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chapter4/5practice

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
What limits the resolving power of a light microscope?
a.
the type of lens used to magnify the object under study
b.
the shortest wavelength of light used to illuminate the specimen
c.
the type of lens that focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen
d.
the type of heavy metal or dye that is used to stain the specimen
e.
the ratio of an object's image to its real size
 

 2. 
When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use
a.
a light microscope.
b.
a scanning electron microscope.
c.
a transmission electronic microscope.
d.
A and C only
e.
A, B, and C
 

 3. 
Which of the following are prokaryotic cells?
a.
plants
b.
fungi
c.
bacteria
d.
animals
e.
B and C only
 

 4. 
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
a.
DNA.
b.
a cell wall.
c.
a plasma membrane.
d.
ribosomes.
e.
an endoplasmic reticulum.
 
 
For the following questions, use the lettered answers to match the structure to its proper cell type. Choose the most inclusive category. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all.


A.
a feature of all cells
B.
found in prokaryotic cells only
C.
found in eukaryotic cells only
D.
found in plant cells only
E.
found in animal cells only
 

 5. 
plasma membrane
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 6. 
nucleoid
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 7. 
Which of the following compounds require the presence of the nuclear pores to move between the cytoplasm and the interior of the nucleus?
a.
ribosomal RNA
b.
messenger RNA
c.
proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm that are part of ribosomes
d.
A and B only
e.
A, B, and C
 

 8. 
Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
a.
ribosome
b.
lysosome
c.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d.
mitochondrion
e.
contractile vacuole
 

 9. 
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
a.
rough ER
b.
lysosomes
c.
plasmodesmata
d.
Golgi vesicles
e.
tight junctions
 

 10. 
Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system?
a.
Golgi chap4and5practice_files/i0120000.jpg lysosome chap4and5practice_files/i0120001.jpg ER chap4and5practice_files/i0120002.jpg plasma membrane
b.
tonoplast chap4and5practice_files/i0120003.jpg plasma membrane chap4and5practice_files/i0120004.jpg nuclear envelope chap4and5practice_files/i0120005.jpg smooth ER
c.
nuclear envelope chap4and5practice_files/i0120006.jpg lysosome chap4and5practice_files/i0120007.jpg Golgi chap4and5practice_files/i0120008.jpg plasma membrane
d.
rough ER chap4and5practice_files/i0120009.jpg vesicles chap4and5practice_files/i0120010.jpg Golgi chap4and5practice_files/i0120011.jpg plasma membrane
e.
ER chap4and5practice_files/i0120012.jpgchloroplasts chap4and5practice_files/i0120013.jpg mitochondrion chap4and5practice_files/i0120014.jpg cell membrane
 
 
Refer to the following five terms to answer the following questions. Choose the most appropriate term for each phrase. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A.
lysosome
B.
vacuole
C.
mitochondrion
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
peroxisome
 

 11. 
contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing chap4and5practice_files/i0140000.jpg
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 12. 
Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
a.
ATP is produced.
b.
DNA is present.
c.
Ribosomes are present.
d.
B and C only
e.
A, B, and C are correct.
 

 13. 
Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
a.
chloroplasts
b.
mitochondria
c.
leucoplasts
d.
peroxisomes
e.
Golgi bodies
 

 14. 
Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?
a.
sites of energy production in cellular respiration
b.
membrane proteins
c.
ribosomes
d.
cytoskeletons
e.
cellulose fibers in the cell wall
 

 15. 
Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules?
a.
cilia
b.
centrioles
c.
flagella
d.
A and C only
e.
A, B, and C
 

 16. 
The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is not a characteristic of all of these extracellular structures?
a.
They must be highly permeable to water and small molecules in order to allow cells to exchange matter and energy with their environment.
b.
They must permit information transfer between the cell's external environment and the cytoplasm.
c.
They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume.
d.
They are constructed of materials that are largely synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.
e.
They are composed of a mixture of proteins and carbohydrates.
 

 17. 
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?
a.
peroxisomes
b.
desmosomes
c.
gap junctions
d.
extracellular matrix
e.
tight junctions
 

 18. 
Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?
a.
phospholipids and cellulose
b.
nucleic acids and proteins
c.
phospholipids and proteins
d.
proteins and cellulose
e.
glycoproteins and cholesterol
 

 19. 
The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals
a.
enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.
b.
enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.
c.
enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.
d.
makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell.
e.
makes the animal more susceptible to circulatory disorders.
 

 20. 
The lateral mobility (fluidity) of lipids and proteins in membranes is a consequence of
a.
lack of covalent bonds between the lipid and protein components of the membrane.
b.
weak hydrophobic interactions among the components in the interior of the membrane.
c.
the presence of liquid water in the interior of the membrane.
d.
A and B only
e.
A, B, and C
 

 21. 
All of the following are functions of integral membrane proteins except
a.
protein synthesis.
b.
active transport.
c.
hormone reception.
d.
cell adhesion.
e.
cytoskeleton attachment.
 

 22. 
Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?
a.
The double bonds form a kink in the fatty acid tail, forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.
b.
Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content.
c.
Unsaturated fatty acids permit more water in the interior of the membrane.
d.
The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids.
e.
The double bonds result in a shorter fatty acid tail.
 

 23. 
Of the following functions, which is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes?
a.
facilitated diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradients
b.
active transport of molecules against their concentration gradients
c.
maintaining the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane
d.
maintaining membrane fluidity at low temperatures
e.
a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another
 

 24. 
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
a.
large and hydrophobic
b.
small and hydrophobic
c.
large polar
d.
ionic
e.
monosaccharides such as glucose
 

 25. 
Water passes quickly through cell membranes because
a.
the bilayer is hydrophilic.
b.
it moves through hydrophobic channels.
c.
water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis.
d.
it is a small, polar, charged molecule.
e.
it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.
 
 
Use the diagram of the U-tube in the figure below to answer the following questions.

The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal.
chap4and5practice_files/i0290000.jpg
 

 26. 
Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is
a.
hypotonic.
b.
plasmolyzed.
c.
isotonic.
d.
saturated.
e.
hypertonic.
 

 27. 
After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed?
a.
The molarity of sucrose and glucose are equal on both sides.
b.
The molarity of glucose is higher in side A than in side B.
c.
The water level is higher in side A than in side B.
d.
The water level is unchanged.
e.
The water level is higher in side B than in side A.
 

 28. 
You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. In order for this drug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. Which of the following would not be a factor that determines whether the molecule enters the cell?
a.
size of the drug molecule
b.
polarity of the drug molecule
c.
charge on the drug molecule
d.
similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules transported by the target cells
e.
lipid composition of the target cells' plasma membrane
 

 29. 
All of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis except
a.
facilitated diffusion.
b.
active transport.
c.
Na+ ions moving out of the cell.
d.
proton pumps.
e.
translocation of potassium into a cell.
 

 30. 
Carrier molecules in the membrane and metabolic energy are required for
a.
osmosis.
b.
facilitated diffusion.
c.
active transport.
d.
B and C only
e.
A, B, and C
 

 31. 
The sodium-potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it
a.
pumps equal quantities of Na+ and K+ across the membrane.
b.
pumps hydrogen ions out of the cell.
c.
contributes to the membrane potential.
d.
ionizes sodium and potassium atoms.
e.
is used to drive the transport of other molecules against a concentration gradient.
 

 32. 
All of the following processes take material into cells except
a.
pinocytosis.
b.
endocytosis.
c.
exocytosis.
d.
active transport.
e.
carrier-facilitated diffusion.
 

 33. 
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
a.
exocytosis
b.
phagocytosis
c.
pinocytosis
d.
osmosis
e.
receptor-mediated exocytosis
 



 
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