Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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About
25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make
up approximately 96% of living matter? a. | carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen | b. | carbon, sulfur,
phosphorus, hydrogen | c. | oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium | d. | carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen | e. | carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium | | |
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2.
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Trace
elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a
trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates? a. | nitrogen | b. | calcium | c. | iodine | d. | sodium | e. | phosphorus | | |
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3.
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Each
element is unique and different from other elements because of the number of protons in the nuclei of
its atoms. Which of the following indicates the number of protons in an atom's
nucleus? a. | atomic
mass | b. | atomic
weight | c. | atomic number | d. | mass
weight | e. | mass number | | |
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4.
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The
mass number of an element can be easily approximated by adding together the number of ____ in an atom
of that element. a. | protons and
neutrons | b. | energy levels | c. | protons and
electrons | d. | neutrons and electrons | e. | isotopes | | |
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5.
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How
do isotopes of the same element differ from each other? a. | number of
protons | b. | number of electrons | c. | number of
neutrons | d. | valence electron distribution | e. | amount of
radioactivity | | |
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6.
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Explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one
another. a. | nonpolar
covalent bond | b. | polar covalent bond | c. | ionic
bond | d. | hydrogen
bond | e. | hydrophobic
interaction | | |
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7.
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The
slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of
another water molecule. What is this attraction called? a. | a covalent
bond | b. | a hydrogen
bond | c. | an ionic
bond | d. | a hydrophilic
bond | e. | a hydrophobic
bond | | |
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8.
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What
do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water? a. | All increase
when temperature increases. | b. | All are produced by ionic bonding. | c. | All are
properties related to hydrogen bonding. | d. | All have to do with nonpolar covalent
bonds. | e. | C and D only | | |
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9.
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Which
of the following is possible due to the high surface tension of water? a. | Lakes don't
freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures. | b. | A water strider
can walk across the surface of a small pond. | c. | Organisms resist
temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. | d. | Water can act as
a solvent. | e. | The pH of water remains exactly
neutral. | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following is true when an ice cube cools a drink? a. | Molecule
collisions in the drink increase. | b. | Kinetic energy in the drink
decreases. | c. | A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the
water of the drink. | d. | The specific heat of the water in the drink
decreases. | e. | Evaporation of the water in the drink
increases. | | |
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11.
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Which
bonds must be broken for water to vaporize? a. | ionic bonds | b. | nonpolar
covalent bonds | c. | polar covalent bonds | d. | hydrogen
bonds | e. | covalent bonds | | |
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12.
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Why
does ice float in liquid water? a. | The liquid water molecules have more kinetic energy and thus
support the ice. | b. | The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice
from sinking. | c. | Ice always has air bubbles that keep it
afloat. | d. | Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther
apart than the water molecules of liquid water. | e. | The crystalline
lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water. | | |
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The picture below illustrates a solute molecule surrounded by a hydration shell of
water. Use it to answer the following question.
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13.
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Based
on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule is most
likely a. | positively
charged. | b. | negatively charged. | c. | without
charge. | d. | hydrophobic. | e. | nonpolar. | | |
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14.
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Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are a. | nonpolar
substances that repel water molecules. | b. | nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water
molecules. | c. | polar substances that repel water
molecules. | d. | polar substances that have an affinity for
water. | e. | charged molecules that hydrogen-bond with water
molecules. | | |
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15.
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Which
of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions
[H+]? a. | gastric juice at
pH 2 | b. | vinegar at pH
3 | c. | tomato juice at
pH 4 | d. | black coffee at
pH 5 | e. | household bleach
at pH 12 | | |
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16.
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Which
of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydroxide ions
[OH-]? a. | lemon juice at
pH 2 | b. | vinegar at pH
3 | c. | tomato juice at
pH 4 | d. | urine at pH
6 | e. | seawater at pH
8 | | |
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17.
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If
the pH of a solution is decreased from 9 to 8, it means that the a. | concentration of
H+ has decreased 10 times what it was at pH 9. | b. | concentration of
H+ has increased 10 times what it was at pH 9. | c. | concentration of
OH- has increased 10 times what it was at pH 9. | d. | concentration of
OH- has decreased 10 times what it was at pH 9. | e. | B and D are
correct. | | |
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18.
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One
liter of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H+) than 1 L of a solution of
pH 6? a. | 4 times
more | b. | 400 times
more | c. | 4,000 times
more | d. | 10,000 times
more | e. | 100,000 times
more | | |
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19.
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The
column of water extending in tubes from plant roots to leaves is due mostly to a. | cohesion. | b. | evaporation. | c. | ionization. | d. | hydrophobic interactions. | e. | all of
these | | |
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20.
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A
salt will dissolve in water to form a. | acids. | b. | gases. | c. | ions. | d. | bases. | e. | polar solvents. | | |
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