November 10-12 Lafayette, GA Mahan's Outpost

December 8-10 Savannah, GA Ft. McAllister Winter Muster

Members need to contact Jerry Gouge regarding their desire to participate in the above listed events. We need to begin registering now. Some of the events require a registration fee. Let's register as a group for each of these events rather than have individuals sending in their monies. Contact Jerry Gouge at 800-824- 8083 days, 843-757-3689 evenings or at [email protected]. Information regarding future events will be published in the future newsletters.

PROPOSED CANDIDATES If anyone has a man they feel would fit into what we are trying to accomplish, feel free to mention his name to Jerry Gouge who will publish his candidacy in the next newsletter.

Proposed Candidates

Omar Alkalouti

Josh Darnell

Wayne Dobson

J. D. Gille

Jeff Kirkland

Brian Mead

Hal Merritt

Ken Myers

Jason Rich

If you feel that these men do not fit with our group call me. If I do not receive 2 negative votes for any of them then they will be mailed invitations around the beginning of November.

Peter Bonner

Jeff Jue

Ron Kelly

Mark Pollard

ATTENTION REGULARS We seem to be doing a pretty good job thus far. I think that we are getting a pretty good reputation. The efforts of those who attended Jonesboro and participated in the living history activities at Stately Oaks are to be commended. I think that you did yourselves proud. There are a couple of activities coming in November and December, Mahan's and Ft. McAllister which will give us more opportunity for camaraderie. Really 2000 has been a year of transition and we were just getting started. I feel that next year we will really blossom and we will participate in more activities as a group. As stated from the start, our intent is to avoid conflict with local units and the Georgia Volunteer Battalion. By that I mean we hope not to dilute their efforts by having overlap with Battalion activities. Thus far I think we have been successful on this. We also need to be more like ducks and let any negative comments made by outsiders run right off our backs. We need to do this without taking the bait and avoid getting embroiled in needless arguments and finger pointing. Enough said.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLUMBUS DEPOT AND RICHMOND DEPOT JACKETS: Internet Post by Andrew Jerram Here is a general rule of thumb for differentiating between major styles of jackets. Columbus Depot Jacket had a French Blue Band, about 1.5" thick around the collar and the cuffs. This is NOT the sutler style infantry trim you see on many a farb. It is a different kind of wool altogether. Every original CD I've seen is made of jean cloth with the wool banding. I call it banding because it's straight. It doesn't point on the cuff. Brass I buttons or wooden buttons were both common. Richmond Depot jackets are the common ones we often see at reenactments with either epaulettes, or belt loops. Without getting into construction details, know that if it's ANV, it's probably civilian or a Richmond Depot. The other variants were all issued to the AOT. Also, I buttons, or Federal buttons were used a lot. Not too many wood or state buttons. Many Issac Campbell I buttons were imported. Mobile Depot: Usually had a large outside pocket on the front right(while looking at it) chest. Pocket was about 4" wide, by 5" deep. Very distinctive. Usually made from Gray jean, and usually had wooden buttons. Milledgeville Depot: Less common, but characterized by very straight edges. Usually had smaller brass buttons. Anyone who's more familiar with them, please pipe up! Other semi-common jackets include: Atlanta Depot, North Carolina jackets, frock coats. Regulars probably would have been issued Richmond Depot jackets while in the ANV, and would have probably drawn homemade uniforms when they arrived back in Georgia. After leave, (refitted from home), they probably drew from local state arsenals or from tailors since they were such a small unit, and weren't close to the main armies. It's also possible that during their service in Florida they were equipped with Mobile Depot Jackets. Much of Colquitt's brigade had them at the time.

On a Saturday night under a tree on the Shiloh battlefield, a passel of Hoggs (Hogg Mess) greeted a soaking rain with an oilcloth and blanket per man. The first couple of hours we sang and laughed. The next few hours we made coffee and huddled around the fire. The last hours of rain, we sat in quiet resignation of our fate. Around midnight, the clouds moved on leaving a full moon and wet Hoggs, each futilely trying to dry our uniforms over the fire. As Sunday awoke and we returned to the fire, we all agreed, the rain made an awesome event even better. Sure we and the rest of the guys who stayed out were soaked to the bone. Sure we would have been better off if it hadn't rained. And sure that wet chaffed feeling did persist all Sunday. And our food was soaked And... And that's my point. Being uncomfortable is exactly what the Civil War veteran was through his time in the army. He couldn't retreat to his car, head to a hotel, or opt to do some battlefield touring instead of sleeping in the rain. He had to make the most of the climate dealt him, be it rain, cold or heat. That rain, just like the heat we have all endured and the cold that freezes canteens making us wonder why we aren't home watching cable, brings us closer to the Civil War experience than just about anything else. We can't recreate battles authentically (thank God). We can barely recreate marches thanks to pavement, power lines, Doctor Shoals and automobile traffic. We can camp like them. And we should. For me to offer a how-to on campaign camping would be an insult to all those who do it better and more often than I do. So I thought I would offer some helpful hints on our topic using the first hand experiences of experts; those who knew first hand how to negotiate weather condition without heading home. Below you will find quotes from veterans of the Civil War, both Confederate and Union. Each one offers us insights into campaign camping done right. The men I quoted were ingenious in some instances. They were desperate in other instances, and in every instance they made the best of the situation they were in. I hope you find my efforts and their words helpful: 10th Massachusetts Battery "The soldier did not waste their time and strength(pitching shelter tents every night). If the night was clear and pleasant, they lay down without a roof shelter of any kind, but if it was stormy... shelters were then quite generally pitched... two muskets with bayonets fixed were struck erect into the ground the width of a shelter half. A guy rope which went with every shelter half was stretched between the trigger guards of the muskets, and over the as a ridge pole the tent was pitched" (Billings, 53). 21st Virginia "About midnight we were awakened by the firing of muskets. Each man rose up and took his place in ranks more quickly than I ever saw it done and when the order was given to " take arms" every man had his gun ready for action" (Worsham,33). * An example of sleeping near stacked arms.* 21st Virginia "It was easy for men to move, because by this time(Sharpsburg) we learned to live without tents. The only shelter was an oil or rubber cloth and cotton flies...We were dependent on the Yankees for them(flies) as I never heard of our quartermaster issue any" (Worsham,33). 5th New Jersey "So in order to make ourselves as comfortable as possible, we set to work pulling wheat, getting together quite a stock. It was spread on the ground making a very respectable footing and bed, and over all we pitched our tents and were happy enough with little exception" (Ballard, 107) 12th Iowa "One of the boys and myself got down on a bunch of wet leaves and covered our blankets over us, rain turned to cold and I shook..." (Logsdon ,19) 21st Virginia "...Made a shebang by putting two forked sticks in the ground about six feet apart, lying a pole in the forks, placing brush with one end on the ground, the other inclined on the pole, enclosing in this way one side and the ends, and leaving the other side open. This would accommodate 3-4 men, and with care could be impervious to the rain" (Worsham, 131). 5th New Jersey "As our tents were still at Poplar Hill 14 miles to the rear, we slept on the ground with the sky for a quilt and slept soundly till morning" (Ballard, 83). 21st Virginia "The 21st Virginia (camped) in a large wood where we gather(ed) fresh fallen leaves into piles, placing our oilcloths on them laying down, covering with our blankets, we enjoyed the bed as much as any we ever slept on" (Worsham, 43) 9th Tennessee " ...We found a good hickory fire burning, which had been abandoned by the parties who built it. As the night was cold, we lay down with out feet next to the fire, lying on a single blanket and covering ourselves with the other" (Fleming, 59). 7th Illinois "Colonel Babcock with his men could be seen pacing up and down a hill to keep from freezing. Oh what a long cheerless night it was" ( Logsdon, 21). Richmond Howitzers "Tents were rarely seen. All the poetry about tented fields died. Two men slept together, each had a blanket and a oilclot h. One oilcloth went next to the ground. The two laid on this, covered themselves with the two blankets, protected from the rain with the second oilcloth, and slept very comfortably through rain, snow, and hail as it might by..." (Gragg, 27). 41st Illinois "To keep warm we made a circle of about 20 or 30 feet in diameter and around this we trotted most of the night" (Logsdon ,23). 14th Iowa The boys lay down singly or in couples and covered themselves as best they could with their blankets. I crouched beneath a leaning tree and wrapping my blanket around me and my gun so as to keep it as dry as possible" (Logsdon ,19) 7th Virginia "The method of carrying our few assets was to roll them in a blanket, tying each end of the roll which was then swung over the shoulder. At night this blanket was unrolled and rapped around its owner who found a place on the ground with his cartridge box as a pillow" (Johnson, 137). 14th Iowa "My bunkie and myself had each a rubber and a woolen blanket. We selected a little mound made by a root of a fallen tree. We spread one rubber down, then a woolen. Bunkie laid down on his side, pulling his cartridge box well up on his hip, taking his gun between his knees, muzzle to foot. I spread the other woolen over him, then the remaining rubber over all, turned them down, crept in behind him placing my cartridge box and gun in like position. Each used his haversack and canteen as a pillow. We now pulled the blanket over our heads and proceeded to fall into a dreamless sleep" (Logsdon ,21) 18th Louisiana "I... and Justilien Gros made a stack of guns and extended a blanket over it; we sat underneath the little shelter it afforded. Many others however had no protection from the inclement weather" (Logsdon,67). 38th Tennessee "IT soon commenced to rain. I stood under a tree for a shelter" (Logsdon,87). 6th Massachusetts "Feet wet, boots for a pillow, the mud oozing up around our rubber blanket, but making a soft bed and we sleeping the dreamless sleep of tired men" (Goss,25). 2nd Mississippi "There was a fence along the road that skirted the swamp, the water along which was nearly knee deep. I waded to the fence, picked out two rails that suited my purpose, put the rail s close together with one end on the ground and one end on the fence. Then I climbed up on the rails got in between them and slept there all night" (Holt, 266). 5th New Jersey (On mosquitoes) "...An army of Virginia mosquitoes made general attack on our post, that was on the edge of the wood. We were completely surrounded an had to keep our arms continually in motion trying to brush them off. Not being able to stand it any longer we built a fire, making plenty of smoke in the hopes of smoking them out, but it was no go, as they would bite us even after we got into the smoke. But we could not stand the smoke, we had to back out to escape being smothered to death. Everything else failing we wrapped ourselves up in our blankets leaving nothing but our eyes and nose exposed and stood it as best we could until day break, when they retreated" (Ballard, 111-112). 154th Tennessee "...Feeling too much fatigued...(we) lay down on the ground to sleep, with no shelter from the rain" (Logsdon,67). As you may have noticed, I avoided stories of garrison camp or sleeping in fortifications. I focused only on active campaign because that's the impression we most often portray. I hope this validated some of your sleeping tactics and/or gave you some new ideas. There is no better resource for campaign camping than from those who really did it. SOURCES Ballard, Micheal B. Thomas D. Cockrell. A Mississippi Rebel in the Army of Northern Virginia: The Civil War Memoirs of Private David Holt. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995. Billings, John D. Hardtack and Coffee: The Unwritten Story of Army Life. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Donald, Herbert David. Gone for a Soldier: The Civil War Memoirs of Private Alfred Ballard. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Fleming, James R. Band of Brothers: Company C, Ninth Tennessee Infantry. Shippenburg: White Mane Publishing Company, Inc, 1996. Gragg, Rod. The Illustrated Confederate Reader. New York: Harper & Row, 1989. Goss, Warren Lee. Recollections of a Private: A story of the Army of the Potomac. New York, Thomas Y Crowell & Co, 1890. Hutton, Paul Andrew. John Worsham: One of Jackson's Foot Cavalry. New York: Bantam Books, 1992. Johnston, David E. The Story of a Confederate Boy in the Civil War. Radford: Commonwealth Press, Inc., 1980. Logsdan, David R. Eyewitness at the Battle of Fort Donelson. Nashville: Kettle Mills Press, 1998. Logsdon, David R. Eyewitness at the Battle of Shiloh. Nashville: Kettle Mills Press, 1994.

Camp Kettles, Cooking, and Such Excerpts from John D. Billings Hardtack & Coffee and Col. Wilbur F. Hinman's Si Klegg and His Pard by Mike Thorson Then other wagons came with a supply of camp-equipment--axes, shovels, camp- kettles and other articles necessary to a company outfit. The word "necessary" is here used because all these things were so considered at that time ( 1861 ). The camp- kettle, as indicated by its name, was a good and useful article of furniture when the troops were lying in camp, but did not figure largely in the long, active campaigns of the later years of the war. It was chiefly used for making coffee and bean soup, and for laundry purposes. They rapidly fell victims to the casualties of active service. Wagons ran over them, and the boys, in their mirthful moods, kicked them about the camp. On the whole, the camp-kettles had a hard time of it. During the last year of the war thousands of the soldiers did not so much as see one for months together. When the army was in settled camp, company cooks generally prepared the rations. These cooks were men selected from the company, who had a taste or an ambition for the business. If there were none such, turns were taken at it; but this did not often happen, as the office excused men from all other duty. When company cooks prepared the food, the soldiers, at the bugle signal, formed single file at the cook-house door, in winter, or the cook's open fire, in summer, where, with a long-handled dipper, he filled each man's tin with coffee from the mess kettles, and dispensed to him such other food as was given out at that meal. For various reasons, some of which I have previously hinted at, the coffee made by these cooks was of a very inferior quality and unpleasantness to taste at times. It was not to be compared in excellence with what the men made for themselves. (Most soldiers boiled their coffee using a) pint or quart preserve can, its improvised wire bail held on the end of a stick. Salt pork was the principal meat ration. Company cooks boiled it. There was little else they could do with it, but it was an extremely useful ration to the men when served out raw. They almost never boiled it, much of it was used for frying purposes. On the march it was broiled and eaten with hard bread, while much of it was eaten raw, sandwiched between hardtack. ( To broil meat, a soldier) impaled (the meat) on a ramrod or forked stick; it was then salted and peppered and broiled in the flames; or it may have been thrown in the coals. To fry it ( beef and pork) necessitated the taking along of a frying-pan with which not many of the men cared to burden themselves. (T)here was another fry-pan which distanced (the frying pan) both in respect of lightness and space. (T)he men could be seen by scores frying the food in their tin plate, held in the jaws of a split stick, or fully as often an old canteen was un-soldered and its concave sides mustered into active duty as fry pans. (If the fresh meat ration) fell into the hands of the company cooks, it was fated to be boiled twenty-four times out of twenty-five. When the meat ration was served out raw to the men, to prepare after their own taste, although the variety of its cooking may not perhaps have been much greater, yet it gave more general satisfaction. The growls most commonly heard were that the cooks kept the largest or choices portions for themselves, or else that they sent them to the company officers, who were not entitled to them. Sometimes there was foundation for these complaints. (B)roiling was, I think, the favorite style (of cooking a meat ration) with the oldest campaigners. It certainly was more healthful and palatable cooked in this wise, and was the most convenient in active service, for any of the men could prepare it thus at short notice. The following is a passage from Corporal Si Klegg and his Pard written by Lt. Colonel Wilbur F. Hinman who served with the 65th Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry. A peculiarity of the canteen was that its usefulness did not end when it was no longer fit to serve in its legitimate sphere. When a lot of them became battered and leaky, and the company commander wanted to drop them from his monthly return of government property for which he was responsible, he would have them duly condemned by a board of officers appointed to hold a solemn inquest upon them. These regulation forms having been complied with, the old canteens were eagerly sought after by the soldiers, who were now at liberty to make such use of them as their ingenuity might suggest. The necessities and deprivations of active campaigning developed among the veterans a wonderful fertility of resource. Under such circumstances men became intensely practical. Everything that could in any way contribute to human welfare and comfort was brought into play, and the makeshifts resorted to were often startling and ludicrous. The old canteen was thrown into the fire and the heat soon melted the solder by which the halves were joined, and the soldier found himself in possession of two tin basins eight or ten inches across and in the center about two inches deep. One of these he carried day after day in his haversack. It was not often that the latter was so full of provisions that there was not plenty of room for it. Its weight was nothing, and he found it useful in ways that the man who made it never thought of. The government forgot to supply the soldiers with washbasins, and the half- canteen made a convenient substitute. It was a trifle small, it is true, but by being frequently replenished it answered the purpose admirably. After the man had finished his ablutions he would rinse it out with a dash of water-or if he was too hungry to do this it was a matter of small moment-split the end of a stick for a handle, and he had a frying-pan--a prime article. Tons and tons of the flesh of swine were fried in the half-canteen, not to mention the pieces of chicken and the succulent vegetables that were in this way prepared for eating. If he drew coffee in a "raw" state, the half-canteen was an excellent roaster. Now and then it came handy for cooking "flapjacks", when he chanced to get hold of something of which to make them. In the fall, when the corn in the fields was hardening, he took a half-canteen, stabbed it full of holes with his bayonet, from the inside, and the convex surface made an excellent grater, and a dish of "samp" relieved the everlasting monotony of regulation diet. Even ripe corn was thus grated into a sort of meal from which mush and indescribable cakes were fearfully and wonderfully made. Indeed, for months at a time, a half- canteen and an old fruit-can, in which to boil coffee, comprised his entire culinary "kit". They were simple but they were enough, and in their possession he was happy. The nice coffee-pot and frying pan that he once owned had long since succumbed to the vicissitudes of army life. Sometimes the veteran found himself suddenly placed in a position where he wanted something between himself and the muskets of the enemy, and he wanted it right off. There was no time to send back to the rear for picks and shovels. With a bayonet to loosen the dirt he scratched out a hole with his half-canteen, and, with the aid of a log or two or three rails or a few stones, against which he threw the earth, he had a safe protection from bullets. In this way a line of experienced skirmishers would burrow into the ground and almost disappear from sight with a quickness that was amazing. So don't throw out those old, leaky canteens! Canteen halves can be purchased from C & D Jarnigan for $4.50 apiece. An authentic looking "old fruit can" can be had for $8 and is one of the cans sold a set of "nesting cans" by Jarnagin. Just attach wire! A little more on coffee from Hardtack and Coffee. I think that when the soldiers were first thrown upon their own resources to prepare their own food, they almost invariably cooked their coffee in the tin dipper with which all were provided, holding from a pint to a quart, perhaps. But it was an unfortunate dish for the purpose, forever tipping over and spilling the coffee into the fire, either because the coals burned away beneath, or because the Jonah upset it. Then if the fire was new and blazing, it sometimes needed a hand that could stand heat like a steam safe to get it when it was wanted, with the chance in favor of more than half of the coffee boiling out before it was rescued, all of which was conducive to ill-temper, so that such utensils would soon disappear, and a recruit would afterwards be seen with his pint or quart preserve can, its improvised wire bail held on the end of a stick, boiling his coffee at the camp-fire, happy in the security of his ration from Jonahs and other casualties. His can soon became as black as the blackest, inside and out. This was the typical coffee-boiler of the private soldier, and had the advantage of being easily replaced when lost, as canned goods were in very general use by commissioned officers and hospitals. Besides this, each man was generally supplied with a small tin cup as a drinking -cup for his coffee and water.

Chuck-A-Luck Chuck-A-Luck, also called "Sweat" and, sometimes, "Hazard", "Sweet Cloth" or "Bird-Cage", was probably the most popular dice game of the Civil War soldier. This game kept more men on their knees than did the Chaplains. Numbered squares, 1-2-3- 4-5-6, called "Set ups" or "Layouts" were often painted on ponchos or gum blankets. Three dice are tumbled in a cup and are thrown to rest face up. Players bet on the layout by placing their money on the numbered squares on the poncho corresponding to their bet. Bets may be made that any particular number or total will show on the 3 dice. The principal bets are: Single number -1 to 6. If the selected number shows on one dice, the "house" pays even money,; on 2 dice, double; on all 3 dice, triple. (The odds are 216 to 199 in favor of the house, or about 7.9%.) Triples - (also called a raffle) A bet that the throw will be any triple (all dice the same). The "house" pays 30-1 (actual odds are 35 to 1). A particular total - from 4 to 17. (In each case, the "house" pays less than the full odds, its advantage ranging from about 10% to 20%.) High or Low -11 to 17 or 4 to 10 or Odd to Even - Odd or even total On the above two bets the "house" pays even money, but wins whenever a triple shows. (These, however, are the best bets for the player, the house percentage being only 2.78%.) Seven - Up Seven-up, a popular card game with Civil War soldiers, is a form of "All Fours" brought to America during colonial times. It is also known as "Old Sledge" or "High Low Jack". Players - 2 to 4. Four may play in two partnerships. The Deal - (Ace high) Each player receives 6 cards, 3 at a time. Dealer turns next card up; this is trump suit (if jack, dealer scores 1 point). The player at left, after looking at his hand must say "I stand" or "I beg". To "stand" is to accept the suit of the turn-up as trump, whereupon the play begins. To "beg" is to pass the decision to the dealer. The dealer may then say "take it" or "refuse". "Take it" means the dealer accepts the turn-up, whereupon the left opponent scores 1 point. "Refuse" means the dealer rejects the turn-up. Thereupon he deals a batch of 3 more cards to each hand, and makes a new turn-up. And the same thing happens until a trump is decided. The Play - Once trump is decided, each player reduces his hand (if necessary) to 6 cards by discarding excess face down. Player on left of dealer makes opening lead. The hands are played out in tricks. A hand, if able to follow suit to a lead, must do so or play a trump card. A trick is won by the highest trump card played or, if no trump card was played, then highest cards of suit led. The winner of a trick leads the next. Scoring - The object of play is to win points in tricks-there are, at most, 4 points: High - the highest trump in play Low - the lowest trump in play Jack - the jack of trumps, scored by player who wins it in a trick Game - a plurality of points for high cards taken in tricks, counting: Each Ten -10 Each Ace - 4 Each King - 3 Each Queen - 2 Each Jack - I If there is only one trump in play, it scores 2 as both high and low (or 3 if it is the jack). The point for game is not counted if there is a tie for highest count. The first player to win 7 points wins the game. Euchre Euchre was an extremely popular card game with the Pennsylvania Germans in the Eleventh Corps. The term "bower" is the German "Bauer" (farmer), one of the names for the Jack. Euchre was sometimes called "Fun Alive". Players - 3 to 7. 4 handed partnership game most common. Cards - The game is played with only 32 cards, after discarding all 2's thru 6's, inclusive. The highest trump is the jack (called the right bower). The second highest is the jack of the same color(called the left bower). The rest of the trump suit ranks Ace (third best), King, Queen, 10, 9, 8, 7. Deal - Each player received 5 cards, dealt in batches of 3-2 or 2-3. The last card of the pack (dealer's) is turned face up, and proposes the trump suit, but only becomes trump if some player accepts it, whereupon the dealer picks it up. If all 4 players reject it, then each in turn, to left of dealer, has a second chance to pass or name a trump suite. The person who names the trump has a right to say "I play alone" whereupon his partner must discard his hand and stay out of the game. Either opponent of a lone player may say "I defend alone" whereupon his partner must stay out. The Play - If the turn-up is accepted, the dealer has a right to use it as part of his hand, discarding any other card face down. Against a lone player, the opening lead is made by the player at his left, otherwise the player on the dealer's left. The hands are played out in 5 tricks. A player must follow suit if he is able, otherwise any card. A trick is won by highest trump or, if no trump, by highest card of suit led. Winner of trick leads next. Scoring - Only the side that wins 3 or more tricks scores. Winning all 5 tricks is called a march. When the making side (decider of trump) fails to win the majority, it is said to be Euchre. The making side, when both are playing, score 1 point for winning 3 or 4 tricks, 2 for a march. A maker alone scores 1 for 3 or 4 tricks, or 4 for a march. Opponents when both play, score 2 for Euchre. Lone defender score for 3 or 4 tricks, or 4 for a march. SOURCE: Hoyle's Games, by Henry F. Anners Jerry Gouge loves Euchre

REGULARS WEB SITE Please go take a look at our web site. Andrew Jerram is doing a great job with it. You can enter into lively discussions there and obtain valuable information. http://www.geocities.com/firstgeorgiaregs/ Opener.html

MAHAN'S OUTPOST BASIC SCHEDULE FRIDAY, November 10 5:00 PM - Registration Opens. Please do not come out to the site prior to 5 pm. SATURDAY, November 4:00 am Reveille 4:00 4:30 am Breakfast (Jerry Gouge will bring rations for the Regulars, issued Friday night.)4:30 am Organization of companies 5:15 am Issue of Rations 5:45 am Battalion assembles & moves out into assigned positions along the line or in reserve.6:00 am Saturday morning to 11:00 am Sunday morning Outpost Duty. SUNDAY, November 12 11:00 am Both battalions (US & CS) will form up to have wet plate image taken of each group.11:30 am Event is over. Wet plate photographer will take a group phot of the 1st Georgia Regulars.

DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE Take I-75 NORTH from Atlanta. Take EXIT 348 (which is at mile marker 348). This is the Ringgold and Lafayette Exit Turn RIGHT if coming from Chattanooga, LEFT if coming up North I-75 Go approximately 15 « miles Turn LEFT onto HWY 136 East. You will approximately 2.6 miles over the ridge. On the down hill side of the mountain you will turn RIGHT onto WEST ARMUCHEE ROAD. You will go approximately 3 miles You will bear/turn LEFT onto Manning Mill Road which is next to Shiloh Baptist Church. You will then go approximately 1.4 miles where you will stop at a stop sign at the intersection of Manning Mill Road and Shuttle Mill Lane. Be careful on Manning Mill Road as it is VERY curvy and could be dangerous if you are driving too fast! At the intersection go directly across staying on Manning Mill Road (the road is actually a bit to the left of the stop sign, but you will see it).Go approximately « mile and you will se a house on your right and the turn into the property is on your LEFT. There will be signs to help direct you along the way as well.

PERIOD HUMOR A deserter had come into our lines a few days ago and was passing to the rear when one of our fellows hailed him with, "Hello, Johnny, where are you going now?" "Well, General Hardee made a speech the other day and told us to 'strike for our homes and firesides.' and as I live in Tennessee, I concluded to strike for mine." Mrs. Partington says there must be a great many children killed on our battlefields, as there are always so many small arms found after a fight.