGER (identity of unit acknowledging)
    4. Amending SARTIME
  • amending a previously notified SARTIME

    if the unit to which arrival will be reported is different from that previously notified

    •      		•a.* AMENDED SARTIME IS (new SARTIME) TO (unit to which arrival will be reported)

    •b.* INSTEAD OF (unit previously notified)
    22. GENERAL PHRASES

    Circumstances

     Phraseologies
    * Denotes pilot transmission
    1. Description of levels
    (subsequently referred to as "(level)"    		 a. FLIGHT LEVEL (number) or

    b. (number) FEET
    2. Level Changes and Rates
  • when there is an expectation that the aircraft will maintain the level or to eliminate confusion, the instruction "AND MAINTAIN" shall be included
    •      		a. CLIMB (or DESCEND)
    followed as necessary by:

    (i) TO (level)

    (ii) TO AND MAINTAIN (level)

    (iii) TO REACH (level) AT
    (or BY) (time or significant
    point    )

    (iv) REPORT LEAVING (or
    REACHING or PASSING or
    APPROACHING) (level)

    (v) AT (number) FEET PER
    MINUTE [MINIMUM (or
    MAXIMUM)]
  • when rate is required to be in accordance with "STANDARD RATE" specifications
    		• (vi) AT STANDARD RATE

    b. STEP CLIMB (or DESCENT) (aircraft identification) ABOVE (or BENEATH) YOU

    c. REQUEST LEVEL CHANGE FROM (name of unit) AT (time or significant point)

    d. STOP CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (level)

    e. CONTINUE CLIMB (or DESCENT) TO [AND MAINTAIN] (level)

    f. EXPEDITE CLIMB (or DESCENT) [UNTIL PASSING (level)]

    g. EXPECT CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (time or location)
  • pilot requesting a change of level
    •      		h.* REQUEST CLIMB (or DESCENT) [AT (time or location)] [TO (level)]
    2. Level Changes and Rates (Cont.)
  • to require action at a specific time or place
    •      		i. IMMEDIATELY

    j. AFTER PASSING (significant point)

    k. AT (time or significant point)
  • to require action when convenient
    •      		l. WHEN READY(instruction)
  • when a pilot is unable to comply with a clearance or instruction
    •      		m.* UNABLE TO COMPLY
  • when a descent clearance is issued in relation to the DME steps
    •      		•n. DESCEND TO (level) NOT BELOW DME STEPS
  • when a pilot is assigned and required to maintain separation with a sighted aircraft
    		• •o. MAINTAIN SEPARATION WITH (or PASS BEHIND or FOLLOW) (aircraft type or identification) [instructions or restriction]
    3. Maintenance of Specified Levels

    Note: The term "MAINTAIN" must not to be used in lieu of "DESCEND" or "CLIMB" when instructing an aircraft to change level

    		 a. MAINTAIN (level) [TO (significant point)] [condition]
    4. Use of Block Levels •a.* REQUEST BLOCK LEVEL (level) TO (level)

    •b. CLEARED BLOCK (level) TO (level)
  • cancelling block level clearance
    •      		•c. CANCEL BLOCK CLEARANCE CLIMB (or DESCEND) TO AND MAINTAIN (level)
    5. Specification of Cruising Levels a. CROSS (significant point) AT (or ABOVE, or BELOW) (level)

    b. CROSS (significant point) AT (time) OR LATER (or BEFORE) AT (level)

    c. CRUISE CLIMB BETWEEN (levels) (or ABOVE) (level)
    23. FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT
  • Circumstances
    •
  • Phraseologies
    * Denotes pilot transmission
    •
    1. Transfer of Control and/or Frequency Change

    Note: An aircraft may be requested to "STAND BY" on a frequency when the intention is that the ATS unit will initiate communications, and to "MONITOR" a frequency when information is being broadcast thereon.

    		 a. CONTACT (unit callsign) (frequency)

    b.* (frequency)

    c. AT (or OVER) (time or place) CONTACT (unit callsign) (frequency)

    d. IF NO CONTACT (instructions)

    e.* REQUEST CHANGE TO (frequency) (service)

    f. FREQUENCY CHANGE APPROVED

    g. MONITOR (unit callsign) (frequency)

    h.* MONITORING (frequency)

    i. REMAIN THIS FREQUENCY
  • an IFR pilot changing to the MBZ frequency or CTAF
    •      		•j.* CHANGING (location) MBZ [or CTAF]
  • when a pilot/ATC broadcasts general information
    •      		k.* ALL STATIONS (appropriate information)
  • when a pilot broadcasts location specific general information
    •      		•l.* ALL STATIONS (location) (information) (location)
    2. Flights Contacting Approach Control  
  • not radar identified or procedural tower
    •      		•a.* (distance) MILES [DME] [RADIAL (VOR radial) or (compass quadrant from aerodrome, eg: SOUTH / SOUTH EAST, etc)] followed as necessary by:

    (i) MAINTAINING (or ON
    DESCENT) TO (level)
  • if visual approach can be made
    •      		(ii) VISUAL
    3. Change of Callsign
  • to instruct an aircraft to change callsign
    •      		a. CHANGE YOUR CALLSIGN TO (new callsign) [UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED]
  • to advise an aircraft to revert to the callsign indicated in the flight notification to ATS
    •      		b. REVERT TO FLIGHT PLAN CALLSIGN (callsign) [AT (significant point)]
    4. After landing a. CONTACT GROUND [frequency]

    b. WHEN VACATED CONTACT GROUND [frequency]
    24. TRAFFIC INFORMATION

    Circumstances

    Phraseologies
    * Denotes pilot transmission
    1. Traffic Information
    • pilot request for traffic information
    		 a.* REQUEST TRAFFIC
  • to pass traffic information
    •      		•b. NO REPORTED [IFR] TRAFFIC

    c. [IFR] TRAFFIC (relevant information) [REPORT SIGHTING]
      d. [ADDITIONAL] [IFR] TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND (type of aircraft) (level) ESTIMATED (or OVER) (significant point) AT (time)
  • to acknowledge traffic information
    •      		e.* LOOKING

    f.* TRAFFIC IN SIGHT

    g.* NEGATIVE CONTACT [reasons]
  • interception of relevant traffic information transmitted by other aircraft or ATS facility
    •      		•h.* COPIED (callsign of traffic intercepted)
    2. Advice of Military Aircraft Conducting Abrupt Vertical Manoeuvres •a. ABRUPT VERTICAL MANOEUVRES AT (position) UP TO (level)
    25. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

    Circumstances

    Phraseology
    * Denotes pilot transmission
    1. Meteorological Conditions

    Note: Wind is always expressed by giving the mean direction and speed and any significant variations.

    		 a. WIND (number) DEGREES (number) (units)

    b. WIND AT (height/altitude/flight level) (number) DEGREES (number) (units)

    c. VISIBILITY (distance) [direction]

    d. RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (distance)

    e. PRESENT WEATHER (details)

    f. CLOUD (amount, [type] and height of base) (or SKY CLEAR)
    Note; CAVOK pronounced
    CAV-0-KAY    		 g. CAVOK

    h. TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number) (and/or DEWPOINT [MINUS] (number))
      i. QNH (number) [units]

    j. MODERATE (or SEVERE) ICING (or TURBULENCE) [IN CLOUD] (area)

    k. REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS
  • unless responding to a request for turbulence or icing information
    •      		l. * IMC (or VMC)
    26. REPORTS AND INFORMATION

    Circumstances

    Phraseologies
    * Denotes pilot transmission
    1. Position Reporting
    Note: Phrases for use in en route position and MET reports are listed in AIP OPS .    		 a. NEXT REPORT AT(significant point)
    2. Additional Reports a. REPORT PASSING (significant point)
  • to request a report at a specified place or distance
    •      		b. REPORT [GPS] (distance) FROM (name of DME station) DME (or reference point)

    c. REPORT PASSING (three digits) RADIAL (name of VOR) VOR
  • to request a report of present position
    •      		d. REPORT DISTANCE FROM (significant point)

    e. REPORT DISTANCE FROM (name of DME station) DME
  • when descending a non–DME equipped aircraft to LSALT above CTA steps
    •      		•f. REPORT PASSING CONTROL AREA STEPS FOR FURTHER DESCENT
  • the pilot will give this only when satisfied that the CTA step has been passed, allowing for navigational tolerances.
    •      		•g.* INSIDE (distance of a CTA step as shown on ERC) MILES
    3. Aerodrome Information a. RUNWAY (number) (condition)

    b. LANDING SURFACE (condition)
      c. CAUTION (WORK IN PROGRESS) (OBSTRUCTION) (position and any necessary advice)

    d. BRAKING ACTION REPORTED BY (aircraft type) AT (time) GOOD (or MEDIUM, or POOR)

    e. RUNWAY (or TAXIWAY) WET [or DAMP, WATER PATCHES, FLOODED (depth)]
    4. Information to Aircraft
    wake turbulence    		 a. CAUTION

    (i) WAKE TURBULENCE

  • jet blast on apron or taxiway
    •      		(ii) JET BLAST
  • propeller–driven aircraft
    slipstream
    •      		(iii) SLIPSTREAM
  • helicopter downwash
    •      		(iv) DOWNWASH
    5. Pilot Initiated Waiver of Wake Turbulence Separation Standards •a.* ACCEPT WAIVER
    6. Notification by Pilot of Approved GPS Failing to Meet RAIM Requirements for Navigation •a.* RAIM FAILURE
  • Notification by Pilot of Approved GPS Resuming Operation with RAIM
    		• •b.* RAIM RESTORED
    27. CLEARANCES

    Circumstances

    Phraseologies
    * Denotes pilot transmission
    1. Clearances a.* REQUEST CLEARANCE
  • where the clearance is relayed by a third party eg pilot/FS (ATC excepted)
  • when subsequent restrictions/ requirements are imposed in addition to previous restrictions/requirements to be complied with
    •      		b. (name of unit) CLEARS (aircraft identification)

    c. CLEARED TO

    d. RECLEARED (amended clearance details)

    •e. FURTHER REQUIREMENT
      f. [RE] ENTER CONTROL AREA (or ZONE) [VIA (significant point)] AT (level) [AT (time)]

    g. LEAVE CONTROL AREA (or ZONE) AT (level) (or CLIMBING, or DESCENDING)

    h. JOIN (specify) AT (significant point) AT (level) [AT (time)]
    2. Indication of Route and Clearance Limit a. FROM (place) TO (place)

    b. TO (place) followed as necessary by:

    (i) DIRECT

    (ii) VIA (route and/or reporting points)

    (iii) VIA FLIGHT PLANNED ROUTE

    (iv) VIA (distance) ARC (direction) OF (name of DME station) DME

    c. (level or route) NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) ALTERNATIVE[S] IS/ARE (levels or routes) ADVISE
  • issuing a specific clearance limit
    •      		•d. CLEARANCE LIMIT (place/aid)
  • issuing a SID
    •      		•e. (identifier) DEPARTURE
    2. Indication of Route and Clearance Limit (Cont.)
  • when pilot requests, or ATC anticipate, a visual departure in lieu of a SID
    •      		•f. EXPECT VISUAL DEPARTURE
    3. When a Clearance Has Been Cancelled •a. CANCEL CLEARANCE

    •b.* CANCEL CLEARANCE
    4. When a SID or STAR Has Been Cancelled •a. CANCEL SID (or STAR) (instructions)
    5. Change of Flight Rules
  • cancelling or suspending IFR (to be initiated only by the pilot)
    •
    • resuming IFR
    		 •a.* CANCEL IFR, REQUEST (intention)

    •b. IFR CANCELLED OPERATE VFR (instruction or clearance)

    •c.* REQUEST IFR CLEARANCE [AT (time or place)] (IFR level)
    6. Requesting Clearance
  • when notification of flight details has not been submitted to ATS
    •      		•a.* FLIGHT DETAILS [INBOUND or FOR (DEPARTURE or TRANSIT)]
  • flight details to be passed after ATS response
    •      		•b.* (Aircraft type) (position) (route in controlled airspace and next estimate) (preferred level)
  • if clearance cannot be issued immediately upon request)
    •      		•c. EXPECT CLEARANCE AT (time or place)
  • if giving warning of clearance requirement
    		• •d.* EXPECT CLEARANCE REQUEST (aircraft type) VFR (if appropriate) FOR (destination) VIA (point outside controlled airspace at which clearance will be requested) ESTIMATE (estimate at destination) AT (altitude proposed for entry to controlled airspace)
    28. APPROACH AND AREA CONTROL SERVICES

    Circumstances

    Phraseologies
    * Denotes pilot transmission
    1. Departures Instructions a. TRACK (three digits) DEGREES [MAGNETIC] TO (or FROM) (significant point) [UNTIL (time) (or REACHING) (fix or significant point or level)]
    1. Standard Arrival Routes (STARs)

    complete STAR clearance

    		 a. (Identifier) ARRIVAL [(name) TRANSITION] [RUNWAY (number)] (assigned level)

    •b. [(instructions)] RESUME (identifier) ARRIVAL
    3. Approach Instructions •a. CLEARED DME (or GPS) ARRIVAL [SECTOR (identifying letter of the sector)]

    b.* REQUEST [STRAIGHT–IN] (type of approach) APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)]
      c. CLEARED (type of approach) APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)]

    d. COMMENCE APPROACH AT (time)
    pilot to advise when able to conduct a visual approach

    visual approaches by night

    		 e. REPORT VISUAL

    f. REPORT RUNWAY [LIGHTS] IN SIGHT

    g. REPORT (significant point) [OUTBOUND or INBOUND]

    •h. WHEN ESTABLISHED (position) CLEARED FOR VISUAL APPROACH
    4. Holding Instructions

    visual

    published holding
    procedure over a waypoint, facility or fix

    when pilot requires an oral description of holding
    procedure based on a
    facility

    		 a. HOLD VISUAL [OVER] (position)

    b. HOLD AT (waypoint, facility or fix) (level) EXPECT APPROACH (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time)

    c.* REQUEST HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS
      d. HOLD AT (waypoint, facility or fix) (callsign and frequency, if necessary) (level) INBOUND TRACK (three digits) DEGREES RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN, OUTBOUND TIME (number) MINUTES (additional instructions, if necessary)

    e. HOLD ON THE (three digits) RADIAL OF THE (name) VOR/TACAN (callsign and frequency, if necessary) AT (distance) DME (or BETWEEN (distance) AND (distance) DME) (level) INBOUND TRACK (three digits) DEGREES RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN (additional instructions, if necessary)
    5. Expected Approach Time a. NO DELAY EXPECTED

    b. EXPECTED APPROACH TIME (time)

     

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