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Four blindfolded girls were each given an identical box, containing different colored balls. One contained 3 black balls; one contained 2 black balls and 1 white ball; one contained 1 black ball and 2 white balls; and the fourth contained 3 white balls. Each box had a label on it reading "Three Black" or "Two Black, One White" or "One Black, Two White" or "Three White." The girls were told that none of the four labels correctly discribed the contents of the box to which it was attached. Each girl was told, in turn, to draw 2 balls from her box, at which point her blindfold was removed so that she could see the 2 balls in her hand and the label on the box assigned to her. She was given the task of trying to guess the color of the ball remaining in her box. As each girl drew balls from her box, their colors were announced for all the girls to hear; but the girls cold not see the the labels on any other box other than their own. The first girl, having drawn 2 black balls, announced: "I know the color of the third ball." The second girl drew 1 white and 1 black ball, and similarly stated: "I know the color of the third ball." The third girl withdrew 2 white balls, looked at her label, and said: "I can't tell the color of the third ball." Finally, the fourth girl declared: " I don't need to remove my blindfold or any balls from my box, and yet I know the color of all three. What's more, I know the color of the third ball in each of your boxes as well." The first three girls were amazed by the fourth girl's assertion and promptly challenged her. She proceeded to indentify the contents of each box correctly. How? |
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