Page 469 INDEX. 46; the western counties, 233. Is sent with Prince Mauriee into the west, 24.5. Hexham, battle of, between Montacute, brother of the earl of Warwick, and the Lancastrians, ii. 451. Hieyle, Sergeant, his extraordinary assertion of the legal prerogative in the house of commons, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 5oo. Hialas, Peter, sent ambassador from Ferdinand. king of Arragon, to Henry VI1., to negotiate a marriage between Prince Arthur and the infanta Catharine, iii. 54. Negotiates a truce between Henry and James iV. of Scotland, 54. Hickes, Dr., his account of a Saxon sodalitium, or compact, i. 159. iligh conmmnission, or ecclesiastical commission, origin of that court, iv. 2 1. Its great power, and arbitrary exertion of it, 2f02. Its powers extended by the queen, 203, 346. The commons remonstrate against this court, 418. One established in Scotland, 445. A review of the offences cognizable by this court, 496. Its authority moderated by James I., 497. Is abolished in Scotland by the general assembly, v. 105. Is abolishedin England by parliament,. 170. Is revived by King James II., vi. 314. igiahlanders and Irish, the same people, i. 475. Came originally from the irish, 475. Highways, the first toll mentioned for repairing, ii. 274. The first general law for the repair of, by parish duty, iii. 448. Historians, monkish, a character of, i. 21. History, ancient, causes -of its uncertainty pointed out, i. 1, 14. Hobbes, a character of his philosophy and politics, v. 531. His death, 531. Hobby, Sir Philip, is employed by the protector Somerset to solicit an alliance with the emperor Charles V., but fails, iii. 359. His account of his negotiation, 360. Holgate, archbishop of York, is imprisoned on the accession of Queen Mary, iii. 392. Holland. See 1N atherlands, and United Provinces. Hollingshed, his account of the manner of living among the common people just preceding his time, iii. 448. Curious remarks by him of the growth of luxury, 464. Hollis, forcibly detains the speaker of the house of commons in his chair, until a remonstrance is passed against tonnage and poundage, v. 59. His sentence by the court of king's bench, 59. Is impeached by the king, 206. Proposes the declaring the generals of the parliamentary army traitors, 367. Is made a lord by Charles II., vi. 2. When almbassador at Paris, endeavors to make the French take part with the English against the Dutch, 42. Is sent ambassador to treat with the Dutch at Breda,.53 Agrees to favor the intrigues of France, but refuses to accept a bribe, 157, n. Holloway, a merchant of Bristol, is executed for the duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, vi. 272. HLolnles, Sir Robert, his expedition against the Dutz.'. settlements, vi. 38. Burns a fleet of Dutch ships in harbor, 49. His attempt on the Dutch Smyrna fleet, 97. Holy Land See Crusades. Hlomeldon, battle of, between the Piercies and the earl of Douglas, ii. 331. Homilies, twelve, published to be read to the people,'ii. 323. Bishop Gardiner's objections to them, 328. The slavish prinzrples inculcated in them, iv. 359. Honorius, Pope, his avaricious demands on the clergy, ii. 21. Hooper, bishop of Gloucester, is imprisoned on the accession of Quee: JMary, iii. 392. Is cruelly burnt for heresy, 420. An account of his seru ples at consecration, and the compromise he obtained, iv. 115. Flops, the planting of, much increased in the reign of James I., iv. 516. Flopton, Sir Ralph, reduces Cornwall for Charles I., v. 243. Is defeated as Torrington, 314. VOL. vIL 40 Page 470 470'IND-X. Horncastle, battle of, between the earl of Manchester and the royalists, v 2-58. Horses, forbid to be exported by Henry VII., iii. 73. Hospitality, causes and effects of the decay of, in England, iv. 374. Hotham, Sir John, is, by the house of commons, made governor of Hull, v. 215. Refuses the king admittance into Hull, 222. Is detected in an intention of giving up the place, and is, with his son, sent up to London and executed, 257. Hotspur. See Piercy. Howard, Sir Edward, admiral, son of the earl of Surrey, destroys Barton, the Scots pirate, iii. 91. Ravages the coast of France, 95. Is killed in an engagement in Conquet harbor, 95. His idea of naval courage, 95, Xn. ---—, Lord, commands the main body of the English army at the battle of Flouden, iii. 101. Created earl of Surrey, 102. -- -, Lady Catharine, becomes the object of the affections of Henry VIII., on his disgust against Anne of Cleves, iii. 263. Is married to Henry, 266. Is accused to the king of incontinency, 272. Her confession, 272. Is attainted by parliament, 273. Beheaded with the viscountess of Rocheford, 274. -, Lady Frances, is married to the earrl of Essex, iv. 428. Receives him, after his travels, with obstinate disgust, 429. Contracts a familiarity with Carre, Viscount Rochester, 429. Procures the disgrace of Sir Thomas Overbury, 430. Is divorced, and married to Carre, then earl of Somerset, 431. Procures Overbury to be poisoned, 431. Is found guilty of Overbury's death, 437. Is pardoned, 437. Dies in obscurity, 437. - -, Lord, one of the cabal of six, his evidence against Lord Russel, vi. 266. Gives evidence against Algernon Sidney; and against Hambden, 272. Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, and chief justiciary, punishes FitzOsbert, a licentious lawyer, i. 393. Assists John in his claim to the succession, on Richard's death, 395. Summons a synod by his legatine authority, 407. Dies, 407. - -, a servant of Earl Bothwell, is executed for the murder of Darnley, and charges Queen Mary with being accessory to it, iv. 109. de Burgh, chief justiciary, is chosen joint protector of the realm with the bishop of WVinchester, on the death of the earl of Pembroke, ii. 8. Takes Rockingham Castle, on the earl of Albemarle's rebellion, 9. Executes Constantine Fitz-Arnulf and his associates, for a rebellious riot in London, 10. Obtains of the pope a bull, declaring Henry III. of age for government, 11. His character, 13. His removal from the ministry, and subsequent vicissitudes, 14. Hudibras, the event on which that poem was founded, v. 520. Character of that performance, vi. 376. Hudson's Bay Company, its charter, when: first granted, vi. 370. Hugonots, or French Protestants. See Conde; Coligny; Navarre, Anthony, king of; Guise; Medicis, Catharine de; Montmorency, etc.Battle of Dreux, iv. 55. Battle of St. Denis, and siege of Chartres, 143. The court agrees to an accommodation, 143. A scheme formed for seizing the prince of Cond6 and the admiral Coligny, 143. Battle of Jarnac, and death of Cond6, 143. Battle of Moncontour, 144. Charles marries his sister to the prince of Navarre, 157. The queen of Navarre poisoned, 157. Massacre of Paris, 157. Are calumniated at foreign courts to palliate these barbarities, 158. Take armu again, 161. MJake peace with Henry III., 162. The Catholic league formed against them by the duke of Guise, 163. War declared against them again, 206. Assistance sent to the king of Navarre by Elizabeth, 271. The English ships sent against Rochelle desert, v. 8. The Dutch assist the French in reducing that town 9. Rochelle reduced, 50. A toleration continued to them, 50. Are persecuted and driven out of France, by the revocation of the edict of Nantz, vi. 306. Page 471 Hull, a magazine formed there by the parliament, and Sir John Hotham appointed governor, v. 215. The king refused admittance into, 222. Hume', Lord, procures the regency of Scotland to be conferred on the duke of Albany, iii. 110. Is traduced to the regent, 111. Makes war against the regent, and is put to death, 111. -—, Lord, joins a confederacy of Scots nobles, to protect Prince James against the attempts of Bothwell, and to punish the murderers of Darnley, iv. 91. Surrounds Mary and Bothwell in Borthwick Castle, who escape from him, 91. -—, Lord, signs a protestation against the liturgy in Scotland, v. 100. Hunter, an apprentice, burnt for heresy, iii. 422. Husbandry, remarks on the regulations to promote it, enacted by Henry VII., iii. 74. Huss, John, burnt for heresy by the council of Constance, ii. 371. Hyde, Sir Edward, is made chancellor, and created earl of Clarendon, vi. 2. See Clarendon. Icon Basilike, of Charles I., an inquiry into its authenticity, v. 384. A character of the work, 385. Ida, the Saxon prince, arrives in Britain, conquers Northumberland, and founds the kingdom of Bernicia, i. 20. Images, when they began to be worshipped, i. 50. Imprisonment, arbitrarily inflicted by'officers of state during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 348, 354. See Petition of Right. Ina, king of Wessex, his wise and glorious reign, i. 42. Bequeaths his kingdom to Adelard, his queen's brother, 43. Incident, in Scotland, an account of, and its effects, v. 177. Inclosures, observations on the law of Henry VII. against, iii. 74. An insurrection in Northamptonshire, for the destruction of, iv. 411. Independents, rise and character of that party, v. 281. Is the first Chris tian sect which admitted of toleration, 282. Adopt republican princi ples, 282. Form a party in parliament against the Presbyterians, 283. Reduce the parliament under subjection to the army, 346. Affront the Scots commissioners on their departure, 355. Obtain the entire command of the parliament, by the violent exclusion of the Presbyterian members by the army, 368. Indies. See East, and West. Indulgence, the declaration of, published by King Charles II., vi. 29. Repeated, 96. Recalled, 116. A general declaration of, published by James II., 315. Is repeated, and ordered to be read in churches, 323. Indulgences, from what motives the sale of them promoted by Pope Leo X., iii. 131. The produce from, how applied by him, 131. Licentious conduct of the venders of them, 132. The sale of, preached against by Martin Luther. See Luther, and Reformation. Not productive of a total dissolution of morality, 456. A large cargo of, taken on board two Spanish ships, iv. 277. Industry, inquiry into the causes of the low state of, in the time of Henry VII., iii. 74. Infantry, Swiss, their advantages over the heavy-armed cavalry in use at the time of Henry VIII., iii. 96. Innocent III., Pope, his character, and state of the papacy at his promotion, i. 407. Levies a fortieth of ecclesiastical revenues for the relief of the Holy Land, 407. His conduct on the double election of Reginald, and John de Gray, to the see of Canterbury, 408. Sets both of them aside, and appoints Cardinal Langton to be primate, 409. His mysterious present to John, to pacify him, 410. Lays the kingdom under an interdict on account of John's opposition, 412. Excoinmunicates the emperor Otho, 415. Publishes a crusade against the Albigenses, 415. Excommunicates John, 415. Absolves John's subjects from their allegiance to him, 416. Offers John's kingdom to Philip of France, 417. His private instructions to Pandolf, his legate to Philip, 418. Takes off Page 472 4M72 TIMEx. his interdict, 422. Inclines to favor John:-against his barons, 426.- Is applied to by John, complaining of hIs being foirced to grant the (G3eat Charter by his barons, 434. Annul.s the charter by a bull, 4:34. innocent IVi., Pope, calls a general council at Lyons, to exomnllinicate the emperor Frederic, ii. 22. his claiiis of ecclesiastical reveiiiues, 22. Od'ers the kingdom of Sicily to Riechard, earl of Corinall, who refuses it, 23. Inoiosa, the Spanish ambassador, gives James I. a paper, discoveuing the schemes of the duke of'Buckingham, iv. 489. Institution of a Christian Man, a treatise so called, wrote and tublished by lieury VIII., iii. 275. Intelcursus Magnus, or great treaty of commerce, concluded between England and the Flemiligs, in. )o.. Interest of money, when first regulated by law, iii. 318. Declared illegal by parliament, 375. The rates of, how limited in England and France, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 363. The rates of, in the reign of James [., 5i7. Investitures, dispute between Pope Gregory VII. and the emperor IHenry IV. concerning, i. 2(6. Between Pope Pascal Ii. and Henry 1. o~ England, 252. Artifices of the popes to annex the privileges of. to the papacy, 409. Ireland, an expedition against, undertaken by Henry II., i. 327. State of, at that time, 328. Its distinct sovereignties, 328. Granted to Henry II. by Pope Adrian II., 329. See Dermnot, Stronghow, and Fitz-Stephens. Improper conduct of the English with regard to, 333. Piers Gavaston made lord lieutenant of, by Edward II., ii. 146. Is grievously opp)ressed by the English, 154. Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, makes an unsuccessful expedition to, 154. Annual expense of, to 1; nglaud, in the reign of Heniry V., 373. Attached to the house of York, iii. 15. Rievolts under the pretensions of Lambert Simrnel, 15. Sir Edlward Poynings sent over to reduce the malecontents in that kingdom, 46. His mienmorable statute, 46. Ineffectual attempts upon, by Peikin Warbec, 49. Erected into a kingdom by parliament, 462. Is invaded by the Spanish general San Josepho, iv. 179. The cruelty of Loird Graya on reducing the invaders, 180. The imperfect dominion of England over, 3.)2. Cruel treatment of the natives, 302. History of Shan Cineale, 3'4. Accounmt of the earl Thomond, 30.5. Tyrone rebels, 307. Defeat of the English under Sir Henry Bagnal, 307. The earl of Essex sent o ver, 3')8. His ill success, 311. Treaty between Essex and Tyrone, 312. Essex suddenly goes over to England, 313. The truce broke by Tyrone, 315. T'rone driven into the morasses by Mountjoy, 316. The Lnglish troops there paid with base money, 332. Is invaded by the Spaniards, 3;33. T'yrone and the Spaniards reduced, 334. Tyrone surrenoiers to the deputy, 339. The civilization of, undertaken by James I., 421. An exo plahation of the Brehon la,, 422. Gavelkind and tanistry, 422. These custorns abolished, and the English laws inltroduced, 423. Colonies planted in Ulster, on its- falling to the crown by attainders, 423. The plan of civilization confirmed by Charles I., v. 177. The English Protestants there adopt the Puritanical opinions and popular pretenlions of the English house of commons, 178. The men raised by Straffoird to serve against the Scots reduced, 179. Are withheld from entering the Spanish service, 179. A conspiracy formed to expel the English, 180. Massacre of the English in Ulster, 182. The rebellion and cruel treatment of the English extended through the other provinces, 185. The fugitives received in Dublin, 186. The English of the pale join the Irish insurgents, 187. The rebels defeated in several encounters by Scots troops sent to suppress them, 263. The distressed state of the klngdom by these devastations, 264. A cessation of arms concluded with the rebels by the king's order, 266. Glamorgan's treaty with the council ~f Kilkenny, 318. A new rebellion excited by Rinuccini, the pope's nuncio, Page 473 :NDEX. 473 931. The nuncio is driven out of the island, 3332. The garrisons reduced for the kinll by Ormond, 393. Cromwell is chosen lord lieutenant by the counail of state, 3d3. His rapid successes there, 397. Is rfduced by lr ton, 4244. A view of the administration there, under the protectorats of Oliver Cromnwell, 471. The native Irish confined to Connaugtht, vi. 72. Court of claiums erected to restore confiscations and arrears to roy-alits, 73. An intended insurre-tion suppressed by Orinond, 73.''he cattle of, prohibited from being imp)orted to England, 74. Succession of lords lieuten -mIt, 245. Ormoud sent over again, 245. Violent measure s of King James in favor of Popery, 312. Tyrconnel made lord lieutenant, 312. The corporatiohn charters annulled, and new ones granted, subject to the king's will, 318. The offices of government these failed with Catholics, 318. Lrelauld, Father, tried and executed with Grove and Pickering,for the Popish plot, vi. 192. Ireton, son-in -law to Oliver Cromwell, is wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Naseby, v. 310). His character, 351. Proposes to Cromwell a meeting to consider of settling the nation, and bringing the kiing to a trial, 351. His speech in parliament against further treaty with the king, 353. His cruelty on the taking of Colchester, 366. Is appointed one of the judges to try the king, 371. Is left commander-in-chiet in Ireland by Cromwell, 410. H1is successes there, 424. Takes Limeric, and dies of the plague, 424. His character, 424. Isabella, daughter of the count of Angoulemle, is taken by her father from her husband, the count de la Marche, and married to King John. i. 397. Her children by John, 439, 440. Marries the count de la Marche on John's death, ii. 18. Her children by him sent to England to visit their brother, Henry III., 18. Henry's bounty of riches and honors to them, 18. They are banished, 34. ----—, daughter of Philip, king of France, contracted to Prince Edward of England, ii. 123. Is married to him when king, 145. Her character and aversion to Piers Gavaston, 145. Is insulted, and some of her retinue killed by Lord Badlesmere, 158. Goes to Paris to mediate between her husband and her brother Charles the Fair, 161. Her expedient to this end, 162. Becomes acquainted with Roger Mortimer, 162. Her intimacy with him, 162. Engages in a conspiracy against the king, 163. Afliances her son to the daughter of the count of Holland and Hainault, 164. Lands with an army in Suffolk, 164. Is joined by the barons, 164. Her declaration, 164. The city of London declares for her, 164. She calls a parliament, which deposes Edward, 166. Is confined, on the execution of Mortimer, 185. d, daughter of Charles VI. of France, married to Richard II. of England, ii. 298. Returned to her father, 330., queen of Castile, and wife of Ferdinand, king of Arragon, dies, iii. 64. Her daughter Joan married to Philip, archduke of Austria, 64. Italy, its defenceless state when invaded by Charles VIII. of France, iii. 47. View of Italian politics at that period, 47. League formed -against France, 47. The state of, at the accession of Henry VIII., 82. The powers of, confederate with the emperor Charles V. against Francis I., king of France, 143. The French driven out of, 146. The confu derate states of, become jealous of the emperor, 147. They league with Francis against him, 157. Character of the writers of, on the revival of learning, iv. 522. Jamaica, the island of, taken from the Spaniards by Pen and Venables, v. 462. lames I. of England, an examination into his pretensions to the crown, iv. 378. His succession admitted by Elizabeth, on her death-bed, 378. Forbids the resort of people to him on his journey to London, 379. His profuse distribution of titles, 379. His partiality, to his countrymen, 380. leceives embassies of congratulation, 381. Concludes a treaty with 40) Page 474 t474 INrDEX. France, for the support of the United Provinces, 382. A conspiracy against him detected, 383. Summons a conference of divines at Hampton Court, on points of faith and religious discipline, 38.5. Why averse to the Puritans, 385. His behavior at the conference, 387. His reply, when solicited in favor of prophesyings, 387. Summons a parliament, 388. Orders that no outlaw shall be chosen, 390. Orders the commons to confer with the judges concerning the election of Sir Francis Goodwin, an outlaw, 391. Compromises the affair with them, 392. His mistaken notions of government and regal prerogative, 393. Calls in and annuls all patents for monopolies, 394. Public-spirited attempts of the commons, 395. Is desirous of a union between the two kingdoms, 396, The commons backward in granting supplies to him, 396. Prorogues the parliament, 397. Concludes a peace with Spain, 398. His eagerness for a cessation of hostilities, 398. Why ignorant of foreign politics, 399. Is strict in executing the penal laws against Papists, 400. History of the gunpowder conspiracy, 401. Receives obscure hints of it, 403. His speech to parliament on this occasion, 406. His religious sentiments explained, 407. Remarks on his speech in favor of the projected union of the two kingdoms, 408. Assumes the style of king of Great Britain, 409. Checks the commons in an intended petition against Popish recusants, and for lenity towards the Puritans, 410. Lays open his necessities to parliament, but is mortified with a refusal of suitable supplies, 413. Causes of the present poverty of the crown, 413. How induced to arbitrary exertions of his prerogative, 415. A spirit discoverable among the commons for reforming the constitution on free principles, 416. Owns proclamations not to be equal to laws, but pleads precedents and utility for them, 417. Enters into a treaty for relinquishment of wardships and purveyance, 419. His pleasant conceit on the occasion, 419, n. Procures Vorstius, an Arminian professor of divinity, to be banished from the United Provinces, 421. How induced at length to alter his opinion of the absolute decrees of God, 503. Founds a college at Chelsea for the refutation of Papists and Puritans, 503. His plan for the civilizing of Ireland, 421. Death and character of Henry, prince of Wales, 425. Marries the princess Elizabeth to the elector palatine, 426. His rapid promotion of Robert Carre, a young Scots gentleman, 426. Undertakes his education, 427. Unites the families of Howard and Devereux by marriage, 428. Is prevailed on to procure the divorce of Lady Essex, 430. Creates Carre earl of Somerset, 431. Raises money by the sale of titles, 432. Calls a parliament, 432. Dissolves it in anger, and imprisons some of the members, 434. Instance of his indiscretion in political conversation, 434. Young George Villiers introduced to him, 43.5. Makes Villiers his cup-bearer, 436. Is informed of the secret of Sir Thomas Overbury's death, 436. Orders a strict inquiry into the affair, 436. Pardons Somerset and his lady, 437. His conduct in this instance extenuated, 438. Creates Villiers duke of Buckingham, 438; and lord high admiral, 438. Delivers up the cautionary towns to the Dutch for money, 439. His motives to this composition explained, 439. Proposes to visit Scotland, 441. His former endeavors to establish episcopal authority in Scotland, 442. Proposes to the Scots parliament a law for the government of the church, to be vested in him and the bishops, 446. Is forced to drop the act, 446. Summons a meeting of Scots bishops and clergy at St. Andrews, 446. Is referred by them to a general assembly, 446. Reluctance of the general assembly in admitting the ceremonies enjoined by him, 446. Allows, by proclamation in England, sports and exercises on the Sunday, 447. Releases Sir Walter Raleigh, and grants permission for his expedition to Guiana, 448. Executes Raleigh on his return, 452. Why he refused to acknowledge the elector palatine as king of Bohemia, 456. The nation discontented at his inactivity in the elector's cause, 456. Obtains supplies from parliament, ~58. His reply to the representation of grievances, 459. Fall of the Page 475 INDEX. 475 chancellor Bacon, 460. Prorogues the parliament, 461. Recal.s his patents for monopolies, and redresses grievances, 462. The commons remonstrate to him in favor of the elector palatine, and against the Spanish match, 462. Reproves the house for this measure, 463. They repeat their remonstrance, 464. His behavior to the committee who present it. 464. Tears the protestation of the commons out of their journals, 465. Dissolves the parliament, and punishes the leaders of the opposition, 466. The remarks of both parties on these disputes between him and the parliament, 467. Negotiates with the emperor in favor of the elector palatine, 470. Persuades him to submission, 471. His want of spirit ridiculed abroad, 471. His efforts to conclude the Spanish match, 472. His consent obtained for Prince Charles's journey to Spain, which he repents afterwards, 476. Is bullied by Buckingham into compliance, 477. Concessions in favor of the -Catholic religion made by him in the marriage treaty, 479. Yields to Buckingham's opposition to the match, 482. Assents to Buckingham's insincere representation of the affair to parliament, 484. Agrees to a war with Spain, 485. Endeavors to justify the earl of Middlesex, impeached by the commons, 487. Begins to estrange himself from Buckingham, 488. Receives intimations of Buckingham's schemes from the Spanish ambassador, 489. Sends forces to assist the Dutch against Spain, 490. Enters into a treaty for the marriage of Charles with the princess Henrietta of France, 491. Undertakes the recovery of the Palatinate, but to no purpose, 492. Dies, 493. His character, 493. Character of his queen, 494. The number of peers created by him, 495. His moderation in causes tried before the court of high commission, 497. Two Arians burnt in this reign, 500. A review of manners during this reign, 501. Discouraged the gentry living in town, 505. Instance of his liberality, 508. His attention to the navy, 513. His aversion to tobacco, 520. His character as a writer, 526. His reason for expelling Toby Matthews from the house of commons, 559. His notions of the regal power, from his book of the True Laws of Free Monarchies, 561. Inquiry into his conduct in the case of Sir Walter Raleigh, 562. Remarks on his administration in general, 565. Is acknowledged by parliament to have allowed more freedom of debate than any of his predecessors, 569. The general notions of the English government at this time, 570. Testimony of the advantages derived from his peaceable disposition, 572. James II., his accession and first professions, vi. 285. Orders, by proclamation, a continuance of the customs and excise, 286. Goes publicly to mass, 286. Sends an agent to the pope, 286. His reception of the exclusionists, 287. His attachment to Mrs. Sedley, 288. Summons a parliament, 288. His speech to parliament, on the subject of his revenue, 288. Receives a grant of his revenue during life, 291. Monmouth's rebellion suppressed, 295. His undisguised and peremptory language to parliament, 302. Prorogues, and after dissolves it, 304. Remarks on his imprudence with respect to religion, 395. His resolute exertion of the dispensing power, 306. Endeavors to establish it by the case of Sir Edward Hales, 306. Displaces four judges, 309. Brings four Popish lords into the privy council, 310. His violent measures for the establishment c f Popery in Ireland, 311. Revives the court of high commission, 314. Issues a declaration of general indulgence, and suspends the penal laws against nonconformity, 315. Suspends all penal laws in ecclesiastical affairs, and grants a general liberty of conscience, 316. Pays court to the dissenters, 316. Sends a solemn embassy to Rome, 319. Four Catholic bishops consecrated, 319. Dissolves the parliament, 320. Recommends a Benedictine to a degree at Cambridge, 321. His contest with Magdalen College, 322. Repeats his declaration of indulgence, and orders it to be read in churches, 323. Commits six bishops, with the primate, to the Tower, for petitioning against the declaration of indulgence, 325. Orders Gifford, doctor of the Sorbonne, to be elected Page 476 476 INuDEX. president of Miagdalen College, 328. Birth of the prince of Wales, 328 Applies to the prince of Orange tfor his concurrence in his schemnes, 332 Stlows his displeasure against the Dutch, 334. *Is informed by Lewis XIV. of the )rinice of Orange's schermes, 3 8. Disavows Lewis's mieimorial to the states, in his favor, 34J. his army and navy become disaffeeted and mlutinous, 340. Retracts his nseasiures, 341.'1 he prinice of Orallge lands at LTorbay, 344. His chief officers and soldiery desert him, 344. Is deserted by Prince George of Denimiark, and the princess Aiiine 345. His consternatioil at his misfortunes, 316. Issues writs for a new parliament, and sends coi1mmissioners to treat with the prince of Oran)ge, 347. Sends away the queen and prince, and flies, 349. Is seized by the populace, and brought back to London, 351. Embarks for France, 352. His character, 352. James, son of Robert, king of Scotland, afterwards James I., taken prisoner, and educated by Henry IV. of England, ii. 337. His father dies, 337. Carried to France by Henry V., 367. Restored by the duke ol Bedford, 378. Murdered, 378. - II of Scotland, general view of his conduct, ii. 448. How killed, 448. III. of Scotland, his character, iii. 20. Enters into a seven years' truce with Heniry VII., 21. Mlurdered, 35. - IV. of Scotland succeeds, on the murder of his father, iii. 3,5. Receives Perkin WVarbec, and marries him to a Scits lady, 49. Invades England in conjunction with Perkin, 50. Makes a truce with Hetllry VII., and sends Perkin away, 55. Marries Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII., 61. Sends a fleet to assist the French against Henry VIII., 91. Ravatges Northumberland, 100. Loses his time with Laiiv Ford, 100. Defeated, and supposed to be killed at the battle of Flosiden, 101. -- V. of Scotland, is withdrawn by his mother, IMargaret, friomi the power of the duke of Albany, regent of Scotland, iii. 111. Flies from the power of the earl of Angus, 199. Takes the government into his own hanlds, 200. Refuses to concur with his uncle Helry of England in shaking off the yoke of Rome, 200. Assists Francis against the emnperor, 216. Is married to Francis's daughter Magdalen, 217. Death of Queen Magdalen, 217. Is betrothed to the duchess dowager of Longuieville, whom Henry, notwithstanding, solicits in marriage, 258. She is selit to Scotland, 259. Is persuaded by HEnry to join hIn in his religious inniiovations, 270. His clergy dissuade him, 270. HI-enry publishes a manifesto against him, 279. Sir Robert Bowes defeated by thle lords hIume and HEuntley, 280. Is disconcerted in his operations by. the disaffection of his nobility, 280. Removes Lord Maxwell, and appoints Oliver Sinclair general of this army, 280. Battle of.Solway, 281. His death and character, 281. --—, Prince, son of MIary, queen of Scotland, and her husband, Lord D)arnley, born, iv. 76. Is protectedi, by an association of nobility, from the attempts of Bothwell to get him into his power, 90. His mother forced to resign the crown, 9,5. See the next article. - ---— VI. of Scotland proclaimed and crowned, an infant, iv. 95. His party openly ebpoused by Queen Elizabeth, 156, 161.'The earl of Morton resigns the regency to hinl, 177. Count d'Aubigney is sent by tle duke of Guise to detach him from the English interest, 178. Creates D'Aulhigney earl of Lenox, 178. Is seized, by an association of the no. bility, from out of the hands of Lenox and Arran, 190. Summons a par liament and convention of estates, 191. Receives an embassy tromn Elizabeth, 191. Is induced to dissemble his resentment at his detention, 192. Makes his escape, and sunimons his friends to attend him, 195. Wa-io singhalm sent by Elizabeth to discover his true character, 196. Summons a parliament, 196. Writes a copy of verses in praise of Sir Philip Sidney, 212. Escapes from the artifices of the English ambaassador, Dr Wotton, 214. Concludes a league with Elizabeth for their mutual defence, 214. Licentiousness of his clergy, 214. Remonstrates to Quaen Page 477 INDEX. 4'17 Elizabeth against the condemnation of his mother, 233. His behavio on her execution, 247. Prepares to assist Elizabeth against the Spanish invasion, 2,57. Marries a daughter of Denmark, 270. Goes over to Norway to fetch his bride, 270. Philip of Spain excites conspiracies against him, 284. Drives the Catholic lords, who combined against him, out of the kingdom, 285. Negotiates to insure his succession to England, 321 Sends anii embassy to Elizabeth on the suppression of Essex's insurrection, 330. Is acknowledged as heir to the English crown by Elizabeth, 341. See James I. of England. Jane Gray, Lady. See Gray. Jaqueliue, countess of Hainault. See Hainault. Jarnac, battle of, between the duke of Anjou and prince of Cond6, iv. 143. Jefferies, Lord Chief Justice, procures the conviction of Algernon Sidney, vi. 271. His crue'ty towards those who had engaged in Monmouth's rebellion, 298. I. rewarded with the chancellorship and a peerage, 300. Is appointed one of the comnnissioners on the revival of the court of high comnniission, 314, n. Declines in favor by his adherence to the Protestant faith, 321. Is killed by the mob, 350. Jephson, Colonel, makes a motion in parliament for giving Cromwell the title of king, v. 472. Jergeau, the earl of Suffolk besieged and taken prisoner there, ii. 394. Jeromle of Prague bitrnt for heresy by the council of Constance, ii. 371. Jerusalem conquered by the Mahomnetan Arabs, i. 226. Mastered by the Turks, 226. Their depredations on the Christian pilgrims to, the first rise of crusades, 227. See Crusades. Taken by the crusaders, 240. Godfrey of Bouillon made king of, 241. Jesutits, the motives of the establishment of that order, iv. 182. Character of. 153. Campion and Parsons sent into England, 183. Campion executed, 183. Five executed for the Popish plot, vi. 207. Jews, a character of that people, i. 366. How they came to practise usury, 366. Forbidden by an edict to appear at the coronation of Richard., 366. A Inassacre of, 366. The great oppressions exercised against them under the Anglo-Norman kings, 469. A massacre and plunder of, encouraged by F'ltz-Richard, mayor of London, ii. 44. Extortions practised upon theon during the reign of Henry III., 65. The pretences made use of to oppress them, 65. Are accused of adulterating the coin, and cruelly used by Edward I., 73. Banished by him, and robbed and persecuted at the cinque-port towns, 74. Joan d'Are, commonly called the Maid of Orleans, her history previous to her public actions, ii. 388. Becomes inspired with a desire to assist Charles VII., oppressed by the English, 389. Applies to the governor of Vatcouleurs, who sends her to the king, 389. Offert to raise the siege of Orleans, 39). Examined by the theologians and parliament, 391). Intrusted with the command of a convoy to supply Orleans, 391. Enters Orleans with safety, 392. Another convoy enters unmolested, 392. Drives the English from one of their posts, 392. Masters two others, 393. Wounded, 393. The besiegers retire, 394. Takes Jergeau, whither the earl of Suffolk ha I retired, by assault, 394. The probable share she had in these enterprises, 39,5. Attends the coronation of Charles at ftheimns, 396. General terror which the reports of her raised, 396. Inc-lines to return hoinm-, but is detrained by Dunois, 398. Goes to the assistnilc e of CompeirnO, and is taken prisoner, 398. Review of hel conde-t, 39. Tried ior sorcery, 3.9P.Interrogatories )put to her. 4 0. Coldenrited, 4'):. Rtecants her pretensions to, inspiration, 400. Burnt, 401 J3,hl, toou th (ot of Kinlg Ienry Il., his father's kind intentions in his faivor i. 336 Sent to irecuce reland without etI'et, 350. ilis father grief on finding hirn a party in his brother fRichard's revolt, 357'. The bounty of his brother Richard I. to him, 365. Marries Avisa, daughter of the earl of Gloucester, 365. Sumnmons a council at Reading, in his brother Richard's absence, to oppose the tyranny of Longehamp, bishop Page 478 47'INDEX. of Ely, guardian of the realm, 377. Is seduced from his allegiance by the ofiers of Philip of France, 377. Abets Philip's invasion of Normandy, 383. Claims the kingdom of England, as heir to his brother, whom he reported to be dead, 383. Returns to France, and openly acknowl edges his alliance with Philip, 384. All his possessions in England forfeited on account of this treason, 387. The laconic letter sent him by Philip on Richard's release, 387. His treacherous conduct to Philip previous to his submitting to his brother, 388. Retrospect of his measures to secure the succession, while his brother was absent in Palestine, 394. His accession to the crown on Richard's. death, 395. Concludes a peace with Philip, 396. Procures a divorce from his wife, and espouses Isabella, daughter of the count of Augouleme, who had been married to the count de la Marche, 397., His nobles refuse to attend him to quell the commotions in France, without a confirmation of their privileges, 397. But are intimidated by him, 397. Incenses the Norman barons against him, 398. Violates his engagements to Philip, 398. Takes young Arthur, duke of Brittany, prisoner, with the count de la Marche, and other Norman barons, 399. His conference with Arthur, 400. Kills him, 401. Generally detested for this cruel act, 401. Is summoned before Philip to answer for this murder, and, on non-appearance, sentenced to forfeit all his royalties in France, 401. Besieges Alen<;on, but obliged to abandon it by the address of Philip, 4C2. Resigns himself to a stupid inactivity, 402. Flies over to England on the taking of Chateau Gaillard, 404. The possession of Normandy recovered by the French, 405. Oppresses his barons for deserting him in Normandy, 405. Makes ineffectual preparations for recovering Normandy, 406. Makes a disgraceful expedition to Rochelle, 406. Remarks on the tenden(y of his behavior, 406. His conduct on the clandestine election of Reginald to the see of Canterbury, 408. Procures John de Gray, bishop of Norwich, to be elected, 408. Appeals to the pope on the occasion, 408. His rage on the pope's setting aside both competitors, and appointing Cardinal Langton to the primacy, 410. Expels the monks of Christ Church, 411. Is threatened with an interdict, 411. His opposition and incapacity to support it, 411. The kingdom interdicted, and the immediate consequences of it, 412. His retaliation, 412. His cruel treatment of William de Braouse's wife and son, 414. Is excommunicated, 415. His treatment of Geoffiey, archdeacon of Norwich, 415. His bishops withdraw themselves out of the kingdom, 416. Is deserted by his nobility, 416. Proposes a conference with Langton, but his terms rejected by him, 4i6. His subjects absolved from their allegiance to him, 416. His kingdom offered by the pope to Philip of France, who prepares an armament to take possession of it, 417. Assembles his vassals at Dover, to oppose him, 417. Is prevailed on by the legate, Pandolf, to submit to the pope, 418. Resigns his kingdom to the pope, 418. His men,-. homage to Pandolf, 419. His cruel resentment to Peter of Pomfret, 419. Proposes an invasion of France, but is deserted by his barons, 421. His abject submissions to Langton, and the prelates who returned with him, 422. The exorbitant claims of restitution by his clergy, 422. The interdict taken off, 422. Makes a fruitless expedition to France, 423. His barons confederate for a renewal of their charter of liberties, 424. Their formal demand thereof, 425. Yields the right of investitures to his clergy to attach them to him, 425. Appeals to the pope against his barons, 426. Refuses to grant their demands, 428.., They commence hostilities against him, 428. He signs the Great Charter of English liberties, 429. Makes further concessions to them, 432. Twenty-five barons appointed conservators of this charter, 433. Takes secret nceasures to oppose his barons, and applies to the pope, 434. Receives forces from abroad, with the pope's bull against the Great Charter, 434, 435. Besieges and takes the Castle of Rochester, 43.5. His cruel treatment of the garrison, and devastation in the open country, 435, 436. The Page 479 INDEX. 479 barons offer the kingdom to Lewis, son of Philip of France, 436. Is deserted by many of the barons on the arrival of Lewis, 437. Dies, 438 His character, 438. His children, 439. Granted the first charter to the city of London, 440. Hiis cruel extortion of money from a rich Jew, ii. 66. John, king of France, son of Philip de Valois, puts the constable D'Eu to death, ii. 238. Seizes Charles, king of Navarre, and imprisons him, 239 Is defeated, and taken prisoner at Poictiers, by Prince Edward, 244. Is nobly treated by Edward, 245. Is carried to London, 246. Concludes a dishonorable treaty with Edward, which is disclaimed by the dauphin, 250. Recovers his liberty by the treaty of Bretigny, 253. Ratifies this treaty at Calais, 253. Returns to England, and dies, 254. —, Don, of Austria, is appointed governor of the Low Countries, on the death of Requestms, iv. 168. Is forced to agree to the treaty called the Pacification of Ghent, 168. Breaks this treaty, and seizes Namur, 169 Projects a marriage with Mary, queen of Scots, 169. Gains an advantage over the Flemings at Gemblours, 170. Is poisoned, as supposed, by Philip, 170. I- II., duke of Brittany, marries his brother's daughter, as his heiress, to Charles de Blois, ii. 212. -- of Gaunt. See Lancaster. Jones, Colonel, contributes to the defeat of Charles I., at Chester, v. 314. -—, Inigo, is prosecuted by the parliament for assisting in rebuilding the cathedral of St. Paul, v. 527. Jonson compared with Shakspeare as a dramatic writer, iv. 523. Joseph, Michael, instigates an insurrection in Cornwall against Henry VII., iii. 51. Defeated and executed, 53. Journals of the house of commons, when they first began to be regularly kept, iv. 411. Joyce, Cornet, seizes Kfing Charles I. at Holdenby, and carries him to the army, v. 335. Judges, itinerant, why first appointed, i. 459. Their answer to the question propounded to them by Henry VIII. respecting attainders, iii. 256. Patents given them, during good behavior, by Charles I., v. 171. Four displaced by James II., preparatory to trying the case of Sir Edward Hales, vi. 309. Judgment of God, in the Anglo-Saxon law, what, i. 172. Julius II., Pope, his character, iii. 83. Joins in a league with the emperor and the kings of France and Spain, against the Venetians, 83. Declares war against the duke of Ferrara, 84. Interdicts the council of Pisa, 85. The Swiss in his interest drive the French out of Milan, and reinstate Maximilian Sforsa, 90. Dies, and is succeeded by Leo X., 9'. III., Pope, his joy at the return of England to its obedience to the church of Rome, iii. 411. His commission to Cardinal Pole with respect to church lands, 464. ----— Agricola. See Agricola. Caesar. See Caesar. Juries, origin of the appointment of, for judicial decisions, i. 72. Jurisprudence, revival of the Roman, and its advantages over those modes which preceded its revival, ii. 509. Why it did not become the municipal law of England, 509. Jurors, anciently punished by fine and imprisonment for finding a verdict contrary to. the direction of the judges, iv. 350. Jury, a list of the Puritanical names of, in the time of the commonweal"th v. 443, n. Justice of peace, the first institution of that office, ii. 137. Justiciary, chief, that office when abolished, ii. 138. Justinian's Pandects, the accidental finding of, how far advantageous t the revival of civil policy, ii. 509. Jutes, where they settled in Britain, i. 17, m. Page 480 480 INDEx. Juxon is made bishop of London and high treasurer, v. 78. Resigns, 15C Attends Charles I. at his execution, 376. Kendred, king of Mercia, resigns his crown, and ends his days in penance at home, i. 37. Kenric, the Saxon, defeats the Britons, fighting against his father, Cerdic, i. i18. Kent, history of the Saxon kingdom of, i. 22. —, earl of, brother to Edward II., engages with Queen Isabella in s conapiracy against his brother, ii. 163. Pursues Edward to Bristol, 165. Is insnared by the arts of Mlortinler, condemned, and executed, 183. —, maid of. See Barton, Elizabeth. Ket, a tanner, excites and heads an insurrection in Norfolk against enclosures, iii. 358. Is defeated by Dudley, earl of Warwick, and executed, 3,58. Kildare, earl of, made deputy of Ireland, under the duke of Richmond, iii. 199. Is called over to answer for his conduct, and dies in prison, 199. His son, with five uncles, executed for joining the Irish rebels, 199. Kilkenny, council of, a cessation of arms concluded with, by the earl of Oromond, v. 266. Glamorgan's treaty with, 318. Concludes a peace with Ormond, and engages to assist the king, 390. Kilsyth, battle of, between the earl of Montrose and the Covenanters, v. 315. Kinubolton, Lord, takes part with the commons in their disputes with Charles I., v. 202. Is impeached by the king, 206. King of England, a sunmmary view of his power as a feudal prince, i. 446. NIaturally favored by the common people, 449. Heard causes often personally in his court, 458. All who act under the authority of him, for the time being, indemnified fiom future attainder by statute, iii. 46. Observations on this law, 46. Extent of his power at the time of Henry VII., 68. Kirkaldy of Grange, commander of the Castle of Edinburgh, declares for Queen Mary, iv. 155. Is reduced by the English, and executed by his countrymen, 156. Kirke, Colonel, his savage cruelty after the battle of Sedgemoor, vi. 297. Kirkpatrick, the crest and motto of that family, whence derived, ii. 135. rKnevet, Sir Thomas, engages the French admiral, Primauget, off the coast of Brittany; and the two admirals blown up, iii. 89. Knights, formerly distinguished in battle only by the ensigns on their shields, i. 393. Knights' fees, the number of those established by William the Conqueror, i. 452. How the number decreased, 455. -- of shires, to assist in parliament, when they first began to be appointed, ii. 33. See Commons. Knolles, Sir Robert, invades France from Calais, but is defeated by Du Guesclin, ii. 263. Knox, John, the Scots reformer, remarks on his account of the murder of Cardinal Beaton, iii. 333, n. Arrives in Scotland from Geneva, iv. 20. Inspires the people with zeal against Popery, 20. Riot thereupon, 20. Becomes chief director of the Congregation of the Lord, 23. Instigates the people aiiml preachers to insult Queen Mary on her arrival, for her adherence to the Catholic religion, 37. His insolent speeches to Mary on her kind overtures to him, 38. Defends the outrages committed in the queen's chapel, 41. Insults Lord Darnley, on his marriage'with Mlary, 68. Labor, the price of, attempted in vain to be reduced by parliament, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 275. And commodities, remarks on the corn parative prices of, at the time of Henry VII., and now, iii. 73. Laci, Roger de, constable of Chester, his gallant defence of Chateau Gaillard for John, against Philip of France, i. 403. His generous treatment by Philip when the place was taken, 404. Lambert, a schoolmaster, controverts the real presence, ii. 250. Is Page 481 U~D)L 48 cused, and appedls to Henry YIII., 251. Henry enters into a formal disputation with him, 251. Is silenced, and sentenced as a heretico 252. Is burnt with great cruelty, 2;2. Lambert is disapzpointed of the licutenancy of Ireland by the intrigules of Oliver Cromwell, v. 393. F1oll)vow Charles I:. out of Scotland into Enigland, 416. Cromwell appointed protector by his means, 444. VOpposes the motion for giving Cromwell the title of kilng, 473. Is deprived of his culllo iss ons, aild retires with a pension, 478. Engagres in the cabal of:Wallilngford House, 492. SiOppresses an insurrection of royalists, and takes Sir George Booth prisoner, 497. Forinms a association alinongr the officers against the parliainent, 497. Is cashiered, 498. Expels the parliament, 498. Esta;blishes the committee of safety, 498. Mrliches northwaard to meet Monlk,.535. Is committed to the'lTower, 596. Escapes, 515. Is retaken by Ilgolfdsby, 515. Is excepted from the act of indemnlity onr the restoration, vi. 4. Is tried, 24. Is reprieved, ancd confined in Guernsey, 27. Lambeth, a council summnlloned there by Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, to inqltire into the lawfulness of Matilda's mn-arrying Henry I., i. 246. Lancaster, Edmond, earl of, sent by Edward; I. to accomimodaite diferences Iwith Philip, king of France, ii. 93. Makes ani unsuccessful atteclk upon Guienne, 109. Dies, 109. Thomas, earl of, his character, opulence, and power, ii. 145. Heads a confederacy of barons against Piers Gavaston, 146. Comles to parliament with anl armed retinue, and demands the banlishiment of -Gavaston. 146. Is made hereditarv steward, 140. Forms another confederacy against Gavaston, 149. IRaises an army against the kingl, 149. Puts Gavaston to death, 150. Insists on a renewal of the ordiilances after' the defeat of Bannockburn, 150. Combines with the barons to ruin the Despensers, 156. Opposes the king with an army, 159. Is defeated by Sir Andrew Harcla, and executed, 160. His character, 16). A curious view of his annual expenses, I76., earl of, brother and heir to Thomas, earl of, joins the conspiracy of Isabella and Mortimer against Edward II., ii. 163. Edward delivered into his custody, and confined to Kenilworth Castle, 165. Is suspected of favoring the king, who is therefore taken out of his hands, 167. Is appointed guardian to the young king, 178. -~- --, Henry, earl of, is engaged in fruitless negotiations for peace between Edward III. and Jolin, king of France, at Avignon, ii. 238. Is sent with an army into Normandy, 241. Is created duke of Lancaster, 251. Ende'avors an accommodation. between Edward and John of France, his prisoner, 25l1. John of Gaunt, duke of, son tolEdward III., accompanies his brother in his expeditionr to Castile, ii. 2.58. Marries the dauighter of Henry, duke of, 259. Espouses, for his seoand wife, the dau'ghter of Peter, king of Castile, 260. His army in France harassed and destroyed, 263. The administration of government committed to hint by his father, 264. His great authority during the minority of Richard II., 281. Consequence of his pretensions to the crown of Castile, 281 His unsuccessful attempts in Brittany, 282. His palace at the Savoy burnt by the rabble, 285. Disappointed in hopes of obtaining Castile, 288. Returns home, 297. Obtains a grant of the duichy of Guicnne, 297. Relinquishes it, 297. Dies, 307. Succeeded by his son, the duke of Hereford, 337. See Hereford. -, Henry, duke of, his character, ii. 307. Comes over on the embsartion of Richard II. for Ireland, 308. Increase of his army, 308. Seizes Bristol, and executes some of Richard's ministers without trial, 8309. Obtains possession of the king's person, and assembles a parliament in his naine, 3:9. Procures his deposition, 3i4. His challenge of the crown, 314. Reflections on his ostensible pretensions, 314. Calls a parliament by his own authority, 315. See HIenry IV, voL. vI. 41 H Page 482 482 INDEX Lancaster, James, his successful captures from the Spaniards, and expedi tion to Brazil, iv. 228. Comn.ands the first fleet fitted out by the East India Company, 365. Land. See Feudal system. Lanldais, Peter, a corrupt minister of the duke of Brittany, bribed by Edwvard IV. to persuade his master to deliver up Henry, earl of Richlnond, ii. i))0. Enters into a negotiation with Richard III. to betray Richmond, 504. Put to death by the nobles of Brittany, iii. 22. Lan.diecy, besieged by the emperor Charles V., iii. 288. Charles forced to a'b; -ndionl it by the succors of Francis, 288 LT afianc, a Milanese monk, made archbishop of Canterbury, i. 198. IIis charl.acter, 198. Crowns WVilliam Rufus, 223). Dies, 223. Luig horile, his trial for the Popish plot, vi. 2J8. ujlagside, battle of, between Mllary, queen of Scots, and Murray, the re-.gelt, iv. 98. Langtoln, Cardinal, appointed archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Inniocent lII., in opposition to Re'ginald and John de Gray, i. 409. Rejects King John's proposal towards an accommodation, 416. Returns to England, and receives the king's submissions, 421, 422. His character, 424. Stimulates the barons to an assertion of their liberties against the oppressions of John, 424. Refuses to publish the pope's bull of excommunication against the barons, 435. Is cited to Rome, and suspended, 435. I anlsdown, battle of, between the royalists and parliamentarians, v. 245. 1 Aselles accuses Queen Catharine Howard of incontinency to Archbishop Cranmer, iii. 271. Confirms his charge to the lord privy seal, 272. la.timtr, Bishop, resigns his bishopric on the pas4ing the law of six articles, and is imprisoned, iii. 254. Is again imprisoned on the accession of Queen Mary, 392. Is sent under a guard to Oxford, to debate on. transt.bstantiation, 400. Is burnt for heresy, with Bishop Ridley, 422. I oud, bhisxop of London, his character, v. 66. Introduces new ceremonies into the church, 67. Is offered a cardinal's hat, 67. Becomes odious to the Puritanas, 68. His behavior in the consecration of St. Catharine's church, 63:. Introduces pictures into churches, 70. Exalts the regal authority, 7.1. Is made archbishop of Canterbury, 78. His ungrateful prosecution of %Williams, bishop of Lincoln, 85. Is attacked by the populace in La-mbeth Palace, which he is obliged to fortify, 120. Is im)eached by the house of commons, 131. Is committed to custody, 132 Is tried, 296. Ar, d executed, 297. Retrospect of his conduct and character, 297, 646. Ltuderdale, duike of, dissuades Charles II. from rigorous measures towards Scotland, vi. 12. Adrises the king to admit presbytery there, 14. Obstructs the union of the two kingdoms, intended by the king, 81. Is one of the cabal ministry, 82. His character, 83. His being employed voted a grievance by the house of commons, 122. Is sent down as commissioner to the Sot3a parliament, 162. Becomes chief minister for Scotlanld, 163. His-viclent and arbitrary administration, 164. His private conduct, 165. Brings down highland clans to ravage the country at frec quarter, 168. His death, 277, n. Laurentius, successor to Augustine, how he brought back Eadbald to the Christian religion, i. 30. Lautrec, Marshal, the French general in Italy, defcated by the imperialists at Bicocca, iii. 137. Raises the'siege of Bayonne, attacked by the enperor Charles V., 145.. Law, the first written code of, in England, i. 29. -, the study of, anciently coufined to -:.e clergy, i. 459. -, civil, the early reception and study of, in our universities, ii. 509. Motives for its reception, 509. Why it did not obtain to be the muanici pal law of England, 509. the common, first rise f,. 1 1&. Page 483 INDEX. 483 Law, criminal, among the Anglo-Saxons, a view of, i. 166., feudal, the original of, traced, i. 441. Its introduction to England, 446. The feudal government in England delineated, 446. -Laws and proclamations, difference off, explained, iv. 417. League, Catholic, formned in France by the duke of Guise against!he Ilugonots, iv. 163. Is revived, 2;)6. Is headed by the duke of M'cayeiime on the death of Guise, 273. Declines on the conversion of Henry IV., 286. _ —- and covenant, soleimn, is firamed at Edinburgh, at the persuasion of Sir Henry Vane, v. 261. Is received by the English parliament, 262. Is renoutr ed by the Scots parliament, vi. 15. Is burnt in England by the hatgman, 18. Learning, the decline of, from the Augustan age to the ages of barbarism traced, ii. 50)8. When the lowest point of depression may be dcted, 508. Gradual recovery of, 509. Circumstances which tended to the revival and advanceulelt of, in the fifteenth century, iii. 76. The state of, in Queen Elizabeth's reign, iv. 375. Remarks on the state of, in Greece, 6521. Account of the revival of, in Europe, 522. In England, 522. Itegates a latere, their power and office described, i. 480. LEgatine court, erected by Cardinal Wolsey, iii. 118. Its oppressions checked, 119. Legitimacy of' birth, disputes between the civil and ecclesiastical courts concerning, in the reign of Henry III., ii. 62. Memorable reply of the barons to the prelates on'this occasion, 63. Leicester is stormned by Charles I., and taken, v. 309. Is retaken by Fairfax after the battle of Naseby, 312. -, earl of, h s insolent behavior fi;ustrates the conference' betveen Henry 11.- of-England and Lewis'VII. of France, i. 341. Invades Suftilk, 342. Taken prisoner by Richard de Lucy, guardian of the kingdorl, 342.,Robert, earl of,- takes the command of Rouen on his retui'n from the crusade, and repulses the attack of Philip of F'rance on that city, i. 383. -- -, Simon de Mountfort, earl of, his history, ii. 29. Marries the sister of Henry III., widow of WVilliam, earl of Pembroke, 30. His disputes with the king, 30. Joins with the barons against him, 31. Enters into a confederacy with them, 31. Is pla~ced at the head of the council of twenty-four, chosen by the parliament at Oxford, to regulate the government, 32. Their regulations, 33. He procures the banishlment of the king's half-brothers, 34. Protests against Henry's cession of Normandy to Le'wis IX., 38. Henry refers the differences between them to Margaret, queen of France, 41. Confederates with other barons against Henry, 42. He leagues with Lewellyn, prince of Wales, who invades the borders, 43. Imprisons the bishops who published the pope's absolution, 43. Levies war on the king, 43. Takes Prince Edward prisoner, 45. Restores him on treaty with the king, 45. His son sent to the assembly of the states of F'rance at Amiens, on the appeal m~ade to Lewis, 46. Rtejects the ai'bitration of Lewis, and renews the war, 46. His message to the king, how answered, 48. Defi;ats Henry at Lewes. and takes him prisoner, 49. Proposes another.appeal to arbitration, 5j. His imperious behavior on this victory, 5:). R.uins the trade of the nation, and encourages piracy, 51. Is menaced with exconmmnunicaticru which he braves anid defeats, 52, 53. - Calls a parliamcent, forms a house of commons, and appnoiits members to be sent by the boroughs, 53.- Reflections on this memorable event, 53. Employs this parlianient to crush his rivals. 54. His tr&eatmnent of Prince Edwa-d, whomn he detained in custody, 55. Edward escapes from him, 56. his son Srmon de'eattd by Prince 13dard, 56. Himself defeated and killed at Eveshais by E iward, 67. Review of his character and conduct, 57. His wvife anld ihildren banished, 59. His sons assassinate their cousin Henry d'Allmaine -at Viterbo, o9. - Lord Robert Dudley created earl of, and proposed as a husband Page 484 iS4 INDEX. by Queen Elizabeth to Mary, queen-of Scots, iv. 63. His character, 6M3 Is suspi)ected oif' 1nliiderinC his wife, to mtake way fior his expectationls of obtailliiring ElIzabeth, 63. Declines the l)rop,)sal of Mary, 63. Is atppoitted ouii o the ('itllnissirlers to i1(1qure into the c(,idlltuct o)f ia y,. l16. ~,rrites a letter t,.Mary, reeolinnteimldinl the duke of No:t';olr to her tfot a l:hiisand, 12'2. L)iscoxers Noroik.'s designs to 1Elizal)eth, 123. } l.he(olts thlit Si!lier, thle dcille of niijout's agent,'acqlired ait ascendele'y v'et lizablleth by ineantatliolls, 184. His mii arriage discovered to tlhe (litell I. b Suin-ler, 1S-. Attllempts tilhe life of Silmer; 184. Flo:rns all a;s.oci;,timl (,f c)urtiers fir the pr1otectionl of thle qtiell agairist aill i-ioleniie or oilspliraet, 13. (Coiiilaiids thle forces seiit o(ver to the JUniiteil i'r-ilets, 2(19. h1is tiransttitns'i theie, 211. ltetillnls to iJngland, 212. Adviset the }poisoillng ol Qulteen ary, 222). ltetllluris to oIIlitlid, wvher t hti: co(dilt is Coiiplainiied of, 251. I:, reeLleld by the queein, 2952. Couiniands i body of t'ot es at.'Tilbury, to oppose the Spanis.h ilvasion,- 2,6. Dies, 275. Instance of Ilis aninrificenit Inariner of livirng, 372. l,eightllh is severely sentenced, ii the str chanlllber, for libelling the king and queel, v. 74. Itecovers his liberty, and obtailis dalna'e.% 1;38. Leip;;ic, bi ttle o', betiweenl Gustavus, king of Sw flenl, anid the illmperial general Tillv, s. 63. Leith is fi;rtified by the regent of Scotland, iv. 24. Is rtedtced by the Englii;h, 27. Is fortified with great zeal by the Covenanters, v. 106. Lenox, Iiatthew Stuart, earl o)t is sei-t by Francis.withl *a pioniiie of suei('ors to Cardinll Bea.ton aiid the quenll dowagerl of Scotlallld, iii. 285. ];litertains hopes of rRingra-i tihe queen dowaager, 289. Patronizes the Proitestant initerest in Scotland, 289. Applies to England for assistance, 290. Is forced by Arran to fly to Englid, and nimarries Henry's iiece, 292. Is invited to Scotland with his son, Lord Dairnley, iv. (66. Inlpl;res justice for the imurder of his son, 82. Is cited to make good his charge oil Bothwell 83. Protests against the precipitate trial of Bothlsiell,iswho) is acquitted, 83. Claimns the regency, as grandfitther to the young King James VI., 95. Appears before the comilssionllers at Haiiltonl Couirt, to implore vengeance for the imurder of his son, 107. Is chosen lieutenant or governor of Scotland; on the death of Murray! 129. Is nmade recent by Elizabeth's allowance, 130. Delivers up the earl of Northumnberland to Elizabeth, 154. Is seized and put to death by Queen Mary's party, 155. -, count d'Aubigney created earl of, iv. 178. Causes the earl of Morton to be tried and executed, 179. The king taken out of his hands bpy an association of nobility, 190. Retires to France, where -he dies, 191. The kindness of James to his family, 191. Lent, the fast of, established in the kingdom of Kent, i. 30. Lenthal is chosen speaker of the long parliament, v. 128. His answer to the king's personial inquiry after the five members, 2n8. Goes to Ilounslow Heath, with the speaker of the house of lords, to desire protection from the army, 345. Is reinstated, 346. Is chosen speaker in parliamlent under the protectorate, 450. Resumes his place as speaker, at the restoration of the long parliament, 494. Is prevented from going to parliament. by Lambert, who puts an end to it, 498. Continues speaker at its second restoration, 506. L'Hospital, chancellor of France, his pleas to elude the restitution of Calais to Queen Elizabeth, iv. 113. Leo X., Pope, his character, iii. 90. Sends a vessel with wine and hams to Henry VIII. and his court, 90. -Excommunicates Lewis XII. of France, and all who adhere to there to he-council of Pisa, 92. Takes off the exconmmu nication from Lewis, 103. Hiis motives to the sale of indulgences, 131. Remarks on his conduct on this occasion, 131. The produrce from the sale of, how applied by him, 131. Bestows the title of Defender of the Faith on HIenrv VIII., 133. Dies, 135. Leofrie, duke of M2excia, his contest with Harold, son-o f earl Godwin, i 129 Page 485 &-rn- x. 48b Leolf, the robber, kills Kino Edmtnd:at a feast, i. 83. Leonard's HIospit-al in Yorkshire, tumult occasioned bylan ancient privilege enjioved by, ii. 457. Leopold, arclhduke of Austria, arrests Richard I. of England, in his return firom Palestine, i. 381. Lesley, No'lan.l, son of the earl of Rothes, distinguishes himself at the battlec of Ancramn iii. 295. -, bishop of Ross, is appointed by MIary, queen of Scots, one of her collmlissioners inI the cause between her and Murray, the regent, iv. 103. Rlefuses to reply to Murray's allegations at Hamlipton Court, 107. He and his associates break sup the conference, 109. Elizabeth's reply to theni 1I). Complalins to the English council of their insincerity towards Mlary, 132. Engages in the duke of Norfolk's conspiracy, 151. Is impris-oned, 153. --, earl of Leven. See Leven. -, l)avid, defeats the earl of Montrose at Philip-haugh in the forest; v.:316. Comnmands the Scots army against Oliver Cromlwell, 411. Follows Croniwell in his retreat to Dunbar, 412. Is ordered to attack Cromwvell, and is defeated, 412. Levellers, their plan for government after the death of Charles I., v. 38B. Leven, Lesley, earl of, marches with a Scots army to the assistance of the English parliallent against Charles I., v. 263. Joins Sir Thonlas Fairftlx, 273. Assists in the defeat of Prince Rupert at Marston Moor, 275. Marches northward, and takes Newcastle by storm, 278. Reduces Carlisle, 314. The klng puts himself into the hands of the army whenl before Newark, 323. Surrenders the king to the-parliamentary commissio ners, 32.q Levisoun Sir Richard, commands a fleet in an expedition to the coasts of Spain, iv. 339. Attacks the harbor of Cerinlbra, and takes a rich carrack there, 339. Lewellyn, prince of WVales, applies to Henry rII. for protection against his reeilliolis son Griffinl, ii. 42. Renews his hostilities on the death of Griffin, 42. Is succeeded by Griffin's son Lewellyn, 42. -, son to Griffin, succeeds his grandfather in the principality of WVales, ii. 42. Renewsvs the homage to Henry, 42. Confederates with Leicester. anid invades England, 43. Is pardoned, but cabals with the barons again, 75. Is sumnmoned by Edward 1. to renew his honiiage, 75. Is subdued by Edward on his non-coospliance, 77. Is defeated and kiiled by Mortinier on occasion of new disputes, 78. His brother David tried as a traitor, and executed, 78. Lewes, balttle of, between Henry 1II. and his barons, headed by the earl 6o Leiee.,te,r ii. 48. The treaty called the JMise of, 50. Lewis the Gross, king of France, disturbs Normandy, i. 259. Endeavors to restore Willialm, son of duike Robert, 260. Defeated by Henryl 1., 261. WVas the fiist establisher of corporations, and awith what view, -54. -- VII, lkinu of France, betrothls his sister Coistantia to Eustace, eldest son of Stephen, king of England, i. 27-1. Divorces Eleanor, heircss of (;nielne; 284. Ahfiances his d utrihteer Margaret to HIeni, eldest son of Itenrv II of EngFland, 292. Anecdotes of a conference hettveen him aicd lHenrv II., in' relation to Becket, archbishop of Canteibury,:317. I)isgrt.ted at his datghter IMargaret not beinsg crowned with Piince ItleIry, 319. Exhorts the p',pe to excomluni catte Kin IIenrly. 32t. Iinc);uraeres the revnlt (f Piince Henry against his father, 339. BIesieges Ver'neuil, in onjunlctioon with Prince Henry, 34. ) His fraudunleiit behaviolr to Kilni Hessia here,:34'. Eats a conlference with Henry, 341. 1isapp))ilite( i ills in'ther tealcherous scherne atainsit Roulen, 34). l)ccives lenrv a;in, o34. Peatce cmncluded Ibetween hils antd Ieniir, 346. Becolle.. slperstitinus, and makes s pilgria'iue to Blecket's shrine, 3i.0 -—, P eldest son of Philip of Fraice, iarried to Blanche of Castile, liece af Jorhi, king of England, i. 396. The barons of England oier- him the Page 486 48G INDEX. — kingdom, 436. Arrives in England with an army, 437. Loses his Influ ence armiong the English barons by his imprudence, 438. The barons who a(lhere to him ex\onmmunicated by the pope's legate, ii. 5. They desert himl, 5. The city of Lincoln taken fiom him by the earl of PIembroke, 6. The FreTlch fleet, comling to his assistancee, deeated by the' Im ilisli, 6. Citcludes a peace with Penmbroke, and goes back to Fr.ance, 7. S,. ccte d s his fathe' Philip in the kinardorn of FIrance, 12. (Lewis 1I1. ilivades Poictiou and takes Rochelle, ii. 12. -- IX. of rallce his chliracter, ii. 37. His conduct tolwards the English, 37. Ot:ills cesSion of N'oltrnalid) fronl Ilenv II., 28. HeB ry refers the ditfferltees between hini and Leicester to his queen, Maracrett, 41. Antother reference made to Iis arbitration, 45. Decides in favor of leurs, 46F. Elgages Prince Edsward in a crusade,- 60. Dies at Turis, in A'ica., 6(0. His character, 60. X.,I killg of France, his character and ambitious views, ii. 456.'Protects the earl of tiWarwick, 461. Leagues wvith hinm and Queen Margafret, 46i2. Assists WValrwick with a fleet, 463. Bujs peace? of Edward lV. at a tribute during his life, 47o5. ILnterviewn between them, 475. Fl ther transac( tions lbet eeiil thliem, 476. Ransomns Queen Margaret, 477. IteftlectiOlls on hii, t(onduct towairds the duke of Bur1gundy and his daitghtem, 478. Co(tnludes a peace with Maxsimilian, king of the Rhomans, and marries the daulphin to his daughter Mairgaret, iii. 21. -- X II. of I'raice sulbd ues the duchy of Milan, iii. 59. Engages Perdiandtl of Slpin to assist hinm in seizing Naples, 82. Outwitted- by him, 82..loiri in a le ague against the Venetians, 83. His niephew Gaston de fl'ix dlefialts the Sp)arish ttnd' papal armnies, but is killed, 89. Loses his c(tllqtllt-ts il It;aly.. Excoimmiunicated b Pope l,eo X,92. Senrds relief to Teronellene, esieged by Hellr- VIII., 97. Coileluldes a treaty v.ittl Iertdinatdl(, atid ofetrs his daughter for onr e of his graildstons, 10(3. Etnilt",iers the (llike de Lolltileville, prisoner in Eniglannd to conclllde a tretSty with Ilelry, 104. Stiputltes to pay lthe arrears of the penlsion du(e to I ingland, 104. Marries Henry's sister, anid dies quickly aftert, 1!)5. --- IV. suceedls to the crown of- France, an infant, v. 456. -Meets Philil tf Spaiii at the Pyreniees, and espouses his daughter, 5)0. Joins the I)iitt it itn the war;ith Ellglaid, vi. 4,5. His personi and character described, 6'1. Forms ipretenlsiotls to the duchy of Braliant, in right of his (ltctlee, 6l. His railid conquests in the Low Coitries. 632. His haulr-lltt behtavior to the courts of Europe, 62. The trilple alliance formed agiiist Iiin, 6,5. His art in tbringing Charles II. over to the French interest, 86. His suddeni irrulption itnto Lorrain, 87. Declares war against Hltt!aid, 98. Marches a large armiy to the Dutch friontiers, 99. Ilis rapid successes in the Low dountries, 104. Enters Utrecht, 10i. His deianlds fromn the Dutch deputties sent to implore petace, 1()7. Is opproed, at last, Ity the pritnce of Orange, 112. Enters into treaty with Chariles II. to restO(re Popery in Englatid, 127, n. Serves as a volunteer uiider the prilce of CTdtld, 137. Takes Condo by storni, 14(). His receptionI of the earl of Feversham. senit with the terms of peace to himl,. 152. Takes Ghelit alid Ypres, 154. Treaty at Ninieguien cotl cluded, 159. His prosperouls situiation by this treaty, 160. His hauighty -and arbitrary trelatment of the Eiropeant powers, 278. Revokes the edict of N antz, 305. A league foirnied against him by the prince of Orange, 332. Informs Janies of the prince of Oratnge's schemes, 338. Receives James kindly on his abdication, 3,52. His great regard for literature, 373. --, Dr., a Welsh plhysician enlployed to negotiate a marriage between the princess Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., and Henry earl of Hichmend, ii. 501. keyden is besieged by the Spaniards, iv. 166. Liberty, civil, the revival of arts favorable to, ii. 511. Instance showsing~ the barons to have been sensible of this, 511, 2t. A regular plan formed Page 487 INDEX. 4SM by the commons at the commencement of the reign of Charles I. for the establishment of, v. 4. Lidington, Maitland of, is sent by the Protestant association in Scotland, called the Congregation of the Lord, to request assistance of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 2.5. Is again sent to-thank her, and request further aid, "90. Is made secretary of state by Queen AMary, 36. Is sent to London Nxith M[ary's compliments to Elizabeth, and to require a declaration of her successiol to the English crown, 43. Enters into a confederacy of Scots nobles, to protect Prince James, and punish the mnurderers of his father, 91. Assists at the conferences concerning Mary, before the English and Scots commissioners, 103. Encourages the duke of Nor-, folk in the hopes of espousing AMary, 105. Takes part with Knirkaldy of Grange in favor of Mary, and is supposed to have killed himself, on the suppression of the party by Elizabeth, 156. Lilburne, his cruel prosecution in the star chamber, and resolution in suffering, v. 87. Recovers his liberty, and obtains damages, 138. Is imprisoned by the parliament for his seditious writings, 395. Is acquitted on trial by the new statute of treasons, 421. Is again tried and acquitted during the protectorate, 448. Lilla, an officer of King Edwin's army, his extraordinary fidelity to him, i. 33. Lillibullero, on what occasion this song was made, vi. 348. Limneric is besieged and taken by Ireton, v. 424. Lincoln, the city of, taken from Lewis by the earl of Pembroke, ii. 6. Is taken for the long parliament by the earl of Manchester, v. 27.5., John, earl of, his family and character, ii. 16. Retires to the court of the dhchess of Burgundy, 17. Commands Simnel's army, and is killed at the battle of Stoke, 18. Lincolnshire, insurrection headed there by Sir Robert Welles, in the reign of Edward IV., ii. 460. The insurgents defeated by the king, 460. Lindesey, earl of, is sent to the relief of Rochelle, but is unable to pass the mole, v. 50. Signs a protestation against the liturgy, 100.o Commnands under the king at the battle of Edge Hill, 236. Is mortally wounded, and taken prisoner, 237. Lisle, Dudley, Lord, commands the fleet of Henry VIII. in an invasion of Scotland, iii. 292. -, Lady, the cruel persecution of, vi. 299. Literature, the state of, in QueenlElizabeth's reign, iv;. 376. Liturgy, one framed by a committee of bishops and divines, iii. 350. In what. respect it -differed from the old mass book, 350.. Is revised, 370 Is authorized by parliament, 375. Is suppressed by the restoration of the mass by Queen Mary, 400. Is restored by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 10. Is abolished by the assembly of divines at Westminster, v. 291. Is again admitted at the restoration, vi. 10. Loans, arbitrarily exacted by Queen Elizabeth from her subjects, iv. 351. A general one required by Charles I., v. 21. Persons confined for refusal, 22. Other oppressions exercised against them, 2.5. Lochlevin Castle, Mary, queen of Scots,- confined there, iv. 92. She makes her escape from thence, 97. Lockhart is made governor of Dunkirk by Oliver Cromwell, v. 481. Ilis scruples when applied to by Monk to join in restoring the king, 513. Lollards, the followers of Wickliffe the reformer, their tenets, ii. 319. Favored by the duke of Lancaster, 320. One burnt for heresy, 329. Another, 342. Prosecution of Lord Cobham as their head, 348. Ilis transactions and execution, 349. The points of reformation aimed at by them, 349. The doctrines of Martin Luther embraced by them, iii. 133. See Heresy, and Reformation. London, a flourishing Roman colony there, destroyed, and the inhabitants massacred by the Britons, i. 6. Burnt by the Danes, 54. Rebuilt by Alfred, 65, Submits to William, duke of Normandy, 180. The liberties Page 488 of, confnrmed, but, the inhabitants disarmed by him, 183. A synnod sum ilouAi there, 2316. Another, 265. Cliharter granted to, by King Henry I., 2t8 The citizens sunimmoned to a council to recognize the pretensions of the empress Matilda, 281. Conmputation of the number of its inbabita'nts at this time, 281. Revolts against Matilda, 282. Massacre ot Jews there at the coronation of Richard I., 367. Its first charter of incorl oration, when granted, 440. Tumults excited there in favor of t..e barons by Fitz-Richard, the mayor, ii. 43, 46. The citizens rise in favor of Queen Isabella, and murder the bishop of Exeter, 164. They put Baldoc, the chancellor, in Newgate, and kill him by. bad usage, 166. Great destruction there by the plague, 237. John, king of France, brought prisoner to, 246. Its charter seized by Richard 11., 298. The chapter lands of that see seized by Henry VIII., iii. 274. An insurrection of apprentices, and others there, to oppose the encouraging foreign artificers, 314. Queen Mary's title acknowledged by the, magistrates of, in olpposition to Lady Jane Gray, 389. Twenty thousand die there of the. plague brought from Havre -de Grace, iv. 61. The Royal Exchange built by Sir Thomas Gresham, 369. The. number of foreigners in, at this time, 369. Great plague there in James's reign, 388. The number of its inhabitants at this time, 388. Is the centre of all the commerce of the kingdom, 395. The continued concourse of the gentry there, discouraged by James I., 505. He renews the edicts against increasing buildings in, 505. Brick buildings in, by whom introduced, 513. Another plague in,.v. 6..Refuses a loan to the king, 20. Ship money levied on it by Charles, 21. Refuses another loan to the king, 121. Petitions for a parliament, 123. The treaty with the Scots at Rippon, adjourned to, 125. Petitions for a total alteration of church governnient, 143. The king comes to the common council, 208. The city petition parliament, as also-the porters.and -apprentices, 212. Takes part with the parliament against the king, 227. Its train bands join the earl of Essex,.238. Sends four regiments of militia to Essex, 255. Its militia ordered out by the parliament to defend it against the army, 340. Petitions the parliament against the change of its militia, which the populace oblige it to grant, 344. The common council refuse an -ssessmnent to the long parliament on its restoration, and declare for a iree parliament, 509. Lends money to Charles II. for the Dutch war, vi. 39. Great plague of, 44. Is burnt, 50. Good effects of this calamity, 50. Disputes between the citizens and Sir Robert Clayton, lord mayor, about the election of sheriffs, 219. Disputes between the citizens and Sir John Moore on the same occasion, 256. A writ of quo vearranto issued against the city, 258. Conditions on which the charter was restored, 260. The mayor, aldermen, and a deputation of the-corn. monl council, summoned to the convention parliament, 354. London bridge, when first finished of stone, i. 440. Lonabeard. See Fitz-Osbert. Lon,'champ, bishop of Ely. See Ely. Longueville, duke of, defeated and taken prisoner by Henry VIII., at the battle of Spurs, iii. 98. Negotiates a peace between Henry and Lewis, 104. duchess, dowager of. See Guise, Mary of. Lopez, Roderigo. physician to Queen Elizabeth, is executed for receiving a bribe from the Spanish ministry to poison her, iv. 285. Lords, house of, their proceediiigs in settling the plan of government during the minority of Richard II., ii. 280. Their proceedings against the king's ministry at the instigation of the duke of Gloucester, 294. The irregularity of their judicial proceedings, 296. The duke of Ilereford's accusation,.g.inst the duke of Norfolk, 305. Duel between them prevented by the king, 30t. Tunmults among, at the accession of Ilenry IV., 327. Debate on the pretensions of Richard, duke of York, 437.;knowl4ge his Prh t of attcesSion and pm'se lnm eo t, 4. Page 489 -INDEX. 489 Condemn the duke of Clarennce, brother to Edward IV., 481. Their charge agtrinst Cardinal Wolsey, iii. 177. Franme the bill of six articles, for abolishing diversity of opinions in religion, 253. Henry conimplins to them of tile diversity of religions, 261. Their fl tteri to Cromwell, earl of Essex, 262. Condenin Croinwell without trial,'264. Petition the king to li'ly his mlarriatge with Anne of Cleves before the convocaLtiln, 265 The lord Moluntjoy protests against the bill establishing a council tn jullge ofences atgainst the king's proclamations, 287. Pass a bill of attaiider acgrinst the duke of Norfolk, 3)6. Lord Seymnour attaiinted, 349. Pass a severe law against treason, which is altered by the coinmnus, 376. Frame a poor bill, which is rejected by the coimmnons, 376. Are impatient to have the succession of the crown settled, iv. 77. Check the colll nmns, by the queenl's order, from debating on matters of religious reformaition, 1t36. Are refused a conference desired wvith the comimons, 175. The commons dispute with them concerning punctilios, 29,5. Send a bill to the commnons for entailing the crown lands on the king and his successors, which is refused, 397. The number of lords in the house, in the reign of James I., 495. Impeachnlent of the earl of Bristol and duike of Buckingham, v. 13. Procure the earl of Arundel's liberty, 16. 5Remarks on their conduct during the disputes between the king and the commons, 39. Pass the petition of right, 42. Are dissolved, 59. Their interposition with the commons in the long parliament requested by the king, 115. A committee of, joined to one of the lower houe, appointed to sit during the recess of parliament, 172. A committee of. with one of the comnmons, appointed to attend the king to Scotland, 172. The commons declare an intention of setting their authority aside, unless they concur with them, 201. The bishops' votes in, taken away, 213. The majority of the peers retire to the king at York, 224. For those transactions wherein the remainder concur with the commons, see Par. liament. Are obliged to pass the self-denying ordinance, 287. Choo:;e Lord Hunsdon speaker, on Manchester's going to the army, 34.5. Reject the vote of the commons for bringing the king to a trial, 370. Ihe house of, voted useless, dangerous, and to be abolished, 383. A house of, summoned by the protector, which the ancient peers refuse to attend, 479. Their jurisdiction refused to be acknowledged by the commons, 479. The peers resume their seats in the parliament, 517. The bishops restored to their seats, vi. 18. Refuse to commit Clarendon to custody on the impeachment of the commons, 568. Vote Clarendon's letter to them a libel, 59. Their disputes with the commons on Skinner's case, 78. Differences with the commons on their altering a money bill, 89. Endeavor to introduce a new test act, enforcing passive nbedience, 133. Great disputes between, and *the commons, on the case of Fag and Shirley, 135. Are prevailed on, by the duke of York, to admit an exception in his favor in the new test act, 187. Refuse to commit Danby on his impeachment by the commons, 190. Pass the bill of attainder against Danby, 198. Resume the business of the Popish plot, 198. The right of the bishops to vote in Darnby's case denied by the commons, 2)5. Reject the exclusion bill, 288., Free the Popish lords impeached by the commons, 293. Take the speech of James II. into consideration, at the motion of Compton, bishop of London, 394. As stime the administration of government on the king's flight, 3,50. Desire the prinice of Orange to assume the government, and summon a convention, 354. Their debates on the question of a new king or a regency, 358. Their conference with the commons, 359. Lords of articles in the Scots parliament, an account of their institution, v. 17.5. Are abolished, 17.5. Lorne, Lord, son of the earl of Argyle, obtains the gift of his father's forfeiture, vi. 15. Is condemned on the statute of leasing makinig, 67. Is pardoned by the king, 67. Retrospect of his life, 219 Is created earl of Argyle, 249. See Argyle. Page 490 490'O INDEX. Lorraine, cardinal of. See Guise. Advises his niece, Mary, queen of Scots, to rigor against the Protestant leaders who had taken arms against her, iv. 71. Concerts a massacre of the French Hugonots, 71. See Ilnglonots. Founds a seminlary at Rheims for the educlation of English Catholics, 182. Lotllhatie, elder brother of Egbert, king of Kent, dispossesses his nephew Fd(ric, i.'3). Defeated and killed by him, 30. Loudonl, Lord, is comunitted to the Tower for signing a letter sent by the Scots mnalecontents to the king of France, v. 113. Is Imade anI earl, 176. Is sent with other coimmnissioners by the Scots to Oxford, to iriediate Jetween the king and parliament, 260. Returns dissatisfied, 261. Does public penance for countenancing the royalists, 365. _ —---- Hill, the Covenanters repulse an attack on a conventicle there, vi. 210. Lovel, Viscount, heads an insurrection in the north, against Henry VII, iii. 12. Flies to Flanders, 12. Joins Lambert Sininel, 17. Supposed t0 be killed at the battle of Stoke, 18. Louise of Savory, mother of l'rancis I. of France, her character, iii. 143. lMlakes overtures of nmarriage to Charles, duke of Bourbon, wvhich he Jrejects, 143. Deprives Bourbon of his possessions by a lawsuit, 143. Concludes an alliance xith England, on the captivity of F1'rancis, 150. A large present exacted of her covertly, by Wolsey,- on the treaty with I-lenry, 152. Louviers, peace concluded there, between Philip of France and Richard I of Englanld, i. 389. Low Counttries, state of, at the time of Henry VII., iii.; 21. See Nether. lands, and United Provinces. Lucy, Richard de, left guaidian of the kingdom by Henry II. during his absence in France, i. 342. Repulses the irruptions of the Scots, 342. Sutppresses an invasion of Flemings under the earl of Leicester, and takes him prisoner, 342. Ludlow, Lieitenanit-General, obtains command of the army in Ireland, on the death of Ireton, v. 425. Engages in the cabal of Wallingford House, 492. Ludovico, duke of Milan, invites the French to an invasion of Naples, iii. 47. Joins the enmperor, and other princes, in a league against France, 47. Milan subdued bv the French, 59. Lupicaire, a Bratbanqon, commands at Falaise for John, king of England, i. 404. Surrenders the pllace to Philip, and enlists with him against,John!, 404. Luslignan, Gnly de, how he became king of Jerusalem, i. 375. Loses his kingdonl, and applies to Richard I. of England, at Cyprus, to establish his title in opposition to Courade, marquis of Monutferrat, 37.5. Made king of C'yprus by Itichard, on quitting his pretensions to the crown of Jerusalem, 379. Iuther, Martin, his character, and the motives for opposing the sale of ildulteue ces, iii. 132. Is patronized by the elector of Saxony, 132. The progress of his opinions in Germlany, 132. Ilis doctrines emibraced by the, Lollards in England, 133. Is wrote against by Henry VIII., 133. His sharp reply to iHelnry's book, 133. The quick progress of his doctrines, owing partly to the art of printing, 134. Termns the pope Antichrist, 134. Several of his disciples take shelter in England, 370. Luxenlbourg, Mareschal, defeats the prince of Orange at St. Oniers, vi. 145. Is attacked at St. Dennis by the prince of Orange, the day after the peace of Nimefuten, 159. Iusxury, laws against, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 276. Iyons, a general council c lled there, by. Pope Innocent IV., to excommuniicate the emperor Frederic II., ii. 22. Complaints translmitted to it by Ilenry III. and his nobility, 22. Council of, remioved thither from Pisa, iii. 85. Interdicted by the pope, 85...enounced by Lewis XII. of France, 103 Page 491 INDEX. 49 Iaebeth, a Scots nobleman, murders Duncan, king of Scotland, and usurps the crown, i. 130. Is defeated and killed by Siward, duke of Northumberland, 130. Maccail, a Scots Covenanter, expires under torture in ecstasy, vi. 72. Macgill, Sir James, is by the Scots parliament appointed a commissioner to treat with Elizabeth concerning AMary, iv. 131. Is dismissed by Elizabeth without concluding on any thing, 132. Mackrel, Dr., prior of Barlings, heads an insurrection against Henry VIII., iii. 235. Is deserted by his adherents, taken, and executed, 236. Madrid, treaty of, between the emperor Charles V. and his prisoner, Francis I. of France, iii. 155. Mwegbota, in the ancient German law, what, i. 166. Magdalene, sister to Pope Leo X., the produce of indulgences in Saxony assigned to her, iii. 131. Farms the sale out to Arcemboldi, a Genoese, 131. See Arcemboldi. College, Oxford, its contest with James II., vi. 322. The president and fellows expelled, 323. Gifford, doctor to the Sorbonne, appointed president by mandate, 328. Magna Charta. See Charter of Liberties. MIalhomet, the prophet of the East, a general review of the transactions of him and his followers, i.-226. Maine, the province of, agreed to be. ceded to the duke of Anjou, on the marriage of his niece Margaret with Henry VI., ii. 410. Surrendered and alienated from the English government, 413. Mainfroy, natural son of the emperor Frederic II., his contest with the pope for the crown of Sicily, ii. 23. A crusade published against him, 24. Major-generals, established by Cromwell all over England, v. 453. Their authority reduced, 472. Maitland of Lidington. See Lidington. Malherbe's Ode to Mary de Medicis, writ in 1614, a stanza of, iv. 571. Malta, knights of, refuse to surrender up their revenues to Henry VITI.4 iii. 262. Their order dissolved by parliament, 262. Manbote, in the ancient German law, what, i. 167, n. Mlanchester, earl of, is by the parliament appointed general of an association of several counties against Charles I., v. 254. Defeats the royalists at -lorncastle, 258. Takes Lincoln, and jjoins Fairfax in the siege of York, 275. Assists in defeating the king at Newbury, 280. Disputes between him and Cromwell, 284. Goes as speaker of the house of lords, with Lenthal of the commons, to Hounslow Heath, to desire protection of the armly, 345. Is appointed lord chamberlain by Charlds II., vi. 2. Manners, a review of, in the thirteenth century, i. 473. State of, in the reign of Edward II. ii. 174. During that of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 371. A review of, during the reign of James I., 504. A review of, during the time of the commonwealth, v. 518. Great alteration in, produced by the restoration, vi. 371. Mansel, chaplain to Henry III., his enormous possession of pluralities; ii. 21. Mansfeldt, Count, commands an army in the service of Frederic, elector palatine, iv. 471. Is dismissed, and engages in the service of the United Provinces, 471. Is engaged by James, and assisted with men, to recover the palatinate, 492. His men reduced by sickness, 493. Manufactures, state of, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 369. State of, in the reign of James I., 515. Great increase of, after the restoration, vi. 370. tlanwaring is impeached by the commons for his sermon on the regal prerogative in levying taxes, v. 43. Is promoted to the see of St. Asaph, 44, March, earl of. See Mortimer. Marche, Count de. la, his wife, Isabella, taken from him by the count of Angouleme, her -father, and married to John, king of England, i. 397. Excites commotions against John in the French provinces, 397. Page 492 Is taken prisoner.by John, 400. Marries Isabella on John's death, ii. 18. Margaret of Anjou, her character, ii. 409. Married to Henry VI. of Engo land, 410. Joins the cardinal of Winchester's faction against the duke of Gloucester, 410. Suspected of having some hand in Gloucester's imurder, 412. Delivered of a son, 432. Raises an army~in the north of E]igland, and defeats and kills the duke of York, 439. Her arlmy, under the earl of Pembroke, defeated by Edward, duke of York, at Mortimer's cross, 440. Defeats the earl of Warwick at St. Albans, 440. Regains possession of the king, 441. Retires before the army of Edward, duke of York, 441. Consequences of the licentiousness of her troops, 446. 1Her army routed at Touton, 446. Retires with IHenry to Scotland, 447. Ellndeavors to engage the Scots in her interest, 448. Solicits assistance in France, 451. Deteated at tiexham, 4.51. Her extraordinary adventure with robbers in a forest, 451. Goes to her father's court, and retires, 452. Enters into a league with the earl of WAarwick, 462. Marries her son Edward to the lady Anne, daughter to the earl of Warwick, 462. 3Returns to England on the restoration of her husband, but arrives not till after Warwick's defeat, 467. Ransomed by Lewis of France, 477. lHer character, 477. of Norway, by what title she succeeded to the crown of Scotland, ii. 83). Guardians appointed during her infancy, 80. Treaty of marriage between her and Prince Edward of England, 81. Dies on her passage to Scotland, 82., daughter to Henry VII., married to James IV. of Scotland, iii. 61. Malarries Douglas, earl of Angus, on the death of James IV., 109. Is divorced, and marries another nobleman, 199. Mlarignan, battle of, between Francis I. of Franced and the S\wiss, iii. 113. Markham, Sir George, his oppressive treatment by the court of star chami ber, v. 81. Marlebridge, laws enacted by the parliament summoned there by Henry III., after the barons' wars, ii. 63. Marre, Donald, earl of, appointed regent on the death of the earl of Mur. ray, ii. 187. Is defeated and killed by Edward Baliol, 188. -, earl of, chosen regent of Scotland, on the death of Lenox, iv. 155. Is obliged to conclude a truce with the queen's party, 155. Dies of melancholy, at the distracted state of the country, 155. Marriage with kindred, an examination of the question concerning, with reference to that of Henry VIII. with Catharine of Arragon, iii. 183. Marshal's court, abolished by the long parliament, v. 171. Marston Moor, battle of, between Prince Rupert and Sir Thomas Fairfax, v. 275. Martial law, the arbitrary indiscriminate exertion of, previous to and during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 346. Miartin II., Pope, summons a council at Placentia, to consult about res-.uirg the Holy Land from -the Turks, i. 227. Calls another council at Clermont, 228. ---- V., Pope, elected by the council of Constance, ii. 371. Writes Henry VI. a severe letter against the statute of provisors, 444. Martyr, Peter, desires leave to withdraw from England at the accession of Queen Mary, iii. 394. Is generously assisted by Bishop Gardiner, 394 Indignities used to his wife's body, 394. Martyrs. -See Heresy. Mlary of Anjou, queen to Charles VII. of France, recovers her husband from his dejection on the siege of Orleans, ii. 388. _ ——, Princess, sister to Henry VIII., married to Lewis XII. of France, who dies quickly after, iii. 105. Marries the duke of Suffolk, 105. -, Princess, daughter of Henry VIII., betrothed, an infant, to the dauphin of France, iii. 116. Is after betrothed to the emperor Charles, 126. Is con.trac ed by treaty, with the duke of Orleans, 160. The states of Page 493 INDEX). 493 Castile oppose her marriage withi the emperor, 163. The bishop of Taroe, ambassador from Franc:-, objects to her marriage with the duke of Orleans, 163. Is excluded from the succession by parliament, 196. Is taken into favor, on her compliance wvith the acko(wledmlllet of her father's supremacy, 229. Is illegitimated by parliament, 230. Is restored to her right of succession by parliament, 290. Adheres to the mass during the steps to reformation in her brother's reign, and, by the emperor's means, obtains a temnporary connivance, 353. Her chaplains imprisoned, 369. Is remonstrated with by the council, 369. Continues obstinate in the Catholic faith, 369. A discussion of her title to the succession, 385,. Her narrow escape from falling into the hands of Northumberland, on her brother's death, 386. Her ineasures to secure possession of the crown, 386. The lady Jane'Gray is proclained at London, 387. The nobility and people flock to her, 388. The lady Jane deserted, and her title universally acknowledged, 389. Causes the lady Jave arind her party to be apprehended, 390. Releases the duke of Norfolk, and other prisoners, from the'Tower, 391. Affects popularity. 3JL Hler bigotry, 392. Imprisons the Protestant bishops, 392. Cause of her prosecuting CranuIer for treason, 393. The mass celebrated before the parliament, 394. All Edward's statutes on religion repeated, 395. Deliberates onil the choice of three husbands proposed to her, 395. Cause of her first declared animosity to her sister Elizabeth, 396. Declares hex intention of reconcilement to Rome, 397. Invites over Cardinal Pole, in quality of legate, 397. The emperor Charles V. proposes his soni Philip to her for a husband, 398. Dissolves the parliament for opposing tilhe Spanish match, 399. Substance of the marriage articles,400. Remarks of the people on this alliance, 401. Insurrections on occasion of it, 4.12. Treats her sister Elizabeth harshly, 403. Orders the execution of Lady Jane and her husband, 404. Her cruel conduct with respect to Sir Nicholas Throemorton, 406. Disarms the people, 406. HIer fond anxiety for the arrival of Philip, 408. Is married to him, 409. Is unable to get her huso band declared presumptive heir to the crown, or to get him crowned, 412. Imagines herself pregnant, 413. Dissolves the parliament, 414. Re, solves to exert the laws against heresy with rigor, 419. See Heresy. An express commission issued, more effectually to extirpate heresy, 424. A proclamation against heretical books, 425. Sends a solemn embassy to Pope Paul IV., 426. Resolves to comply with the pope's demand of full restitution of all church property, 427. Is dejected at her husband's neglect and going to Flanders, 428. Her oppressive extortions fiom her subjects, 428. Is opposed by Pole and others in her design of engaging the kingdom in Philip's quarrel with France, 435. Philip returns to press her to that measure, 435. How this was effected, 436. Raises money arbitrarily for this war, 436. Calais taken. by the duke of Guise, 438. Obtains grants from parliament, 442. All sales or grants of crown lands by her, for seven years to come, confirmed by parliament, 442. Thanks her sister for referring the king of Sweden's proposal of marriage to her consideration, 443. Prepares a great fleet for a descent on Brittany, which fails, 444. Her health declines, and the cause of her illness, 445. Dies, 445. An estimate of her character, 445. nIary, daughter of James V. of Scotland, born, iii. 281. Becomes queen by the death of her father, 281. Is contracted to Prince Edward of England, 283. Is sent to France, and betrothed to the dauphin, 343. Is married to the dauphin, 442. Assumes the title and arms of England, on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 15. Treaty of Edinburih, and settlement of the administration by this treaty, during her absente, 28. Refuses her assent to the parliamentary reformation of religion, 30. Refuses to ratify the treaty of Edinburgh, 30. Her husband, Francis II., dies, 32. Refuses the desire of the English ambassador, of ratifying the treaty of Edinburgh, or to renounce her pretensions to the crown of England, 33. Is ill treated by the queen mother of France, and resolvee VOL. V1. 42 Page 494 -44 INDEX. to return to Sc otland, 33.. Her resentment on being refused a passage through England, 33. Arrives in Scotland, 34. Shows great regret on leaving France, 35. Her character and accomplishments, 35. Bestows her confidence on the leaders of the reformed party, 36. Loses her popularity by her adherence to the Catholic religion, 36. Is exposed to insults from this ctause, 37. Endeavors to gain the favor of John Knox, the reformier, who contrives to insult her, 38. Her life rendered unhappy through his insolent conduct, 38 Her future errors deducible, in part, froll this cause, 39. Is petitioned by the church, on account of a riot at a baxedy house, 40. Outragres conmilitted on her chapel, 41. Makes an ill-j udged claim to Elizabeth, of being declared her successor, 43. Elizabeth's repaly to her, 43. An apparent reconciliation takes place between them, 62. Elizabeth evades an interview with her; 62. Divers matches concerted for her by her uncles, 62. The earl of Leicester proposed to her by Elizabeth, 63. Is piqued at Elizabeth's duplicity in this offer, 64. Sends Sir James Ic-lvil to London, to accommodate their differences, 64. The lord Darnley proposed to her as a husband, 65. Is advised by Elizabeth to invite him, and his father, the earl of Lenox, to Scotland, 66. Elizabeth inconsistently against the match, 66. Reflections on her situation in being of a different religion from her people, 67. Is exhorted by the general assembly to renounce-the,onlish religion, 67. Is married to,ord Darnley, 68. A confederacy formed against her at S.tirling, 69. Drives the rebels into Argyleshire, 69. Forces them to retire into England, 70. Elizabeth's deceitful conduct on this occasion, 70. Is inclined to pardon the leaders of the conspiracy, 70. Is advised to rigor by her uncle, the cardinal of L6drraine, 71. Summons a parliament to attaint the rebel lords, 72. A character of her husband Daruley, 72. Incurs his resentment on her neglect of him, on discovery of his weakness and vices, 72. Her attachment to David Rizzio, 72. Rizzio assassinated in her presence, by Darnley's order, 7.5. Is detained prisoner in her palace, 75. Is reconciled to the banished lords, 755. Her art in procuring her liberty, 76. Collects an army, and drives the conspirators into England, 76. Grants them liberty to return home at the intercession of Bothwell, 76. Makes Darnley disavow all concern in Rizzio's murder, and then leaves him in disdain, 76. Is brought to bed of a son, 76. Sends Sir James Melvil to Elizabeth with the news, 76. Melvil's account of Elizabeths behavior on this intelligence, 77. Her intimacy with Bothwell, 80. Ar apparent reconciliation between her and Darnley, 81. Darnley blown up with gunpowder in a lone house, 82. Is suspected to have concerte, this murder with Bothwell, 82. Is petitioned by the earl of Lenox for justice against Bothwe'l, and others whom he charged with the murder, 82. Bothwell recommended to her for a husband by the nobility, 84. Ir seized by Bothwell, to afford her the plea of violence, 85. Grants him a pardon for all crimes, 85. Acknowledges herself free, and orders the bans to be published for her marriage with Bothwell, now made duke of Orkney, 86. Craig, the minister who is ordered to publish the bans, firmly remonstrates against it, 86. Is married to Bothwell, 88. Is exhorted against it, both by her French relations and Elizabeth, 88. The people murmur at these gross proceedings, 88. A confederacy of nobility formed against her, who take arms, 90. Is reduced to put herself into the hands of the confederates, 91. Is conducted to Edinburgh anmidst the reproaches and insults of the people, 91. Is sent to the Castle of Lochlevin, 92. An embassy sent by Elizabeth in her favor. 92. Four different schemes framed for the treatment' of her by her subj; mts, 94. Pretensions to the regency, 95. Is- forced to resign the crown. and concur in a settlement of the administration during her son's minority, 95. Ercapes from Lochlevin Castle, 97. An association formned, and all army raised, in her favor, 97. Receives offers of assistance from Elizabeth, 97. Is defeated by Murray at Langside, 98. Retires to England, craving protection from Elizabeth, 98. Is required by Elizabeth to clear Page 495 INDEX. 495 herself from the murder of her husband, 100. Sends Lord Herries to declare her readiness to submit her cause to Elizabeth, 101. Appoints commissior.ers on her part, 13)3. The conferences opened at York, 103. The secret reason of the weak allegations llmade againsit her by!M,;urray, 105. Elizabeth transfers the cotnerences to Hampton Court, and adds other coinmlissioners, 106. Murray accuses her imore expl citly, and her coInmissioners refuse to answer, 1107. Her letters and sonnets to Bothwell produced, 1J8. Is directly charged with the murder by Hubert, Bothwell's servant, at his execution, 109. The result of the conference laid before the English privy council, 110). Elizabeth's reply to her commissioners, 110. Is removed from Bolton to Tutbury, under the custody of the earl of Shrewsbury, 111. Refuses to make any concessions, 112. A marriage with the duke of Norfolk proposed to her, 120. Receives a letter fronl the earl of Leicester, recommending this match, 122. Ieturns a favorable answer, 122. Is removed to' Coventry, and more strictly guarded, 125. Writes to Murray, but receives no answer, 128. Her party strengthened by the death of Murray, 129. Receives terms for a tretty from Elizabeth, which she agrees to, 130. Elizabeth evades this treaty, and convinces her of her insincerity, 132. Enters into the duke of Noriolk's conspiracy, 151. Elizabeth remonstrates with her on her conduct, 154. Her party in Scotland s-u)pressed by the influence of Elizabeth, 156. Her confinement rendered stricter by the apprehensions of Elizabeth, 171. Writes a pathetic letter to Elizabeth, 192. HIer proposal of accommodation, 195. CGunterfeit letters writ in her name by the English ministry, to discover her partisans, 197. Is committed to the custody of Sir Amias Paulet and Sir Drue Drury, 198. Desires leave to subscribe Leicester's association for the queen's protection, 199. Enters into Babington's conspiracy, 220. Is conveyed to Fotheringay Castle, 223. Her papers seized, 223. Her answer to the information of her approaching trial, 223. Is prevailed on to submit to trial, 224. Is proved to have conspired against her son James, 225. The commissioners adjourn to the star chamber, London, and sentence her to death, 229. Her last letter to Elizabeth, 231. Her behavior on beiiig ordered to prepare for execution, 238. Is executed, 244. Her character, 244. Proofs of the authenticity of'hier letters to B:ithwell, 532. The dountess of Shrewsbury's scandalous reports of Queen Elizabeth, conmmunicated by her to the queen, 533. Her resentment against her son for deserting her cause, 54'). Inquiry into the evidences of her engagement il Babington's conspiracy, 541. Mary, Lady, daughter of James, duke of York, is marrie'd to the prince of Orange, vi. 151). Concurs in. the settlement of the irown of England on the prince, her husband, 362. Mass-tbook, reviewed and altered by Henry VIII., iii. 277. Private masses abolished-by act of parliament, 341. The mass revived by Queen Miary, 392. Is finally abolished by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 10. Massey, governor of Gloucester, for the parliament, his character, v. 250. Is be:sieged by the king, 250. His vigorous defence, 254. Is relieved by the earl of Essex. 25.5. Masters, Richard, vicar of Aldington, in Kent, concerts the imposture of the holy maid of Kent, iii. 208. Confesses the artifice, and is punished, 210 Mathews, Toby, case of his expulsion from parliament stated, iv. 559. Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III., king otf Scotland, married to King Henry I. of England, i. 246., daughter of King Henry I., betrothed to the emperor Henry V. of Germany, i. 262 Married afterwards to Geoffrey, son of Fulk, count of Anjou, 263. Brought to bed of Henry, 266. I-eceives the oath of fealty from the Elnglish and Norman nobility, 266. Lands in England to assert her pretensions against Stephen, 278. Stephen taken prisoner, 279. -Receives homage of the barons, 279. Gains over Ienry, bishop of Page 496 498 IN=X Winchester, 280. Cultivates the favor of the clergy, 280. Her character, 281. Besieged ill Winchester, 282. Flies, and exchanges Stephen Ibr her brothdr Robert, 282. Matriil1ony ordered to be solemniized by the civil mnagistrate, v. 442. attu'ic'e, fiishop of London, crowlls hellry I., i. 242. -, elector of Saxony, the groulds of his quarrel with the empero Chairles V., iii. 397. R aises anl army of Protestats againsllt lhi11, 397. lteduces Charles to grant a peace favorable to the Protestanlts. 397. P-, Prince, son of the elector palatine, coiIes to Elllngil with his brother Rlupert, aid offers his assistance to Charles I, v. 35. bee lRuplert. Is sent by the king with a reiuntbrcement ot cavalry illto the west, 245. Is shit)wiecked, 423. priunce of Orange. See Orange. M'autravers and Glturl.nay, the keepers of the deposed king Edward II., inur der himi cruelly by Mortiiier's orders, ii. 168.'1her tfates, 168. Al.x~iiillan, king of the Roinuans, his pretensions to the govenlllcllnt of the Low Coraltries, how founded, illi. 21. al.rries Aznne, duchess of BUittany, 3i!; who is afterwards forced inlto a larriage with tlhe king otf France, 33. Makes peace with France, and obtlins restitltiorl of llS datughter's dowry, 37. His cotduct as eiperor, 83. Joinis Piol0 Jullus II. il the league of Canibray againlst the Venetunias, 83. Calls a cuuncil at Pisa, ill conjunction with Lewis, in opposition to the pope, 84. Detached firon the French initerest by Pope Leo X., 90. Coicludes an allialice with Henry VIII. wid Ferdiland against France, 92. Serves under Henry, and receives pay froml hilll in his Flrenlchi expedt-iion, 97. D)etaches himself from Hienry, ald allies with Sp. in and irance, 1!J3. His ineffectual invasion of Milan, and treatxy wth it'iance and Venice, 114. His death, and the competition for the iimperial dignity, 119. Mayenne, duke of, becolnes head of thle Catholic league, onil the assassination of his brother, the duke of Guise, iv. 273. llazarine, Cardinal, succeeds Richelieu in the French ministry, in the iul/tkncy of Lewis- XIV., v. 456. Tenmporizes with Croimwell, 457. lIis coimpliment to Cromwell, 481. Concludes the treaty of the Pyreinees with tSpain, 600. Refuses to see Charles II. of Englaand, 530. Meal-tub pllot, vi. 217. Meaux besieged and taken by Henry V., ii. 368. Mledicis, Catharine de, her infiuence in the court of France lessened by the enormous authority usurped by the duke of Guise and his brothers, iv. 31. Is appointed regent, on the death of Francis II., during the ninority of Charles IX., 32. Her ill usage of Mlary, queen of Scots, ilakes Blary think of returniing to Scotland, 33. Rtemarks on her:ij.an of ilternal admlinistration, 52. Is forced to embrace the Gui.e party against the prince of Cond-,.53. Consents to ail accomnlmodation with the Protestallts, 60. Comes to an agreement with Elizabeth, 6.1. Concerts, with Philip of Spain and the cardinal of Lorraine, a massacre of the Frenlch Protestants, 71. See Hugoutots. Massacre of Paris, 157. bMedina Sidonia, du-ke of, is appointed to the coullmand of the Spanish invincible armada, iv. 259. His instructions, 260(. Disobeys his orders, in sailing to attack the English fleet, 261. Is worsted, aiid sails to Calais, 262. Is attacked and disconcerted by the English admir'al, 262. S;ails northward on his return, and his fleet destroyed by a storni, 263. blelsvil, Jalnes, assassinates Cardinal Beaton, iii. 333. Hlis behavior sp plauded in Knox's history, 333, -. --, Sir James, is sent ambassador from Mary, queen of Scotland, to Queen Elizabeth, iv. 64. His instructions for negotiatioin, 64. Hlis account of his conversation with Elizabeth concerning his mistress, 64. His character of Elizabeth on his return, 65. Is sent again to Elizabeth, to notify the birth of Prince Janes, 76. His account of Elizabeth's behavior on this occasion, 77. -— /, RitRbert, is sont by the Protestant associatioAn in Scotland, called Page 497 497 the Congregation of the Lord, to request assistance from Queen Elizabeth, iv. 2.5. Froposes to ilary a inalriage with the duke of.Noriolk, 123. Meblller for counties, the first step toward.s sending theim to parllament, ii. 33. See Coim:nuons. Merchants grallt illpositions- on merchandise to Edward I. in their private capacity, li. 518. Merchant Adventurers, the society of, when first formed, ii. 141. Mylercia, the;Saxon kingdoml of, its extent, and by \wholn fuonled, i. 36. Its history continued, 37. Merton, a synod called there, to establish ecclesiastical privileges, ii. 39'The resolutions of, annulled by the pope, 39. Metz, inerfectually attacked by the emperor Charles V., iii. 397. Mlichelson, the Scots prophetess, somle account of, v. 107. Middlesex, earl of, treasurer, his character, iv. 487. Is impeached by the meains of BuckinghaLn, 487. His fine remitted, 487. Middleton, Earl, is sent collmissioner, on the restoration, to call a parliallellt in Scotland, vi. 13. His arbitrary conduct, 67. His comllnission given to Lord bothes, 70. Milan, duchy of, subdued by the French, iii. 59. Maximilian Sforza reinstated in that duchy, 90. Is attacked and conquered by Francis I. of France, 113. The French driven out, 137. Is invaded again under the admliral Bonnivet, 146. The city blockaded, 146. Boiilvet obliged to retire by the desertion of his Swiss troops, 146. Is conquered by the imperialists under the duke of Bourbon, 158. The investiture again granted to Fraincis:Sforza, 180. The king of France renounces all claim to, 294. Mildinay, Sir xWalter, asserts the royal prerogative in high terms to the house of commoruns, iv. 175. Military service, the origin and nature of, explained, i. 441. Changed into pecuniary supplies, 461. Militia, the first establishment of, by Alfred, i.L65. Regulated by King Henry 11., 348. Feudal, the inconveniences attending their service, to the kings who sunmmoned their attenldance, ii. 95. How their personal service became changed into pecuniary supplies, 96. The consequences of!this alteration, 100. Law of Queen Mary for the regulation of, iii. 447.'State ot; during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 366. State of, itn the reign of Jamnes I., 512. A bill framied by the commons and passed, taking it into their own hands, v. 215. King Charles's reply when pressed to pass it, 217. Is carried into execution, without his concurrence, 219..Establishment of, by parliament, on the restoration, yi. 32. State of, between the restoration and revolution, 368. Mill, Walter, is burnt for heresy at St. Andrews, iv. 18. The extraordinary zeal of the people in his favor, 18. 5Millenariaus, or Fifth Monarchy Men, are for abolishing all government, after the death of Charles I., v. 386. Milton, John, his opinionl of tht monkish histories of Britain, i. 22. His character as a writer, v. 529. His Paradise Lost, how first brought into notice, 529. Remarks on the fate of the author, 530. His death, 530. Nlitchel, a Scots fanatic, fires a pistol at the archbishop of St. Andrews, v. 165. His extraordinary treatment and execution, 166. Mlise of Lewes, the treaty so termled, ii. 50. lM~ona. See Anglesea. Mloioarchies, hereditary and elective, a comparative view of, under the feudil system, i. 449. iMonlaster.es, subjected entirely to the king's regulations, by the parliament of Henry VIII., iii. 195. Reflections on their tendency, 217. Commission ers appointed to visit them, 218. Great abuses charged tupon theni, 219 Several surrender their revenltes, 219. All nunls and friars, who required:dismission, set at liberty, 219. The lesser, suppressed by parliament, 220. Discontents among the people, excited by the dispersed monks, 42 Page 498 498 INDEX. 234. The greater monasteries suppressed, 241. Reports of their scau. dalous abuses published to bring the mermiory of them into contempt, 242. Their relics exposed, particularly the blood of Christ, 242. And rood of xGratce, 243. The number of them suppressed, and the amount of their revenues, 244. Tl'he hospitality exercised by them, 246. The surrender of, coufirmod by parliamienit, 257.'Lhe abbots of Colchester, Readiiing, anrd Glastelburyv, executed for treason, 257. A curious passage fromi Coke's Institutes, reliatillg to the sulppressioni of, 46). Nionconto) r, battle of, between the duke of Aijou and tile admiral Coligni, iv. 144. Ktoey, tile value of, among our Saxon ancestors, i. 174. Reflections on, 176. The iiiterest it bore in the reign of Richard I., 483. Rerinarks onl the highest interest it bore in the tiiirteeirth century, ii. 65. A view of the state of, in the reign of Henry V., 373. Tihe rate of, in the tiime of Heiiry VII., iii. 63, sn. The interest of, when first fixed by law, 318. The interest of, how limited.in England and France, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 369. bIoneyage, an explanation of the tax levied by the Anglo-Norman kings under that name, i. 462. When abolished, 462. MIonlk, General, commands for the parliarnent in Dundalk, in Ireland, where his garrison mutinies against him, and delivers tile place up to Orimond, v. 393. Is left by Cromiwell to complete the reduction of Scotland, 416. Reduces Stirling Castle, and sends the records of Scotland to London, 425.'Takes Dundee, and puts the inhabitants to the sword, 425. Rteduces the kingrdom to obedience to the commlonwealth, 4235. Commniands at sea under Blke, iIn an engagement with the Dutch, 431. Defeats tihe Dutch fleet under Tromp, wvho is killed; 446. His ftmtlily amid history, il)1. His behavior to his brother, who came to engage himt 1i the royal cause, 504.- Resolves to mnarch iiito England, 505. AdI:ances without orders, 507. His message to the parlianlent, from St. Albats, 508. Arrives in \Vestninster, 508. His reply to the thanlks of parliarment, 508. Executes the orders of the parliament in apprehending the refractory citizens, 56)9. Orders the parliament to dissolve, and calls a new one; and unites with the citizens, 510.'Communicates his intentions to Sir-John Granville, 513. Advises Charles II. to leave Spain for Holland, 513. Secures the commanders in Ireland in the king's interest; 514. Receives the king at Dover, 518. Is created- duke of Albemarle, vi. 2. See Albemarle. Monks; British, great slaughter of, by Adelfrid king of Northumberland,i. 32. Saxon, characterized, 84. Their address in working miracles, 98. See Monasteries. Monkish historians, character of, i. 21. MLonmouth, James, duke of, his birth and character, vi. 195. His illegitimacy declared by the king in council, 196. Defeats the Scots Covenanters at Bothwell Bridge, 211. Is deprived of his command, and sent abroad, by the influence of the duke of York, 216. Comes over without leave, 218. Presents a petition against calling the parliament at Oxford, 236. Engages in a conspiracy against the kinlg, 261. Absconds upon the discovery of it, 265.' Is pardonied, 2753. Is banished, 276. Invades England on the accession of James II., 293. Is attainted by parliament, 293. Instances of his misconduct, 294. Is defeated at Sedgemnore, 295. Is executed, 236. MIonopolies, enormous grants of, by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 335. The pernicious tendency of these grants, 350. Debates in the house of comnlrons conceriling, 552. Chief part of the national trade engrossed by exclusive companies rand patents in the reign of James I., 394. An act passed against, 486. Are revived by Charles I., v. 75. Monothelites, their-heresy condemned in a synod at Hatfield, i. 5Q. Monson, Sir William, commands under Admiral Sir Richard Levison, in an expedition to the coast of Spain, ivi 89 Page 499 I-NDEX; 499 Montacute,.brother of the earl of tVarwick, defeats the Lancastrians at Hexhanm, ii. 451. Gains a battle with the insurgents in Yorkshire, 458. Created a nmarquis, 459. Leagues with his brother Warwick against Kil'g Edward, 463. Encourtages his men to change sides, and diives Edwiard from his own calmp, 464. Monrtague, Edward, a nierlbei of the house of commons, the arbitrary speech of leiiry VII. to him, iii. 456., Sir LEdward, chiei ju.,tice of the common pleas, is ordered by Edward VI., Wvith other judges, to prepiare a deed for the successionl of Lady J;lne jral-, ili. 36'. Is abtlserd by Dudley, duke of Northumberlanld, for r'efusing, 3562. tlis exl)edienlt for the security of himself and the othler par ties, 382. -------—, Addilnal is sent with a squadron to the Baltic, to mediate between Sweden and Denmark, v. 499. Quits his station to. assist Sir George Booth and the royalists inl their intended rising, which fails, 512. Obtains, writh lonllk, the joint coimmiand of the fleet, 512. Carries the fleet to Holland, to bring Charles iI. over, 518. Is created earl of Sandwich, vi. 2. See Sandvich..-.., ainmbassador at Paris, secretly negotiates with France, and treacherously receives a large bribe froIn Barillon, the minister of that court, vi. 15b, n. Rteturus without leave, and produces Danby's letter to tthe house of cormmons, 188. MIontargis, besieged by the earl of Warwick, ii. 384. Raised by the count' oh Dtuois, dul. AlMoteagle, Lord, receives intimation of the gunpowder plot, iv. 403. Commirunicates it to Lord Salisbury, 4;i3. Montecuculi, the imperial general, joins the prince of Orange, and obliges Lewis XIV. to abanldon his conqutests in the Low Countrries, vi. 121 Moi1tf.rt, 8iirunon de, appoanited a genlerai of the cu.usade published by Pope nlllnocenlt 1i. aglillst the Albigenses, i. 415. For his soni, see Leicester. Miontmollrency, Constaole, comlllalnds the French arrny agair;st the Sp;uish undler- Iiiiii;e-t, duke of &avoy, iii. 4.37. Is defeated, rlid talkeii prisoner at thle battle of St. Quliltin, 437. His sentiments on tile maariage of the dauphin with the queen of Scotland, iv. 24. Joins the nduke o(f Gurise agaillst the prince of Colndu, 52.'alkes Rouen florn the Protestants, 55. Is takeu prisoner by the Protestants at the battle of Dreux, 55. Is released by treaty, 59. Besieges Havre de Grace, 69. lakes it by capitulation, 61. Is killed at the bittle of St. Denis, 143. Molltreville, the Flirenclhanbassador, prevails -ith Charles I. to seek pro. tection in the Scots army, v. 322. Monitrose, earl of, his first introduction to Charles I., v. 300. Is imprisoned in Scotland for his attachmssent to the king, 301. Procures Duke llamil. ton's disgrace with the kllg, 302. Negotuttes for Irish troops, to iriake a diversion in Scotland, 3 2. Defeats Lord Elcho, 3)3. Defeats Lord Butlley, 3)3. Routs Argyle's forces, and is joined by great numbers of them, 3:J5. TIkes and plunders Dundee, 3;i5. Defeats Urrey anrd Baillie, 83. Deteats the Covenanlters at Kiil;yth, 315. Is conquered by ])avid Lesley, 316. Retires abroad, 325. Iaises levies to assist Charles 11., 4)3. Lands iii Scotland, is defeated, and taken prisoner, 403. His cruel treattilellt, 41)4. Is executed, 406. Morcar aind Edlwin rebel aiga;nst the injustice of Tosti, duke of Northum.. uberlalld, i.'186.'Morcar justifies. their cause, alnd is made duke, 136. Head the English against the Niornians, after the battle of Hisstings, 179. Submrit to William the Conqueror, 182. Attend him to,Normlandy, 18-1. Excite a rebellion in the north, 189. Reduced, 190. Their deaths, 2)1. More, bir T'homas, remarks on his account of Jane Shore, ii. 526. WVhen speaker of the house of commons, joins the persuasions of Cardinal Wolsey to obtain the grants to Henry VIII., iii. 141. The great seal taken from Wolsey, and committed to him, 176. Resigns the great seal Page 500 MO INDEX. or. the prospect of alterations in religion, 189. Refuses to subscribe the oath regulaiting the successioIl of the'crown eijoitied by parliatnt nt, 197. Is attainted by parliament, 198. His cruel persecultioll of JLames Bailnba;r for heresy, 2:6. Is tried and executed for denying the king's supremacy, 212. Mlore, IRoger, an Irish gentleman, forms a conspiracy to expel the English frolu Ieland, v. 17'3. liis design of seizing the Castle of Dublin dlscovered, 182, Is shocked at the barbarities of O'Neale, abandons tile cause, and retires to F1lan.ders, 18.5. Morrice, attorney of the court of wards, makes a motion in the house of conlllons against abuses of ecclesiastical power, iv. 279. Is divested of his employlments, and,imprisoned, 28). -., a gentleman of Devonshire, is the onl{, friend with whom General,Monk consulted concernilg the restoration' of. Charles II., v. 612. Is made secretary of state by the king, vi. 2. Nlortlmelr, RlIoger, his history, ii. 162. H1is first acquaintance with Isabella, queen to Edward II., 162. HIis intimacy *with her, 162. Joins Isabella in a conspiracy against the king, 163. Invades England with her, 164. Procures the death of the earl of Arundel and the chancellor Baldoc, 16,5. Takes the kinlg out of Leicester's custody, and delivers hiin to Lord Berkeley, PMautravers, and Gournay, 167. Orders the two latter to lmurder hinm, 168. Attends Edward Ill in his arimy, to oppose the Scots, antd checks his ardor to engage theml 181. Arrogttes to himself all aauthority in government, 181. Concludes a treaty with tRobert Bruce, 182. His mleasures to disappoint any combinations against hitn, 182. Contrives the destruction of the earl of Kent, 183. Is seized by the king, 184. Tried and executed, 184. -, Roger, earl of Marche, declared successor by Richard II., ii. 330, Killed in Ireland, 3.18. His sons kept prisoners in Windsor Castle by Henry IV., 327. Mortimler's Cross, battle of, between Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke, and Edward, dtuke of York, ii. 440. Molrtmaiin, the first statute of, when passed, ii. 139. The probable motives of Edward I. inthis law, 139. How eluded in the time of Richard II, 322. MIorton, John, his character, iii. 11. Becomes confidant of Ilenry VII., 11. Makde archbishop of Canterbury, 11. Created a cardinal, 52. -—,'earl of, chancellor of Scotlaid; -becoines jealous of David Rizzio, iv. 74. Advises Darnley to get him cut off, 74. LTakes the coronation oath in the name of the ourng Iilng James VI., 9.). Is appointed coinmissioner in the cause of Mary, 1()3. l:ow he became ipossessed of a casket of Mary's letters, 10(9. Is appointed by the Scots parliament a coiunissionier to manage a treaty with Elizabeth concerning. Mlary, 131. Is dismissed by Elizabeth without concluding on any thitng, 132. Is chosen regent oil the death of the earl of Malrre, 1,55. Resigns the regenc: itito the hands of the young king, and retires, 177. Returns, and resules anl influence over governiilent, 177. Is tried a-ld condemned for being an accomplice in I)arnley's murder, by the influence of thle earl of Lenox, 178. His execution hastened by tthe interposition of Elizabeth, 179. )&ountfort. count de, half brother to John, the third duke of Brittainy, acknowiedges Charles de Blois as successor to that duchy, ii. 212. E}ndcavors to acquire possession of the duchy, 212. Engages Edward III. of Etiglatld to patronlize his pretensionls, 213. Goes to P'aris to plead his cause, 213. Is taken and confined in the Tower of the Louvre, 213. See the next article.... —.. Janle, countess of, her vigorous efforts to support her husband's interest inI Brittaiiy, ii. 213. Is besieced biv Charles de Blois at Ilemiumebonne, 214. Her vigorous defence, 214. is relieved by an English fleet, 216. Goes to England to solicit furthersuccors, 215. Edward goes ove Page 501 INDEX. 501 to Brittanty in person, 216. A truce concluded for three years; 217. Takes Charles de Blois prisoner, 23). Her son utotains possession of Brittany, alld i's acknowld,(ged by' t'rlrince, 256. loutltjoy, Lr'd, i)roteit.i aa;int- the iil estatlishing a conlcil to judge oicfes'cs aa'suifi.t the killn's prol llat.onl S - the onl11 prote,~t againit aiti pthe b,1 drin'li tie reign ot fleiry' Il., iei. 2- 7.. —...., Lord, is senit 1,'d dillputy to ireland, onI the precipitate return of the eial; of E.L:,ex, iv. 315. )Drives Tyrone iid his p.it) into tile %roods anid ilr.ts.ses, t1o. lii sacces.-ei arsaist the rebels, 332. Relduces the Spalia'ds, and defeats'y Itrone, 334. Tyrole surrenders hilllelf up to Mloiwiay, John de, ejected fiom his inheritance of the baroiy of Gower by Edwarld I., at tle instanc.e or HtLh le De.spenser, ii. 157. ---—, R,,obert, earl of Northiuollierland, exc;tes a conspiracy against \Nilliaim lttt'ilu, i. 122. Dlies in cofitnemient, 225. louunster, bishop of, ilivades the Dutch. territories at the instigation of C'llarles II., but makes peace with the states, vi. 44. AMirden, his-account of the military force- of Englanld at the time of the Spanish arnlada, iv. 363. Marder, a list of the legal compositions for, among our Saxon ancestors, i. 169. Mu,.rray, earl of, appointed by Robert Bruce joint commander of' the Scots army with Lord Douglas, invad uag England onl the death of Edvward II., ii. 179. His reply to the defiance of Edward IIl., 180. Retires home, 181. Is appointed guardian to David BrUce, 186. Dies, 187..- -, Lord James, created earl of, aiid enjoys the chief authority under Mlar,, queen of Scotland, iv. 36. Becoimes discontented at the marriage of Minly with Lord Darnley, 68. Joins a: coiifederacy of imalcontents at Stirlin-, 6.. Is ill used by Elizabeth on the occasion,. 70. 1s reconciled to Mlary, 75. Obtains leave to retire into France, 91. Is appointed regent on the: first resignation of Mary, 95. Arrives, and treats Mary harshly, 96. Suminnons a parlianient, which condemns Mary to imprisonment, 96.fi Demolishes the fortress of Dunbar, 96. Raises forces on Miary's escape from Lochlevin Castle, 98. Defeats her at Lang-side, 98. Is required by Elizabeth to justify his conduct towards Mary, 10)1. Promises to come with other commissioners, to submit his cause to Elizabeth, 101. Is appointed a: commnnissioner by the kingdom for this purpose, 1:3. The secret reasons of the weakness of his allegations against.Mary, 105. Lays his full evidences privately before the Eiglish coilmmissioners, and requests El.zabeth's protection, 105. Proposes querires to Elizabeth, 106. The conferences transferred to Hampton- Court, 107. Accuses Mary more explicitly, 107. Her commissioners refuse to reply, 107. I'rdduces Mary's letters to Bothwell, with tile confession of Hubert, 1)8. Is dsmiissed by Elizabeth, with a loan for his charges, 1.1!. Proposes to the-duke of N1orfolk a rnmarriage with Mary, 12). His political motives in this proposal, 12). Discovers Norfolk's design to Elizabeth, 123. Is assassinated, 129. His character, 129. Vindicated from the accusations of Queen 2Mary and her advocates, 535. Mluscovy, a profitable trade established with, iii. 447. An enmbassy arrives froii, to Queen Marv, 447. An exclusive trade with, granted to the English, iv. 365. This privilege withdrawn, 365. Najriit, batttle of, between Edward the Black Prince and Henry de Trains taiiare, ii. 2a9. Name6, -Christian, strange modification of, aat the time of the common. wealth, v. 442, n. Nantz, the edict of, revoked by Lewis XIV., vi. 395. Naples, conquered by the joint force- of France and Spain, iii.. 82. -Seized by the latter, 83. Naseby, b.ittle uo, between Chaxles I. and the generals Fah'fax undc Cronx well,.. 310 Page 502 INDE. Ntavarre,-situation of that kingdom, iii. 87. Crafty invasion of, by Ferdi. nand of Spain, 88. -----—, Anthony, king of, is excluded from all office and favor at the court of France by the influence of the Guise family, iv. 31. Declares in favor of the Protestants, 31. Is made lieutenant-general of the kingdom on the accession of Charles IX., 32. Joins the duke of Guise against the Protestants, 52. Is mortally wounded at the siege of Rouen, 54., Henry, prince of, -is placed by Coligni at the head of the Protestants after the defeat of Jarnac, iv, 143. Is married to Margaret, sister to Charles, 157. His mother poisoned by order of the court, 157. Is obliged by Charles to renounce the Protestant religion as the price of his life, during'the massacre of Paris, 158. Flies from tfhe court, and places himself again at the head of the Hugonots, 162. Defeats the king at Coutras, 272. Obtains the crown of France on the death of Henry III., 273. See Henry IV. Navigation act, one of this nature rejected by Henry VI., ii. 444. Is passed by the commonwealth parliament, v. 428. Is suspended by Charles II., vi. 96. Navy, English, state of, in the time of Queen MvIary, iii. 446. The improvement of, by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 367. Harrison's account of her navy, 556. A view of the state of, during the reign of James I., 513. The number of seamen then employed in the merchants' service, 514. Account of the state of, from the restoration to the revolution, vi. 369. Naylor, James, a Quaker, his extravagances, v. 523. Is restored to his senses by punishment, 523. Nazan Leod, the British chief, defeated by Cerdic the Saxon, i. 18. Neile, bishop of Lincoln, occasions disputes between the two houses of parliament, by reflecting on the commons, iv. 433. Anecdote of him, 435. Nero, emperor, sends Suetonius Paulinus over to Britain, i. 6. Recalls him, 7. Netherlands, the foreign commerce of England, at the time of Henry VIII., confined to those countries, iii. 313. The arbitrary and severe behavior of the emperor Charles V. towards the Protestants there, iv. 147. The duchess of Parma left governess of, by Philip, 147. The Flemish exiles become masters of the Brille, 165. Revolt of Holland and Zealand, 165. See Orange. Duke of Alva recalled, 166. The treaty called the Pacification of Ghent, 168. - A treaty concluded with Elizabeth, 169. The duke of Anjou is sent to their assistance, 186. Anjou expelled for an attempt on their liberties, 190. See United Provinces. Spanish, rapid conquests -of Lewis XIV. in, vi. 61. Settlement of, by the triple league, and treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 65. Dutch, overrun by Lewis XIV., 104. Nevil, Sir John, executed for an insurrection in Yorkshire, iii. 267. Neville, the power, connections, and branches of that family, ii. 418. Honors bestowed on, by Edward IV., 459. -—, XHugh de, a fine paid to the king by his wife, for leave to pass a night with him while in prison, i. 466. Neville's Cross, battle of, between Queen Philippa and David, kling of Scotland, ii. 233. Neustria, a province in France, granted to Rollo the Dane, i. 107. See Normandy. Newark is besieged by the parliamentary forces, but relieved by Prince Rupert, v. 273. Surrenders to the Scots army by the king's order, 323. Neulmtrn, Lord (onway routed there, by the Scots Covenanters, v. 122. Newbury, battle of, between Charles I. and the earl of Essex, v. 255. See ond battle of, 280. Newcastle, the first charter granted to the inhabitants of, to dig coal, ii. 69. Is taken by storm by the earl of Leven, the Scots general, v. 278. ~ —----—, earl of, commands for the king in the north of England, and takes possession of York, v 241. Is created marquis, 257. Is repulsed in an attack upon Hull, 258. Is besieged in York by the parliamentary Page 503 INDEX 6503 army, 275. Leaves the kingdom in disgust, after the battle of Marston AMool, 277. New England, the colony of, how peopled, v. 527. New Forest, how and when made, i. 214. Remarkable accidents happening to the family of William the Conqueror in, 238. Newfoundland, first discovery of, iii. 76. New York is taken from the Dutch by Sir Robert Holmes, vi. 38. Is ceded to the English by the treaty of Breda, 55. Newton, the mathematician and philosopher, his character, vi. 374 HIis death, 374. Nicholas, Sir Edward, is made secretary of state by Charles II., on his restoration, vi. 2. Is displaced by the influence of the duchess of Cleveland, 33. Nileguen, congress there, under the mediation of Charles II., vi. -10, Peace concluded there, 158. The treaty ratified, 159. Nobility, Saxon and Norman, wherein they differed, i. 162. The titles of, sold to supply James I. with money, iv. 432. Non addresses, the vote of, passed by the long parliament, v. 354. Is repealed, 359. Nonconformists, their ministers ejected out of their livings, vi. 27. Fivemile act, 45. Act against conventicles, 80. Declaration of indulgence, 95. The declaration recalled, 116. A bill for their relief passed, 117. See Puritans. Norfolk, an insurrection there, against enclosures, headed by Ket, a tanner, iii. 357. The insurgents defeated by Dudley, earl of Warwick, 358. ~ —--—, duke of, challenges his accuser, the duke of Hereford, ii. 305. The duel prevented by Richard II., 306. Banished for life, 306. Bigod, Roger, earl of, is appointed agent for Henry Ill. to the council of Lyons, ii. 22. Objects to King John's right of subjecting England to the supremacy of Rome, 22. His address to Henry 1lI. on the parliament assembling in armor, 32. Is gained over to. the royal party, by Prince Edward, 45. Refuses to serve in the expedition to Gascony, and quarrels with the king, 114. Refuses to attend the king to Flanders, 114. A new mareschal appointed in his place for that service, 114. He and the earl of Hereford present a remonstrance to him -on his departure, 115. Demands of parliament a confirmation of the charters, and indemnity for himself, which are granted, 116. Obtains a full con firmation of them from the king on his return, 117..... —, earl of, brother to -Edward II., engages with Queen Isabella in a conspiracy against him, ii. 163., duke of, resigns his office of treasurer, and retires from court, iii. 109., duke of, opposes the progress of the reformation, iii. 204. From what motives he became an enemy to his niece Queen Anne Boleyn, f226. Presides as high steward on her trial, 226. Is commissioned to suppress Aske's insurrection, termed the Pilgrimage of Grace, 237. His prudent measures to distress the insurgents, 237. Prevails on them to disperse, 238. Routs another insurrection, and puts their officers to death, 239. Proposes the framing of the bill of six articles to the house of lords, 253. The repartee of one of his chaplains to him, concerning the celibacy c f priests, 461. Procures a commission to commit Cromwell to the rower, 263. Influences the king to a cruel persecution of heretics, on his niece Catharine Howard becoming queen, 267. Is appointed to command in the war against Scotland, 279. Attends Henry in his invasion of France, 293. Is checked by the king in a scheme of ruining Cranmer, 300. A review of his services and honors, 304. Is, with his son the earl of Surre-y, committed to the Tower, 306. Surrey executed, 3106. Is attainted by the parliament, 306. Ordered for execution, but saved by the king's death, 307. Is released from confinement by Queen Mary, 391. hiis attainder.roversed by parliament, 395. Advises Miary to 1he Spanish Page 504 5 04 I~xxx. alliance, 398; Is sent to suppress Wiat's insurrection: inX ent, but is forced to retire by a desertion of his troops, 402. Norfolk, the young duke of, is appointed lieutenant of the northern court ties by-Lueen llizabeth, iv. 27. Is appointed one of the comliissioners ill the caruse between Miary, qu'een of Scots, and Murray, the regent, 103. Entertains hopes of marrying tMary, 106. Transmits Murray's qnuries to ELlizabeth, 106. His cltaracter, 119. A marriage with Mary propo.ed to hinl by Murray, 120. Obtains the countenance of several of the Inobility to this scheme, 121. Secures the concurrence of France and Spain, 123. Receives intinmations from the queen of her knowledge of his negotiations, 123. Endeavors to discredit the reports raised against him to the queen, 124. Is commnitted: to the Tower, and his friends taken into custody, 124. Is released, on promise of thinking no further of Mary, i27. Renews his correspondence with Mary; 151. Enters into a conspiracy with the duke c'f Alva against Elizabeth, 1651. Hi3 scheme discovered by Lord Burleigh, 1,52. Is tried 1.53. Executed, 153. Norhain, Castle of, conference there, between Edward I. and the Scots parliament, to determiine the right of the crown of Scotland, ii. 86. Norlnans, origin of the naime, i. 52. Their first invasions of France, 52. And England. See William. Their character, 140, 244. Normiian barons conspire against William the Conqueror, i. 202. Suppiessed, 20)4. Instance of their.votilng in English councils, 308. Normandly, settled by Rollo the Daine, i. 107. History of his successors, 1)8. William, duke of, obtains the crovon of Englaind, 181. See Williain the Conqueror; and Robert. Invaded by Philip of France, on the news of Richard I. being imprisoned in Germany, on his return from the crusade, 383. Philip repulsed at Rotten by thecearl of Leicester, 383. John invested witr. the duchy of, on his brother Richard's death, 395..Laid under an interdict on account of the bishop of Beauvais's captivity, who is surrendered, 396. Two Brabanq-ons left governors of it, by John, on his leaving it, 404. Recovered by Philip, 405. The states of, how composed, 45,. Formally ceded to Lewis IX. by Henry Il. of England, ii. 38. Is suddenly invaded by Edward III., 22'0. Caen seized and plundered, 221. Calais taken, 233. Is invaded by four French armies, 414. Finally reduced to the-government of France, 415. Norris, Sir John, joins Sir Francis Drake in his expedition to Portugal, iv. 266. Commands the English forces sent to reduce Brittany for Henry IV., 286. Is sent to reduce insurrections in-Ireland, 286. Is deceived by the treacherous negotiations of Tyrone, and dies of vexation, 307. North-west passage, three attempts for thi, discovery of, made by Sir Martin Frobisher, iv. 365. Davis's Straits discovered, 365. Attempts for the discovery of, made in the reign of James I., 516. Northanipton, a council called there, by King Henry II., in:which Thomas.a Becket is condemned, i. 307. Battle of, between: Lenry VI. and the earl of'Warwick, ii. 436. Northumberland, history of the Saxon kingdom of, i. 31..-. —--, earl of, defeats Earl Douglas at Homieldon, ii. 331. Rebels against Henry IV., and leagues with the Welsh and: Scots, 332. His son defeated:aiand killed by the king, 334. His submission accepted, 334. Retires to Scotland, and is- killed in an irruption into England, 336. ------- - -—, Dudley, earl of Warwick, madde duke of, iii. 372. Determiines to ruin Somerset, 373. Causes Somerset, his duchess, and friends, to be arrested, 373. Trial and execution of Somerset, 373. Endeavors to get Tonstal, bishop of Durham, attainted, but is disappointed-by the commons, 377. His measures in the calling of a new parliament, 378. His representations-: to induce the king to alter the succes sion, 380. Places his own emissaries about the king, 381. Abuses the Chief justice, Sir Edward lMontague, for refusing to dratw the deed of settlement. for; Lady TJane Gray, 382. — Procures -the patent to-be,-passed. Page 505 883. Endeavors to get the two princesses Mary and Elizabeth, into his power, 36. Proclaills the lady Jane Gray, 387. Is disconcerted at the bad aspect of a'tairs,;333. l'ake.i the coll, aind of the tlrllly, 369. is deser'ed by his ariny, and proclaiins Queeun tary, 389. Is apprehelle ded, 39u. Is t led and executed, 39. Northulnhberland, earlof, olfers to release Mary, queen of Scots, fiom her Con inelient in Elgland, iv. 123. Enters into a negotintion v. ith the diuke d'A( va, and raises an insurrection with the earl of West:norelaiild in the norlth, 125. Is ttken by Mlurray, anld confined in the Castie of Lichlevin, 12a. Is delivered up and executed, 154., earl of, is sent oy Culartes i. to coimmiand his army against hth Scots, v. 12 Retie om Newcastle on tihe rot of Lord Conway at Newburn, 122. The command, by his illness, devolves on Strari;rd, 123. Joins the parliamient against the kinlg, 228. Retires to his seat, 253. -------------—, extract of some curious particulars from a household book of an old earl of that fatlily, iii. 453. Norway, maid oi. See Margaret. Norwich, bishop of, leads out a crusade against the Clementines, ii. 323. ~ —, John, Lord, is besieged by the duke of Normandy ihn Anigoulemle, ii 21. 21 i. s stratagenm to save the garrison, 219. Nottinghalm, counltess ot, discovers, on her death-bed, to Queen Elizabeth, her treachery to the earl of Essex, iv. 341..-...; ——, earl of, aind lord high admiiral, is sent to Spain, to ratify the peace with, iv. 398. Sentinients of the Spaniards at sight of this train, 39. Nova Belgia taken from the Dutch by Sir Robert Holmes, vi. 38. See New York. Sowel, chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, openly:reproved by her for speaking irreverenitly of the sign of the cross, iv. 118, it. Oates, Titus, Ihis account of a Popish plot, vi. 173. Hiis birth and character, 175. Is examined before the couilicil, 176. Incoinsistencies of his narrative pointed out, 178. Obtains a pension, 184. His evidence against Lord Stafford, 229. Is heavily fined for calling the duke of York a Popish traitor, 274. Is convicted and sentenced for perjury, 292. Oath, ex officio, arbitrary administration of, by the court of ecclesiasticas coinomission, iv. 262. Obda.l, the Dutch admiral, is killed in an engagement with the duke of York, vi. 40. Odo, bishop of Baieux, uterine brother to William the Conqueror, left i)int administrator of the kingdom, with Williamr Fitzosberne, duriing his brother's absence in Normandy, i. 184. Aspires to the popedom, 214. Seized by William, and conlfiled duriIlg his reign, 215. Ellgages ill a con'spiracy against William Rufus, 221. Offa, kinc of Mlercia, his desceat, i. 37. Succeeds Ethelbald, 37. His wars, 38. His treacherous murder of Ethelbert, king of the East Angles, 38. His pious deeds of expiation, 38. Imposes the tax of Peter's pence, 38. Endows a rich monastery at St. Albans, 38. Enters into an alliance with Charlemagne, 39. Makes a rampart against the Welsh, 39f.n. Okey, Colonel, one of the king's judges, is seized in Holland, brought home, and executed,' vi. 24. His character, 24. Olave the Daie, his character, i. 103. Contirmed by English bishops, and canonized by the church of Rome, 103, 104. Old inan of the mountains. See Assassins. Oldcastle, Sir John. See Cobhain. O'Neal, Owen, enters into a conspiracy with Rinuccini, the pope's legate, against the lord lieutenant Ormond, v. 391. Enters into a correspondence with the parliamentary generals, 392. Is reduced by Cromrwell 396. VOL. VI. 43 Page 506 506 INDEX. O'Neale, Hugh. See Tyrone. - ---—, Sir Phelim, engages in Roger More's conspiracy to expel the:English from Ireland, v. 180. His cruel massacre of the English in Ulster, 182. Forges a commission from the king for his insurrection, 187. Is taken and executed by Ireton, 424. --—, Shan, his history and character, iv. 304. Orange, prince of, taken prisoner by the French on the defeat of the duke of Brittany, iii. 27. Gained over and released, to persuade the young duchess to a marriage with the French kinig, 32. ---—, William, prince of, is condemned as a rebel, and his possessions confiscated by the duke of Alva, iv. 165. Unites the towns of Holland and Zealand into a league against the Spanish government, 166. Sends an embassy to implore the assistance of Elizabeth, 167. Concludes the treaty called the Pacification of Ghent, 168. Concludes a treaty with Queen Elizabeth, 169. Is assassinated by Gerard, 205. - -, Maurice, prince of, succeeds the earl of Leicester in the government of the United Provinces, iv. 252. He gains the battle of Tournholt, 287. Renews the war with Spain on the expiration of the truce, 490. -----—, William, prince of, is married to the princess Mary of England, v. 172. _ — -, William, prince of, is educated by John de Wit, vi. 100. His character, 100. Is appointed general and admiral of the United Provinces, 101. Is madestadtholder, 109. Unites the Dutch to oppose the conquests of Lewis XIV., 112. Is joined by the imperial general Montecuculi, and obliges the French to abandon the Low Countries, 121. His obstinate battle with the prince of Cond6 at Seneffe, 131. Is unable to prevent the loss of Bouchaine, 140. Is defeated by the French at St. Omers, 144. -Comes over to England to marry the princess Mary, 149. The marriage concluded, 150. Concerts with Charles the plan of peace, 151. Attacks the French army the day after signing the peace of Nimeguen, 159. Remarks on his conduct with respect to English affairs, 330. Forms a league against Lewis XIV., 331. Refuses to concur in the designs of James II., 332. His reply to the king's solicitations, by Fagel, 333. His instructions to Dykevelt, his envoy to England, 334. Applications made to him by the English, 335. Is formally invited over to England by the principal men, 336. The motives which induced him to listen to the overtures of the English, 336. His preparations to oppose King James, 337. His declaration published, 342. Embarks, 343. Lands at Torbay, 344. Declines treating with the commissioners, and marches for London, 348. Orders the king, on his return after his first flight, not to approach London, 351. Is desired by the peers to assume the government, and to summon a convention, 354. Summons the convention, 354. Summons a convention at Edinburgh, 355. Receives an offer of the crown of Scotland, 355. His conduct during the meeting of the convention parliament, 361. His declaration to a meeting of peers, 361. The crown settled on him and the princess, 362. Ordainers, a council of, formed in the reign of Edward II. by the barons to govern the nation, ii. 147. Ordinances framed by, 148. Aim particularly at Piers Gavaston, and banish him, 148. Ordeal, in the Anglo-Saxon law, the several species of, i. 172. Ordinance, the self-denying one, passed by the long parliament, v. 287. Orkney, Earl Bothwell made duke of, iv. 86. The bans ordered to be published between him and Queen Mary, 86. Is married to her by the bishop of Orkney, 88. Endeavors to get Prince James into his power, 90. Is opposed by a confederacy of nobles formed against him, 91, Flies to the Orkneys, and subsists by piracy, 91. Escapes to Denmark, where he dies miserably in prison, 91. ---—, bishop of, marries Mary, queen of Scots, to Bothwell, iv. 88. Is appointed one of the commissioners in her cause, on the part- of the king aad kingdom, 103. Page 507 INDEX. 507 Orleans, city of, besieged by the earl of Salisbury, ii. 355. Succeeded by'he earl of Suffolk on his death, 386. Cannon first successfully applied at this siege, 386. Battle of Herrings, 387. The duke of Burgundy recalls his troops from the siege, 387. Distress of the town and garrison, 387. Joan d'Arc enters it with a convoy, 392. A second conlvoy enters unmolested, 392. The English repulsed from several of their posts, 393. Amazement of the besiegers, 393. The siege raised, 394. See Joan d'Arc. Is besieged by the duke of Guise, iv. 59. Guise assassinated there, 59. -, Lewis, duke of, disputes the administration of affairs with th( duke of Burgundy, on the insanity of Charles VI., ii. 351. Reconcilia tion between them, 351. Assassinated by the duke of Burgundy, 351 For his natural son, see Dunois. ----—, duke of, taken prisoner aat the battle of Azincour, ii. 358. Obtains a neutrality for his demesnes, 387. Ransoms himself, 408. -. ——, Lewis, duke of, disputes the administration of France during the minority of Charles VIII., with the princess Anne of Beaujeu, iii. 22. Obliged to fly to the court of Brittany, 23. Commands the duke of Brittany's forces against the invasion of France, 23. Taken prisoner by the French, 28. Released, to promote the king of France's suit to the duchess of Brittany, 32. Succeeds to the crown of France, 59. See Lewis XII. Ormesby, left justiciary of Scotland on the return of Earl. Warrenne to England, ii. 121. The Scots irritated at his oppressions, 121. Flies to England on the appearance of William Wallace, 122. Ormond, earl of, reduces the Spanish general, San Josepho, in Kerry, iv.'179. - -, earl of, his successes against the Irish rebels, v. 264. Engages the justices and council to adhere to the king against the parliament, 265. Concludes a cessation of arms with the rebels by the king's order, 266. Sends over troops to assist the king, 266. Glamorgan treats with the Irish rebels without his knowledge, 318. Resigns Dublin, and all other places, by the king's order, to the parliamentary forces, 325. Concludes a peace with the council of Kilkenny, and engages it to assist the king, 390. Narrowly escapes from a conspiracy formed against him, 391. Retires to France, 392. Returns back, 392. Reduces the parliamentarv garrisons, 393. Besieges Dublin, 396. Is defeated by a sally from the city, 396. Again leaves the island, 398. Comes to England to concert a conspiracy against the protector, 481. Is forced to fly, 482. Is made steward of the household, and created a duke, vi. 2. Is made lord lieutenant of Ireland, where he suppresses an intended irisurrection, 73. Remonstrates against the English act prohibiting the importation of Irish cattle, 74. Is seized by. Blood, but.rescued, 90. Is again sent lord lieutenant of Ireland, 245. His administration vindicated by his son, Ossory, against Lord Shaftesbury, 246. Is recalled by King James, 311. Osric, king of Deiri, and Eanfrid, king of Bernicia, apostatize to paganism, i. 35. Ossory, Lord, son of the duke of Ormond, his bold speech to the duke of Buckingham, vi. 91. Commands in the fleet under Prince Rupert, 118. Justifies his father's administration in Ireland against Lord Shaftesbuiy, 246. Ostend, short account of the siege of, by the Spaniards, iv. 339, n. Oswald,'king of Northumberland, recovers the dismembered parts of his kingdom, and restores the Christian religion, i. 35. Gives the Britons a final defeat, 35. Slain by Penda,. king of bMercia, 35. History of his successors, 35. Otterborne, battle of, ii. 298. Otway, the poet, his unhappy fate, vi. 377. Overbury, Sir Thomas, assists young Carrg the king's favrite, with poa Page 508 508 IINDEmx. advice, iv. 428. His imprudence in the affair of Lady Essex, 430. I1 committed to the To'wer by the deceittul contrivance of Rochester, 430. is pou;s-med, by order of Somlerset and his lady, 431. HIis remaiks on the lng-llish liavv,,514. 3utltiws, wilethler ellgiule to patrliament, iv. 3.90. )xl'ord Unlliverity, by whom first toullded, i. 74. The parliamient, afterwards called the maed parliament, assembles there, ii. 32.'lle provisions ot, enacted, 33. See Barons. Lectures in civil law, wheni first rea I theree, 5)19. Whel first erected ilto a bishopric, iii. 24,5. -''lhe parlia.iteLct removved thither by Cilarles I., on aicouut of thie platge at Londonl, v. 6. This parliament dissolved on the plague appeariing there, 10. Negotiations there for ua peace between the king and parlialent, 239. The king endeavors to formln a parliament there, in opposition to that at London, vi. 236., earl of, invites Henry VII. to an entertainment, iii. 71. Fined by the knilg for his retainers, 71. Pack, Aldernman, makes a motion in parliament for giving Cromwell the title of king, v. 473. } aget, Secretary, remonstrates with Lord Seymour on the impropriety of caballing against his brother, the protector, iii. 345. Informs the protector of' his practices, and advises him to return from Scotland to guard against themi, 345. Adheres to Somerset in his distress, 362. Advises Mary to the Spanish alliance, 398. Palatilate of the Rhine. See Frederic. The English undertake the recovery of it, iv. 492. The attempt fails, 493. Restored in part by the treaty of Westphalia, v. 455. Palestine, state of, at the arrival of the crusaders, Richard I. of England and Philip of France, i. 374. Painer, Mirs. See Cleveland. -, Sir Thomas, is employed by Northumberland as a spy upon Somerset, iii. 373. His accusation against Somierset, 373. Is apprehended for joining the party of the lady JaneCGray, 390. Is executed, 390. Pandolf, legate from Pope Innocent III. in his expedition against King John of England, his private instructions, i. 415. Proposes an interview with John, 418. Procures his submission to the pope, 418. Receives the resignation of his kingdom, and homage fron him, 418. Excommunicates the earl of Albemnarle and his adherents, ii. 9. Papacy, the seat of, how fixed in Italy, ii. 322. Papal authority, the popular sentinments of, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 272. Renounced by Henry VIII., iii. 197. See Reformation. Par, Catharine, married to Henry VIII., iii. 288. Is made regent during ienry's absence in France, 293. Her danger of impeachment for heresy, 303. Her prudent evasion of this danger, 303. Marries Lord Seymour soon after Henry's death, 345. Dies in childbed, 346. Paris, massacre of the Hugonots in that city, on the eve of St. Bartholomew, iv. 157. See France. Parker, Archbishop, his character, iv. 201 i ---—, bishop of Oxford, is violently appointed president of Magdalen College by James II., vi. 323. Parliament, English, a view of, in its feudal form, i. 451. By what titles the dignified clergy obtained seats in, 4.51. The importance of the barons in, 452. The commons not originally a part of, 453. Composed wholly of military tenants, 453. -When usually assembled, 457. That sumlmnoned at Oxford, in the minority of Henry III., grants, in his name, a renewal and confirmation of the Great Charter, ii. 10. Refuses supplies to Henry, 18, 24. The spirited pemnonstrances of, to the king, on his demand of a supply, 27. Grants a supply, on a solemn confirmation of the Great Charter, 29. Assembles dressed in armor, 32. That termed the mad one, meets at Oxford, 32. A supreme council of' twenty-fout ehosen by, to regulate the government, 32. The first efforts towards Page 509 INDEX 509. sending representatives of counties to, 33. Regular sessions of, ap pointed by the council of barons, 33. A committee. of twelve appointed by the council, of equal authority with, to act in the intervals of the sessions, 35. One called by H-enry, which authorizes him to resume the government, in consequence of the pope's absolution, 41. One sulmnooned 1by Leicester, after the battle of Lewes, which appoints a council of nine to adllminister government, 51. Again summoned by Leicester, and the house of commonl regularly formed, 53. Approves of the ordinances of the reforming barons after the civil wars were ended, 63. Other laws enacted in the reign of Henry III., 63. The first summoned by Edward I., reforms the administration of justice, 72. The barons prohibited coming to, except summoned by writ, 98. Grants supplies to Edward- for a French war, 110. Is awed into a confirmation of the two charters by the earls of Norfolk and Hereford, while the king is in Flanders, 116. A summary view of the supplies granted to Edward I., 140. The banishment of Piers Gavaston demanded by Thomas, earl of Lancaster, 146. Procures the government to be vested in a council of twelve, 147. Passes a sentence of forfeiture and perpetual exile agains+ the Despensers, 158. Deposes Edward II., 166. A council of regency formed by, to act during the minority of Edward III., 178. Ratifies Mortimer's treaty with Robert Bruce, 182. Condemns Mortimer tc death, 184. Assists the king in his endeavors to restore Edward Baliol in Scotland, and its advice to him, 190. Grants supplies to assist the pretensions of Edward to the crown of France, 197. Is summoned by Prince Edward during his father's absence in Flanders, but no supplies obtained, 231. Remarks on the present power of, 201. Its conditional griants to the king, 29}1. Resolutions of, on his assumed title as king'of France, 202. Frames an act for redress of grievances before the making the required grants, 209. Is prevailed on to repeal this act, 211. Advises the king to break the truce with Philip, and makes grants for the renewal of the war, 217. The consideration it arrived to in the reign of Edward 1II., 267. Its frequent endeavors to abolish purveyance in this reign, 269. Attempts in vain to reduce the price of labor, 275. Settlement of government established by, during the minority of Richard II., 281. Is dissolved, and' the increase of its auth(ority shown, 281. Imposes a poll-tax, and the alarming consequences of it, 282. Its peremptory deputation to the king, 290. Its undue compact with the duke of Gloucester and his party 294. Proceedings arailst the mlinistry, 294; The irregularlty of their conduct, 296. Influence of the king over, and their compliance with his measures, f523. Adjourned to Shrewsbury, 314. Grants Richaid the duties on wool and leather for life, with other subsidies, 3')4. Before their dissolution, vest the parlia mentary authority in a committee of twelve lords and six commoners, 3804. Namiles of the commissioners, 304, n. Heads of the accusation presented to, against King Richard, 310. Depose hinm, 314. Act against heresy, 320. Repealed, 321. The repeal suppressed by the inflaleule of the clergs, 321. Confusions in, at the accession of Henry IV'., 327. Opposes his attempt to exclude females firom the suctcession, 340. Advises the king to seize the temnori lities of the church, a341l. Rneiwrs thel same advice to Henry V., 350. Grants to Henry, after the battle of Azincour, 359, 366. Caunses which contributed ti increase its iTflUleice in evelrTlment, 34. Appoints a new arra.ntmen t of aIdministratin dlrilMg the mminority of lIenry VI., 374. Refumses supplies to the ldulke o' Bedfordi reoent of France, 397. One c.tlled at St. Edl.und's P uIry, 411. Makes the hduke of York protector during. pleasuire, 432 R'sumes all- ttie girants of the crown since the death of Henry V., 481. Th-it of Coventry, remlarks on, 4f3. The title of Edwand lV. recogniz ed bhy 449 Atttindiers reversed, 449. Act of torfeiture and attainder rpassed A.iuatinst lien'y VII alnd his queen, and their party, 449. Summonled, at the res. otation of. Ienmy- If, 463. New system of attainders and reversals, 4G, 43 Page 510 10 IND'E. Summoned by Ecdward on his restoration, 472. Their grants to the king to waLrds a French war, 473. Reflections on the inconsistency of their proceedings, 481. One s'uosnmm oned by Richalrd LII. recognizes his authority, cr-'atcs his son prince of Wales, and makes grants, 35(2. Attainders reversed on the coming in of lenry VII., iii. 7. Expedient for qualifying the kinc's prior attaindle, 8. Entail of the ciownI, how managed, 8. Attaiders of the Yoik party, 9. Grants a supply for the assistance of the t.]tke of Brittany, 28. Grants supplies to the king for a war with'rsanlle, 3a. Passes a law to ilidelinify all who act under the authority of tihe kinlg for the tine being, 46. Grants Henry another subsidy, 50. Its obs-cqttiousnpss to his oppressive measures, 63. Chooses I)udley, the minister of his extortions, speaker, 63. Star chamber authority confirmed by, 69.' The king's suit for murder limited withlin a year and day, 70. B'enefit of clergy abridged, 70. Statutes Against retainers, and for other salutary purposes, 70. Law permitting the entailhsent of estates to be broke, 72. Review of other laws passed by Henry VIi., 72. The first of Henry VIII. attaints Empson and Dudley, the ministers of the extortions of Henry VII., 81. Redresses some abuses in the late reign, 81, n. Grants supplies for a war with France, 86. Imijoses a proportional poll-tax, 90. Grants of, to Henry, by the influence of Cardinal Wolsey, and of Sir Thomas More, 141. Passes 55n act against levying anniates, 187. Continues to abridge the papal authority, in the reglulation of monasteries, and election of bishops, 195. The succession of the crown regulated, 196. Declares the king supremne head of the church, 197. Attaints Sir Thomas More and Bishop Fisher, 198. Unites England and Wales, 198. Passes an act of attainder against the rccomplices of the holy maid of Kent, 210. The lesser monasteries supipressed by, 220. Further progress made in the union between England and Wales, 220. The gross flattery of the speaker of the commons to the king, 229. Reason assigned for annulling the king's -marriage. with Anne Boleyn, 230, n. The princesses Mary and Elizabeth illegitimated, and the succession settled on the king'is issue by Jane Seymour, 230. All authority of the bishop of Rome renounced, 231. Passes the bill of six articles, for abolishing diversity of opinions in religion, 2;3. Enacts that royal proclamations shall have the force of laws, 2.55. Yet passes a statute declaring that the king's proclamations shall not infringe the laws or customs of the realm, 255. Confirms the surrender of the monasteries, 257. Dissolves the orderof St. John of Jerusalem, or knights of Malta, 262. Grants, with reluctance, supplies to Henry, 262. Instance of its servile complaints with Henry's caprices, 462. Condemns Dr. Barnes for heresy, 267. Attaints Queen Catharine Howard and her associates, 273. Passes an act to secure the virtue. of Henry's future wives, 273; Ireland erected into a kingdom by, 462. Ratifies the future decisions of the commissioners appointed by the king to establish a religion, 275. Prohibits the reading of the Bible to the lower classes of the people, 277. Grants supplies for a French war, 286. Enacts that offences against the king's proclamations shall be judged by a council of nine, -287. Enforces obedience to the Erudition of a Christian Man, published by Henry VIII., 287. Restores the princesses Mary and Elizabeth to their right of succession, 290. The style of the king's regal title settled, 290. The king's debts, contracted by a general loan, reniitted, 290. Another oath of the king's supremacy imposed, 291. The law of the six articles mitigated, 291. Grants another slubsidy 297. Bestows on the king all the university and hospital revenues, 297. The abject flattery bestowed on the king, 297. Henry's speech to, on proroguing it, 298. Attainder of the duke of Norfolk, 306. A recapitulation of the statutes passed by Henry VIII., 311. Remarks on the statute granting him the duties of tonnage'and poundage, 312. One summoned by the duke of Somerset, protector, 339. The wholesome aws passed this session, 339. Lord Seymour condemned, 349. Celibacy Page 511 INDEX. 511 recommended to the clergy, but their marriage permitted, 351. Deprives the protector of all his offices, and fines him, 364. Passes a severe act against rioters, 36i. The new liturgy authorized, 375. Interest for money declared illegal, 375. Acts passed against treason, 376. An act making provision for the poor, 376. The Latin mass celebrated in, at the.accession of Queen Mary, 394. The species of treason limited, 395. The queen's legitimacy established, 395. All Edward's statutes of religion repealed, 395. The duke of Norfolk's attainder reversed, 395. Is dissolved, for opposing the Spanish alliance, 399. A large sum sent over by the emperor Charles V., to bribe the new one, 407. Gardiner's speech at the opening of, 407. The caution of, with respect to the pretensions of Philip, 407. Is dissolved, 408.. A new one summoned, which reverses the attainder of Cardinal Pole, 410. Implores forgiveness of the pope, for their defection from the church of I'ome, 411. Its caution to prevent the resumption of church lands, 411. Revives the sanguinary laws against heretics, 412. Tenths and first-fruits restored to the church, 427. Subsidies granted by a new one, 442. All sales or grants of crown lands by the queen, for seven years to come, confirmed, 442. Law for regulating the militia; 447. The first law for repair of the highways by a general parish duty, 448. The joy discovered by, at the accession of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 1. A new one called, by whom the title of the queen is recognized, 7. The newly-erected monasteries suppressed, 8. All statutes of Edward VI. concerning religion restored, 9. The nomination of bishops given to the crown, 9. The mass abolished, and liturgy restored, 10. The queen's royal powker over all her dominions strongly asserted, and the assertion of the papal authority subjected to the penalties of treason, 58. Laws against prophesying and witchcraft, 58. Supplies granted to the queen, 58. Elizabeth's speech at the dissolution of, 79. A new one summoned, after an interval of five years, 133. Is prohibited by the queen's order from meddling with any matters of state, 133. Reflections on her haughty treatment of, and her declared notions of the proper objects of its attention, 133. L. \ s passed this session of, 141. A spirited speech of Peter Wentworth, a commoner, in favor of liberty of speech in, 172. Petitions the queen for chuv;.h reforniation, instead of proceeding on the bill introduced!,1,r a:i urpose, 175. Supplies granted by, to the queen, 181. Laws against Popery, 181. Confirms the association for the protection of the queen, 199. Appoints a regency, in case of her violent death, 199. A severe lawt against Jesuits and Popish priests, 199. Elizabeth's speech, oin tile applications made by the commons for further religious reformation, 203. Ratifies the sentence against Mary, queen of Scots, and petitions for her execution, 230. Grants supplies to the queen, on the defeat of the Spanish armada, 264. Passes a severe law against recusants, 280. Votes supplies, 281. The queen's speech to, 281. Its legislative power checked by Elizabeth, 353. Tyrannical statutes passed by, 355. One summoned by James I., 388. Appoints commissioners, at the king's desire, to treat of a union between the two kingdoms, 396. Becomes jealous of the regal prerogative in ecclesiastical affairs, 418. Buckingham lays before it an insincere account of the treaty for the Spanish match, which the king andt prince vouch, 483. The king's speech relative to a war with Spain, 485. An act against monopolies, 486. One summoned by Charles I. on his accession, v. 1. Its ill humor, owing to disgust against Buckingham, 3. Other contributing causes, 4. Is adjourned to Oxford, on account of the plague, 6. The king lays his necessities before it, 6. Refuses supplies, 7. Dissolved, on the plague appearing at Oxford, 10. A second called by Charles, 11. A third summoned, 32. The king's threatening address to it, 32. The petition of.right passed, 44; which is followed by a grant of supplies, 45. Is dissolved, 52. Is summoned after eleven years' interval, 112. The king's pleas to procure supplies, 113. Is abruptly dissolved, 119. Meeting of Page 512 512 INDEX. the long, 128. An act for triennial parliaments passed, 150, Attaindej of Str.ilfird, 166. Act against adjourning and proroguing the parliament without its own coln:tent. 166. The star cham.ber and high coin m11sson court abolished, 170. Other arbitrary courts suppre.ssed, 171. Adjourns, and appoints a comminittee of both houses to sit during tlle recess, 172. Appo)ilts a counmmittee to attend the king to Scotland, 172. Mlakes a present, with acknowledlgents, to the Scottish aryly, whch are now disbanded, 174. A day of thanlksgiviing appoilted tor the national pacification, 174. Applies to the earil of E.ssex for a guard, 177.'Votes the king's interfering inl a bill depenlding in, to be a breach of n'ilecge, 199 Reflections on the uncertiinty of parliamentary privileges, 1d99. Petitions or addresses received fionm divers bodies o tilhe commllon people, polomising to protect its privileges, 212. Is petitioined by a body of women, 212. The bishops' votes taken away, 214. Threati ns the queen with an impeachment, 214. Passes the militia bill, 215. Rtaizes an army, and appoints the earl of Essex general, 223. Obtains loals of the people, 223. Sends conditions of agreement to the king, 225. Stops all remittances of revenue to the king, 228. Their fleet intercepts supplies from the queen to the king, 229. Its haughty reception of tlhe king's overtures, 232. Votes an address for a treaty after the battle of Edge-hill, 238. Its demands in the negotiation at txford, 23'9. 1'ol tllu operatiols of its forces against the king, see Essex, Waller, Fairfax, Cromwell, etc. The military operations conldIucted by a comilittee of both houses, 251. The secret measures aiid despotic authority of this coimm ittee, 2.51. Applies to Scotland for assistance, 258. selds commissioners to engage the Scots to confederate with thein, 261. tcceives and enforces subscription to the solenin league and covenant, 262. Rtemits Imoney to Scotland to raise an arlmy, 263. Aleasuires taken to suppress the Irish rebellion. 264. A commllittee of, sent to Irelamnd, is excluded the council by the influence of Olmond, 265. Lays all excise on beer, wine, and other commiiiiodities, 270. Publishes an ordinance for retrenching a meal a week towards the public service, 27). ls.written tio by the king, but rejects his offirs of treaty, 271. T'he Independents formi a party in, 283. Differences btetweenll ianchlester anld Crolllwell, 283. Passes the self-denyilng ordinlanle, 287.' Receines proposals trom tile king for a treaty, 289. Seunds commllissionles to xunxildrge, 291. S~Iunlolims an asseinblv of divines at Westmnuinster for regulating reiigion, 291. Denmands of the comiiiissioniers at Usxbidge, as to religioni, 291. IDemiands as to the militia, 292. Demlands with iegard to Ir'ellld, 2'4. Other demands Imade to the king, 295. Rieturn of the conlliiisslonlers, 2J95. Executioll of Laud, 235. Publishes tilhe king's letters taken at DIaseby, 312. Refuses a treaty with the king, 318. Issues orders for securing hilm, if lie canie to London, 318. Reproaches the king with (laniorgamn's transactions in Ireland, 319. Estabilishes the Presbyterian discipline, 3193; but refuses to adnlit the divine right of it, 32). hestraiis the power of excommunication, 321. Is inforilled by the Scots of the king's arrival in their ariily, 323. Sends fresh proposals to tile king, 325. Treats with the Scots for deliverillg up the killg, 326. ie is delivered to the comnuissioners sent for hiiii, 328. Proposes a reiluetion of the army, 330. The army begins to nmnitilv agailnst its authority, 332. Sends proposals for their going to Ireland, 332. \'otes to disband all- who refuse that service, 334. l)iscovers Cromwlell's schemes, and prepares ani accusation against him, 336. Its oppressive actt renlder it odious to the people, 337. A review of its civil.admilniistrationl, 33'. Ordlers out the London militia to defend it against the ar11y, 34 1. Elnters into a nmegotiation with the arnmy, 34). Appoints Fairt'ax ge'neral in chief of all the torces, 344. Is obliged to vote accordilng to thel" i nsttulietions of the armyS, 344. Is forced by the populace to reverse a vote tfo the change'of the Londoni militia, 3144. Their speakers apply to the *rmy for prott(, ion, 3&45'Nw Speakers chosen, and defence prepared Page 513 INDEZ. 6513 for, 845. The old speakers reinstated by the army, 346. Negotiates again with the king, 352. Votes against any further negotiation with the king, 3,54. Declares the Scots enemies, 369. Endeavors to regain its liberty during the absence of the army, and sends to treat with the king, 3759. The points debated between them, 361. Disavows any concaurrence in the seizure bf the. king by the army, 367. Is surrounded by the army, 367. Proceeds to a conclusioni of the treaty with the king, 367. The Presbyterian members excluded, and confined by Colonel Pride, 368. The remaining members reverse the former proceedings, 368. See Commons. Its proceedings after the battle of Worcester, 421. Erects a high court of justice to try offences against the commonwealth, 42L.. See Commnonwealth. Frames the navigation act, 428. Grants letters of reprisal against the United Provinces, 428. Refuses to admit the apology of the Dutch for Tromp's conduct, and commence war with the states, 429. See Blake, Ayscue, etc. The army remonstrates for a new oine, 433. Is violently dissolved by Cromwell, 434. Reflections on its proceedings, 434. A new one summoned by (Oomwell, 440. Character of it, 441. Regulations in government and religion proposed by, 442. Orders marriage to be solemnized by the civil magistrate, 442. Resigns its authority to Cromwell, 443. One slr'imloned by the protector, 448. The equitable plan of election, 449. 1s reproved by the protector for dlsputling his authority, 451. Is forcerl to recognize his authority, and is then dissolved, 451. A new one chosen by the protector, 472. Votes a renunciation of the royal family, 472. A motion made by Jephson for bestowing the crown on Cromwell, 472. The same motion made in form by Alderman Pack, 473. This motion agreed to, and a coimmittee appointed to persuade the protector's acceptance, 474. Confirms his protectoral authority on his refusal of the title of king, 477. Is again assembled in two houses, as formerly, 479. Is dissolved, 479. One called by Richard Cromwell, 491. Votes against the council of officers, 493. Is dissolved by their influence, 493. The long one, restored by the council of oficers, 494. Discovers a design formed for restoring the king, whicLbis suppressed, 496. Cashiers Lainbert, and vests the command of the army in commlssion, 498. Is expelled by Lambert, 498. Is again restored, 5)6. Reduces the army to obedience, 506. - Is desired by Monk to send -the regiments out of London, 508. Monk arrives, and is thanked, 5J8. }His reply, 508. Its authority disputed by the people, particularly by London, 5)9. Orders Monk to march into the city to seize the refractory citizens, 509. Is ordered by Monk to fix a time for dissolution, and for calling a nlew one, 510. The secluded members take their seats, and after some inecessary votes issue writs for a new one, 511. The new one meats, and Sir Harbottle Grilnstone chosen speaker, 516. See Commorons. The house of lords reassemble, 517. See Lords. Charles II. proclaimed, 517. A committee appointed to invite the king over, 517. Act of indemnity passed, vi. 4. Siettlement of the revenue, 4. Its caution in disbanding the army, 6. Is dissolved, 8. The new one passes an act for the security of the king's person and government, 17. Resigns all military authority to the king, 19. Corporation act passed, 20. Act of uniformity passed, 21). Grants the king four subsidies, being the last grant of that nature, 32. Militia regulated, 32. Repeals the triennial act, 3.5. Grants supplies for the Dutch war, 39, 95. Five-mile act, 45. [Rtetllates the rebuilding of London, 51. Votes a supply to the king, 51 An act of incapacity and banishment passed against Clarendon, 59. Prohibits the importation of Irish cattle, 74. Supplies granted, 8). Act against conventicles passed, 80. Coventry act, 90. Mleets, after two years' prorogation, 113. Speeches of the king and tie chancellor Shafteovury to, 114. Test act passed, 117. Is prorogued on the discontent of the commons, 122. Its legality disputed, alter a twelvemomnth's recess, 144. Exhorts the king to guard against the growing power of Fraltce, 145. Addresses the ling to form an alliaane with the states agaif$* Page 514 61:4:~mrx. France, 148. Is adjourned, 148. Takes the Popish plot into considiera tion, 183. A new test act passed, 187. Is dissolved, 190. Character of this long one, 191. A new one summoned, 194. Habeas corpus act passed, 204. Is prorogued, and afterwards dissolved, to stop proceedings against Danby, 207. The king's speech to the new one, 220. The persecuting statute, the thirty-fifth of Elizabeth, repealed, and dissent" ers eased, 233. The king evades giving his assent to this bill, 235. Is dissolved, and a new one summonea, 236. Meets at Oxford, 236. Is suddenly dissolved, 240. One called by James II., 288. His speech to, on the settlement of a revenue on him, 288. Arguments urged for and against the grant of a revenue during life, 289. The grant during life voted, 291. An act of attainder passed against the duke of Monmouth, 293. The convention, summoned by the prince of Orange, 354. Settles the crown on the prince and princess of Orange, 362. [',r;iament of Scotland recognizes the title of the maid of Norway to the cr)wn, ii. 80. Refers the pretensions of Baliol and Bruce to the award c,' Edward I. of England, 83. Is summoned by the queen dowager in an abbey near Haddington, and determines to send the young queen Mary to France, iii. 343. Summoned by the congregation of the Lord, in which the Catholic religion is suppressed, and the Presbyterian discipline established, iv. 29. The queen in France refuses to ratify the proceedings of, 30. Is summoned by Mary to attaint the banished lords, 72. How this scheme failed, 72. Is summoned by the regent Murray, condeninls Mary to prison for the murder of her husband, and ratifies the settlement of the crown on her son James VI., 96. Appoints commission. ers to negotiate a treaty with Elizabeth, 131. Prohibits the clergy firom meddling with the affairs of government, 196. A law proposed to it by James, for the external government of the church, to be vested in him and the bishops, 446. The bill dropped by the opposition of the clergy, 446. One held by Charles I., v. 78. Its proceedings towards ratifying the acts of the assembly stopped by prorogation, 112. Abolishes the lords of articles, 175. The creation of peerages limited, 175. Triennial parliaments established, 175. Its consent made necessary in the alSpointment of officers of state, 176. Its cool behavior on being informed by the king of the Irish massacre, 188. Sends commissioners to treat with the English parliament, 188. Opposes the delivering up the king to the English parliament, 328. One summoned by Charles II. after the defeat at Dunbar, 414. One called on the restoration, which annuls all laws passed since the year 1633, vi. 13. The covenant annulled, 15. Proceedings of, 67. Act of indemnity, 68. Act against conventicles, 70. One summoned before Lauderdale as commissioner, 162. Severe law against conventicles, 163. Enacts a contradictory test act, 250. Its abject servility to James II on his accession, 301. Rejects the king's application for indulgence to Catholics, 317. The convention summoned by the prince of Orange offers the crown to him and the princess, 355. Parma, duchess of, is left, by Philip II. of Spain, governness of the Low Countries, iv. 147. -, prince of, sacceeds Don John of Austria in the command of the Low Countries, iv. 170. Reduces several provinces to obedience to Spain, 205. His successes against the earl of Leicester, 211. Prepares to join the armada in the invasion of England, 255. Refuses to join the fleet on its ill success, 263. Marches to assist the Catholic league in France, 274. Parry, William, is instigated by the Jesuits to take away the life of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 204. His deliberate prosecution of his purpose, 204. Is discovered and executed, 205. Pascal II., pope of home, his disputes with King Henry I. about investitures, i. 253. His insolent answers to Henry, 253, 254. His' shameful A-each of treaty with the emperor Henry V., 256. Threatens Henrv with excommunication, 256. Compromise between, 2"' Page 515 INDEX. 515 Passive obedience, the antiquity of that doctrine in England, iv. 671. The principle of, endeavored to be enforced by the house of lords, vi. 133. Arguments urged concerning, 134. Pasturage, laws enacted by -Henry VIII. to restrain the throwing lands into, iii. 317. The inducements to this practice, and evils resulting from it, 355. Patents for monopolies, debates in the house of commons concerning, in Queen Elizabeth's reign, iv. 552. See Monopolies. Pavia, battle of, between the imperialists and Francis I. of France, iii. 149. Paul III., Pope, hopes, at his succession, to effect a reconciliation with Henry VIII., iii. 213. Excommunicates Henry, 213, 246. The rage expressed against Henry on his suppressing the religious houses, 246. A council summoned at Mantua, the authority of which Henry declares against, 249. Appoints Beaton, primate of Scotland, a cardinal, 282. - IV., Pope, his character, iii. 426. Is offended at Queen Mary's assuming the title of queen of Ireland, 426. Insists on full restitution of all church possessions, 426. His conduct compared with that of the emperor Charles V., 432. Cites Archbishop Cranmer to stand trial for her esy at Rome, 433. His haughty behavior on the English ambassador's notification of the accession of Elizabeth, iv. 3. Paullinus, archbishop of York, converts Edwin, king of Northumberland, to Christianity, i. 34. Converts Coifi, the Saxon high priest, 34. Peada, son of Penda, king of Mercia, receives Christianity into his kingdom, i. 37. Pecquigni, treaty bf peace there between Ed]ward IV. of England and Lewis XI. of France, ii. 475. Peers, when first created by patent, ii. 325. A great council of, summoned by Charles I. at York, v. 123. House of. See Lords. Pembroke, earl of, his ineffectual endeavors to save Chateau Gaillard from being taken by Philip of France, i. 404. -- 2, earl of, is mareschal of England at the death of King John, ii, 2. Procures young Henry III. to be crowned at Gloucester, 2. Is chosen protector of the kingdom, 3. Endeavors to conciliate the affections of the barons to the young king, 4. Takes the city of Lincoln from the French, 6. The barons conclude a peace with him, 7. His prudent care to restore the form of government, 8. Dies, 8. Ay, Aymer de Valence, earl of, joins in: the confederacy of Thomas, earl of Lancaster, against Piers Gavaston, ii. 149. Takes Gavaston prisoner in Scarborough Castle, 149., earl of,'is taken prisoner, with his whole army, at sea, by Henry, king of Castile, ii. 263. -, Jasper Tudor, earl of, defeated by Edward, duke of York, at Mortimer's Cross, ii. 440. Sir William Herbert created earl of, iii. 372. Deserts Northum berland, and declares for Queen Mary, 389. Is confined to his house for engaging in the duke of Norfolk's designs, iv. 125. Pen, Admiral, commands the protector's fleet sent to the West Indies, v. 461. Makes an attempt on St. Domingo, 461. Takes Jamaica, and is sent to the Tower, 462. Penda, king of Mercia, his character, i. 37. His enterprises, 37. Killed, 37 Pennington, commander of some ships sent in the service of France, refuses to sail against Rochelle, and returns, v. 8. Is ordered back to Dieppe, where his men desert the service, 8. Pennsylvania, when settled, vi. 369. Penruddoc, and other royalists, excite an insurrection against Cromwell at Salisbury, v. 453. Penry, a Brownist, his cruel prosecution for writing against the hierarchy iv. 356. People, their situation under the feudal government in England, i. 448. Page 516 I1 fmINDEX. Perigord, Cardinal, enileavors anl accommodation between Prince Edwarr of England, and John, king of France, at Poictiers, ii. 242. Perjiury, the irequtency ot, under the old Anglo-Saxon law, remarked, and tlite causes -tLaced, i. 171. Pe kiRn Warlee. See Warbec. PIerth, lKnox, the reformer, arrives from Geneva, and preacl.es there, iv. 20 liint of retormiers there against the -Catholic worship, 20.'The queer regent recei'ved there by accoommodation with the congregation of the Lord, 22. is besieged ald taken by the congregation, 23. A synod ot Presbyterian uiinsters there, routed by a inob o womiien, v. 5;). Pescar.l, marquis of, the imperial- general invades Provence, and besieges 5Marseilles, iii. 147. Peter tle Hermit undertakes to rescue the Holy Land from the Turks, and applies to Pope Mlartin II., i. 227. Leads a vast multitude on this enlterprise, 229..- of Pollf et, a hermit, his cruel treatment by King John, for a prophecy concerning g himn, 42). * — of 6avoy, uncle to Queen Eleanor, invested with the honor of -RichUnonud, and the waidship of Earl Warreune, ii. 17. —, kilng of Castile. bee Castile. ---- des Koches. See Winchester.?eter's pence, occasion of imposing that tax, i. 38. The payment of, suspenided by Heniry 11., 314. Peterborough, when first erected into a bishopric, iii. 245. Dean of, his behavior to Mary, Queen of Scots, at her execution, iv. 244. Peters, Htugh, chaplain to Oliver -Cromwell, a frequent'text of his, v. 352, n. Is tried and executed, vi. 7. -, Father, a Jesuit, and confessor to King James II., is made a privy councillor, vi. 312. Petition of right, this famous bill taken under consideration by the house.of commons, v. 37. Is passed by the comnimions, 42. Passed by the lords, 42.' lhe king's evasive Illanner of passing it, 42. Receives the kinlg's full assent, 44. lThe petitioll at large, 5;36. Petitioners and Abhorrers, account of the origin of those party distinctions, vi. 218. Peyto, a friar, insolently reproaches Henry VIII. from his pulpit, iii. 207. Is in turn abused by Dr. Corren, 2.)8. Is reproved by the counlcil, 208. Philip, king of France, assumues the government oil his father Lewis VlI.'s illness, i.-351. Hetry 11. of Enlglanld mediates a peace between him anid his family, 351. Engages in a ciusade, 354. Stinmulates young Rlchard to revolt against his father, 355. His arluy; wlth that of Richard I., intended for the crusade, renidezvous at ~ezelay, 370. Reiterates his proumlises of friendship with KRichard, 370. Takes the road to Genoa, and emlbarks his arilmy, 370. is obliged to winter at Messina, 370. -His character anld that of Rtichard compared, 3710. His disputes with Richard at Miessinia, 371. Their dliterelces accommodated, 372. Arrives in Palestine, and a._slits at the siege of Acre, 374. Espouses the preteulsions of Conrade, llarhquis of Montferrat, to the kingdoln of Jerusalei, in opposition to Guy de Lusignan, 37,5. Returns to Europe, 376. Is prevenited iromi iinvading Normitandy, but seduces Prince John from his allegiance, 3i7. Makes the death of (Conrade the pretence of his enmuity to iticlaLrd, 379. Hiis hostile measures on hearing of the captivity ot Richard, 382. Invades Normiiandy, 363. Besieges Rouen, but is repulsed by Utie earl of Leice.ster, 383. hi4is laconic letter to Prillce Jin,. 87. Is r,uttd, ilad hi reord, tilken by Ri h id, H88. Con lides a truce w.th Lticilard, 3i8. Collcludes a peace at Lousiers, which is soon broke, 36J. i iakes a truce wuth RHicnard for five years, 389.'lakes Ar thur, duke of Brittany, ulider his protection, 395. Concludes a peace with John, 3U6. The Norman barons appeal to him against John, 398,' disputes with J ohn, 398. Aarries his daughter to Arthur, duke of Page 517 Brittany, b. Hls successes against John, 399.. Is appealed to by the Bretons on the murder of Arthur by John, 401 Sumnmons John to appear before him, and, on his non-appearance, sentences him to the for, feiture ot all his royalties in France, 401. Takes various placesfrbm John, and, by his address, raises the siege of Alenqon, 402. Besieges and takes Chateau G(aillard, on the frontiers -if Normandy, 403 434. Takes Falaise, and the governor Lupicaire enlists with hiln against John, 404. Acqulres the possession of Normandy; 405. With the other provinces, 405. Accepts the offer of the kingdom of England triade by Pope Innocent IIL, 417. Prepares an armament to acquire jossession of it, 417. His rage on the treaty betwe-n John and i'andolf, the pope's legate, 42). His fleet destroyed by the earl of Sali.sbury, 421. His refdectiOns on the offer of the kingdom of Enaland, by the barons, to 1 is son Lewis, 437. Demanlds hostages of the barons for their fidelity, 437. Sends forces over with Lewis, 437. His conduct respecting this enterp.ise of his son, ii. 7. Dies, and is succeeded by his son Lewis, 12. Philip, king of FrLnce, cites Edward 1., as duke of Guienne, before him, to alswer for some differences at sea, ii. 93. Gains the province of Guiellne, by artifice, from the English, 93. Defeats their attempts to recover it, 94, 95. Forms an alliance with John Baliol, king of Scotland, 95. Edward forms alliances against him, 110. His successes in Flanders, 119. Concludes a truce with England, and submits his differences to Pope Boniface, 12). Bestows his sister on Edward, and his daughter on Prince Edward, 12.3. - the Fair of France, his cruel treatment of the knights templars, ii. 170. ---- de Valois, how he became entitled to the crown of France, ii. 193.,Receives homage for Guienne from Edward III. of England, 194. Pre "pares to oppose the hostile pretensions of Edward to his crown, 199. his fleet destroyed by Edward, 2)3. Relieves Tournay, besieged by'Edward, 204. His reply to Edward's defence, 234. Concludes a truce with Edward, by the mediation of Jane, countess of Hainault, 205. Espouses the pretensioiis of Charles de Blois to the duchy of Brittany, 212. Confines the count de Mlountfort in the tower of the Louvre, 213. Concludes a truce with the countess and Edward, 217. His surprise and movements on Edward's invasion of Normandy, 221. His precipitate behavior in following Edward to Crecy, 225. His memorable defeat there, 226, 227. The great number slain at the battle, 228. Concludes a truce with Edward, 234. His death and character, 237. -, son of the emperor Charles V., is proposed by his father as a husband to Mary, queen of England, iii. 398. Substance of the marriage articles, 400. Reflections of the English on this match, 401. Caution and reserve of the parliament with respect to h s pretensions, 408. Arrives in England, and is mlarried, 4;19. Disgusts the English by his haughtiness and reserve, 410. Is denied -the ceremony of coronation, 412. His attempts to acquire popularity, 412. His motives for protecting the lady Elizabeth, 413. His artifice to elude the charge of promoting the cruelties exercised against the English reformers, 423. Leaves Enlgland, and retires to Flanders, 428. His father makes a formal re.,ignation of all his hereditary dominions to him, 430. Ungratefully neglects paying his father's pension, 430. Endeavors to engage Elgland in his quarrel with France, 432. Comes over to England to press the queen on that measure, 435. Raises an army under Phillibert, duke of Savoy, 437. B. ttle of St. Quintln, 437. Takes the town, 431, Joins the army under the duke of Satvoy, but declines engaging Guist 445. Enters inlto neg,tiatlons for peace, 445. Death of Queen Mary 445. /Ro:eives a k.nd emballssy fromn Ehlizabeth, iv. 2. Makes propo all of mnarriage to her, 3. She refuses his proposal of adhering to the Span ish alliance against France, 13. Pe'ace of Chateau Cambresis witg France, 13. Exerts his good offices at the court of Rome, to prevent tlh VOL. VI, 44 H Page 518 excommunication of Elizabeth, 15. His character delineated, 49. Vows to spend his life in the extirpation of heresy, 49. His cruel persecution of Constantine Ponce, his father's confessor, 50. Issues rigorous orders for the prosecution of heretics, 50. Commencement of his open enmity to Elizabeth, 51. Forms an alliance with the duke of Guise for the suppressing heresy, 53. Concerts a massacre of the French Hugonots with Catharine de Medicis and the cardinal of Lorraine, 71. Leaves the duchess of Parma governess of the Low Countries, 147. The Flemish Protestants revolt, 148. Determines to overthrow the Flemish privileges, 148. Remonstrates to Elizabeth against her giving countenance to the Flemish exiles, 164. Revolt of Holland and Zealand, 165. The revolted Hollanders associate under the prince of Orange, 166. Recalls the duke of Alva at his own request, 166. Elizabeth ainls to accommodate matters, 167. Sends Don John of Austria governor of the Low Countries, 168. The pacification of Ghent concluded, 168. Invades Ireland, 179. Remonstrates against the depredations of Drake, 181. Founds a seminary at Douay for the education of English Catholics, 182. His power and naval strength, 209. Projects an invasion of England, 253. Fits out the invincible armada, 254. His instructions to its commander, the duke of Medina Sidonia, 260. His behavior on the destruction of the armada, 263. Excites disturbances in Scotland, 284. Makes peace with France, 297. Dies, 300. His character, 381. Philip III., of Spain, character of him and his minister, the duke of Lermal iv. 381. Concludes a peace with James I., 398. Acknowledges the independency of the United Provinces, and concludes a truce with them for twelve years, 411. - IV. of Spain, the honorable reception he gave Prince Charles, iv. 478. His conduct on understanding Buckingham's scheme to prevent the marriage, 482. -, archduke of Austria, and son of Maximilian, is educated in the Low Countries, iii. 21. His friendly interview with Henry VII. at Calais, 59. Marries Joan, daughter of Ferdinand, king of Arragon, and Isabella, queen of Castile, 64. Forced by a storm on the coast of England, pays Henry a visit at Windsor, 65. Obliged by Henry to surrender the earl of Suffolk, whom he had protected, 66. Arrives in Spain, and dies, 67. His son Charles affianced to the princess Mary, Henry's daughter, 67. Philippa, daughter of the count of Holland and Hainault, is affianced to Prince Edward, son of Edward II;, ii. 164. Raises an army to repress the Scots in Edward's absence, and takes their king, David, prisoner, 230, 231. Goes over to Edward's camp at Calais, 231. Intercedes with Edward for the deputies of Calais, at its surrender, 233. Philips, Sir Robert, his speech in the third parliament of Charles I., v. 34. Phiilibert, duke of Savoy, commands the Spanish army against France, iii. 437. Besieges St. Quintin, 437. Defeats the constable Montmorency, and takes him prisoner, 437. Philpot, a reformer, archdeacon of Winchester, instance of his zeal against Arianism, iii. 420. Is burnt himself for heresy, 421. Picts and Scots harass the Britons, i. 9. Piercy, surnamed Hotspur, taken prisoner by the Scots at the battle of Otterburne, ii. 298. See Northumberland. --—, Thomas, created earl of Worcester, ii. 304. Rebels against henry IV., 332. Taken prisoner at the battle of Shrewsbury, and executed, 334. -, of the house of Northumberland,- engages with Catesby in the famous gunpowder plot, for blowing up king and parliament, iv. 400. Hires a vault under the parliament house, and conveys thirty-six barrels of gunpowder into it, 402. Flies on the discovery of the scheme, 405. Is killed, 405. P'ilgrimage of grace, an insurrection raised against Henry VIII., in the north of England, under that name, iii. 230. Page 519 Pilkington, sheriff of' London, prosecuted by the duke of York for scandalous expressions, vi. 257. Pinkey, battle of, between the duke of Somerset and the earl of Arran, iii. 336. Pisa, a council summoned there, in opposition to Pope Julius II., which removes to Milan, and after to lyons, iii. 84. Interdicted by the pope, 85. Pistor, his speech in the house of commons, on kneeling and making the sign of the cross, iv. 134. Pius V., Pope, excommunicates Queen Elizabeth, iv. 132. Plague, a great one in the time of Edward III., ii. 237. Is brought into England by the'earl of Warwick, from Havre de Grace, iv. 61. One at London, 388. Another, v. 6. At Oxford, 10. On board the fleet, 11. Great one at London, vi. 44. Plot, gunpowder, history, iv. 401. Popish, a history of, vi. 171, 198. See Oates, tolenian, and Bedloe. Meal-tub, 217. Rye-house, 263. Poictiers, battle of, between Edward, son of Edward III., and John, king of France, ii. 243. Is besieged by the admiral Coligni, iv. 143. Is defended by the young duke of Guise, 144. Pole, Arthur, and his brothers, nephews of the cardinal, are convicted of a conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth, but pardoned, iv. 48., Edinund de la. See Suffolk. —, Sir Geoffrey de la, enters into a conspiracy with some English noble men, and his brother, the cardinal, iii. 248. Discovers the conspiracy, and is pardoned for it, 248. -, Michael de la, chancellor of England, and earl of Suffolk, some anecdotes of, ii. 289. Impeached by the commons, 289. Reflections on his case; 290. Deprived of his office, 291. —, Reginald de la, his descent, iii. 246. Is made dean of Exeter, 247. Declines any concern in the divorce of Henry VIII. from Quleen Cath-.arine, 247. Inveighs against the conduct of Henry in religious alterations, 247. Is invited to England by Henry, 247. Is created a cardinal, and sent legate into Flanders, 247. Is suspected of aspiring to the crown, 248.- Enters into a conspiracy with some English noblemen, who are discovered and executed, 248. His relations persecuted by the king, 256. His mother attainted by parliament, 257. And executed, 268. Is proposed as a husband to Queen Mary, 396. Why it did not take effect, 396. Is invited to England in quality of legate, 397. Is stopped in his journey by the emperor, and why, 399. His attainder reversed, and his blood restored by parliament, 410. Arrives in England, and invites the parliament to reconcile themselves to the see of Rome, 410. Gives the parliament and kingdom absolution, 411. Debates with Bishop Gardiner on the expediency of punishing heretics, 415. Is made archbishop of Canterbury, on the burning of. Cranmer, 435. His politic behavior, 435. Opposes the queen's design of engaging the kingdom in Philip's quarrel with France, 435. His death and character, 446. Polerone, in the East Indies, taken by the Dutch from the English, is agreed to be restored by treaty, v. 447. The English again expelled, vi. 52. Is resigned to theD)utch, o5. Poll-money, first levied by parliament, and the alarming consequences of it, ii. 282. A proportional poll-tax imposed by parliament, to assist Henry VIII. in his war with France, iii. 90. Poltrot assassinates the duke #f Guise, at the siege of Orleans, iv. 59. Ponce, Constantine, confessor to the emperor Charles V., is cruelly treatle by Philip of Spain for heresy, iv. 50. Poor, an act passed for raising'charitable contributions for them, iii. 376. The first legal establishment for the subsistence of, when made, iv. 370. Popedom, its situation at the time of the Norman invasion, i. 143. See Papacy, and Reformation. Page 520 520 NDIEX. Popular government, the first beginnings of, in England, ii. 101. Population, observations on the properest means of promoting, iii. 74. Porters of London petition the long parliament, v. 212. Porto Rico, an attempt against, by Francis Drake, iv. 289. Portsmouth, duchess of, mistress to King Charles II., how introduced to him, vi. 87. l'ortugal, the kingdom of, revolts from the crown of Spain, v. 458. The princess Catharine of, married to Charles II. of England, vi. 24. Post-house, at what sum farmed, in the protectorate of Oliver Cromwell v. 526. Post-master, instance of that office at the time of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 370. Post-office is established by parliament, vi. 8. Poultry, the established prices of, at the beginning of the reign of Charles I., iv. 511. Poynings, Sir Edward, sent over to Ireland by Henry VII., to reduce the malecontents.there, iii. 46. Passes the memorable statute which bears his name, 46. Disappoints Perkin Warbec in his designs uponl that kin!gdom, 49. Made comptroller by Henry VIII., and cjoselnof his privy council, 79. Prag.ue, battle of, between the duke of Bavaria and Frederic, elector palatine, iv. 456. Preaching, the abuse of, restrained, and twelve homilies published to read to the people, iii. 328. Further restrictions of, to prevent the people being distracted by opposite doctrines, 341. Prejeant, a French admiral, kills Sir Edward Howard in an engagement in Conquet Harbor, iii. 95. Invades the coast of Sussex, and loses an eye, 96. Prelates, obnoxious ones, how treated by the court of Rome in the time of -Richard II., ii. 322. Premunire, penalty of, imposed on the Papists in certain cases by Elizabeth, iv. 142. Prtrogative, regal, the notions entertained of, in the time of Elizabeth, iv. 336. Inquiry into the ancient prerogatives of the crown, 346. Apology for the arbitrary exertions of, by James I., 414. The conllnons manifest an intention of limitina it, 416. A review of the various articles of, claimed until the time of Charles I.. 498. Presbytery is established in Scotland by parliament, and the Catholic religion suppressed, iv. 29. Cruel insults shown to Queen Ma~ry for her adherence to the Catholic religion, 37. The causes of the morose severity of the Presbyterian clergy traced, 42. T'he rleaning of that term explained, v. 104, n. Distinctions between Presbyterians and indepenldents, 281. Is established in England, 319. Is suppressed on the reformation of Charles II., vi. 10; and by the act of uniformity, 20. The Presbyterian clergy ejected, 27. Press, liberty of the, its'omnmencement, vi. 372. Preston, battle of, between Cromwell and the Scots under Hamilton and Langdale, v. 364. Pride, Colonel, violently excludes and confines the Presbyterian members of the long parliament, v 368. Procures a petition to be signed by the officers against the office of king, on the offer of that title to Crolnwell, 476. P -iests and Jesuits, a severe law against them, iv. 199. Plimauget, a French admiral, engages Sir Thomas Knlevet off the coast-of Brittany, and is blown up with him, iii. A. Primne minister, reflections on the nature of this office, hitherto unknown il Europe. ii. 155. Prilhlogeniture, the advantages of adhering to, in the succession of princes, ii. 394. Not understood in the earlier ages of the English history, 394. Printing, the art. of, by whom first introduced into England, ii. 486, n. -- the inveption of, one of the causes of the quick progress of thO Page 521 INDEX. 521 reformation, iii. 134. Restrictions- laid on the press by Elizabeth and Janies I., iv. 5J2. Proclamations, royal, declared by parliament to have the force of laws, iii. 23.5. Reflections on this statute, 25.5. Oifences against theieml by whom to be judged, 287.'l'This law repeaied,.39. Those of Queen Elizabeth enforced Ilore rigorously than laws by the star chamber, iv. 453. King Jaraes's plea for the utility and necessity of issuing them, 417. Differ from lavws*417. Prophesying, among the Puritans, explained, iv. 387. King James's sentinments-concerning, 387. Protvctorate, the supreme government altered to this, form, and Oliver Croinweil chosen, v. 444. The outlines of this form of government explained, 444. Peace miade with the l)Dutch, 447. The nation divided into twvelve military jurisdictions, under so many major-generals, 453. See Croomwell, Oliver, and Richard. Protestants, how the German reformers acquired that name, iii. 181. See Reformation. Provisions, reflections on legal restrictions laid on the prices-of, ii. 172.'lThe prices of, in the reign of Edward II., 172. Provisors, the statute of, when first enacted, ii. 271. Enacted anew, ii. 321. Prynne, the principles advanced in his Histrio-Mastyx, v. 76. His severe sentence for it in the star chalmber, 77. A repetition of his cruel usage for another offence, 83. His senitences reversed by the conimons, 137. Putfendorf, the Swedish agent at Paris, informls De Wit of the schemnes of the English Iministry, vi. 85. Puls recommended to orators by Arist~-tle, iv. 521, mm. Puritans, anl account of their obstinate scruples in the infancy of the reformation, iv. 115. Are depressed by Queen Elizabeth, but countenancedby her ministers, 119, 171. The court of ecclesiastical commlissioln iilstituted for the suppression of, 2 11. A severe law passed against recusailts, 28). Petition King Jamles for relief agailist the sevelnties exercised against them, 38-. Con:erence at Hampton Court, 385, 386. Their pretensions, 5 31. Their influence in promloting the dissatisfaction of the first parliamnent of Charles I with him and Buckinghamn, v. 4. Transport themselves to America, until stopped by the kin~t, 84. Ullder countenance of the pailiamnent, begin to attack the professed religion, 143, See Nonconformists. Purveyance, the hardships of, i. 264. Frequently endeavored to be aboIi;.hed by pi:tllitment t in the time or Edward ILI., ii. 263. The nature of Ihat prerogative of the crown expl ilned, iv. 2534. Pariiament'ry attempts to regulate it checked by Queeui Elizabeth, 26 5. Wasi made use of by her to victual her navy, 352. Lord Bacon's speech against, 547. The comniulsus attempt to free the nation frtom the burdein of, 335. An ineffectud.l treaty for the relinquishment of, 419. Puzas, Hugh de, bishop of Darhaml. See Durham. Pyrn, the sub)ject of his speech at the opening of the fourth parliarnent of'Charles I., v. 1t5. His speech aga:nst the earl of Straiford in tile long parlianmelt, 138). Hiis c.;nduct on Stratford's trial, 160. Is appointed chairnman of the committee of the lower house sitting during tile recees, 172. Is impe ached by the king, 22-36. His death, anid the regard pail to him by the parliam ent. 272. Pyrenees, treaty o0, between France and Spain, v. 500. Qnl mk!rs, the origin of that sect, v. 52:-. Whelnce they derived their name, 521.'Their riotous zeal occasions their perieciltin, 521. Their singularitie.;, 522- Their address to Jamles IL. oin hi. acceusion, vi 2u5, it. Queen dowaiger of'France tIkes refugre in the court of' Charles I, v. 147. Is insulted onl account o' her religion, 147. Is requested to depart by the-commlon;, 143. Queens-of Emglald. See each under their respective names. Qo- wua.ratow a-writ of, issued against the city of Louidon, vi. 2: The 44 * Page 522 m2 IND-EX. pleadings in-behalf of the city, 258. Conditions on which the charter was restored, 259. Rains, extraordinary, in the time of Richard III., which defeat the purposes of the duke of Buckingham against him, ii. 501. Rainsborow, Admiral, is put aslbre by his fleet, which declares for the king, v. 358. Raleigh, Walter, goes over to France, a volunteer in the service of the Htugonots, iv. 144. His first expedition to Guiana, 288. 4Publishes a lying account of that country, 288. Goes under Lord Effinghamn in the expedition against Cadiz, 290. Attends Essex in another expedition, and takes Fayal, 293. Falls sick while Essex is in disgrace, on the apprehension of his coming into favor again, 314. His letter to Cecil, on the queen's displeasure, 551. Is discountenanced by King James, 381. Enters into a conspiracy against James, 383. Is sentenced to death, but reprieved, 384. Is grossly abused on trial by Sir Edward Coke, 384. Writes his History of the World, during his long confinement in the Tower, 448. Spreads reports of a gold mine in Guiana, 448. Is released, and obtains permission for his expedition there, 448. His son killed by the Spaniards on landing, 450. Is disappointed in the mine, and plunders St. Thomas, 450. Is carried back prisoner by his men, 451. Is executed, 4.52. A character of his History of the World, 526. His conduct at Guiana inquired into, 562. Ralph de Guader, earl of Norfolk, reason of his conspiring against William the Conqueror, i. 202. Peace concluded between them, 205. Randolf, the Eniglish ambassador in Scatland, his character of the Scots reformers, iv. 41. Is sent by Elizabeth to interpose in favor of the earl of Morton, 179. Forms a party in opposition to the earl of Lenox, 179. Ravaillac assassinates Henry IV. of France, iv. 420. Iavenna, battle of, between the French under Gaston de Foix, and the Spanish and papal armies, iii. 89. Read, an alderman'of London, enrolled by Henry VIII. as a foot soldier, for refusing a benevolence.to him, iii. 292. Reading, a council summoned there, to oppose the tyranny of Longchamp, bishop of Ely, i. 377. Is besieged and taken by the earl of Essex, v. 240. A garrison"established in, by the king, 256. Real presence, why the clergy were so much attached to the doctrine of, in the infancy of the reformation, iii. 351. The point of, debated in convocation, 399. The debate renewed at Oxford, 400. Instance of Queen Elizabeth's attachment to that doctrine, iv. 118, n. Recognition, act of, passed in the most ample terms, by the parliament-in favor of James I., iv. 560. Records, judicial, how preserved among the Saxons, i. 165. Recusants, a severe law enacted against them, iv. 280. Redwald, king of the East Angles, protects young Edwin against Adelfrid, king of Northumberland, i. 32. Defeats and kills Adelfrid, 33. Conspired against, and killed, 33. Reformation, the first commencement of, in Germany, by Martin Luther, iii. 132. His doctrines spread among the Lollards in England, 133. Henrvy VIII. writes against Luther, and receives the title of defender of the faith, from the pope, 133..Luther answers Henry acrimoniously, 133. To what causes the quick progress of, may be ascribed, 133. The pope declared to be Antichrist, and set at defiance by the reformers, 134. How the reformers favored the civil power in their tenets, 135. The first steps towards, in England, 178. Progress of, 188. How far forwarded by the appeal to private judgment, 202. Tindal makes a translation of the Scriptures, 205. A translation prepared by order of convocation, 223. All authority of the bishop of Rome renounced, 231. Articles of faith prepared by the convocation,'232. How far Protestant principles were favored in these articles, stated, 233. Suppression -of religious houses, 220, 241. The law of the six articles passed, 253. Ihe Page 523 INDEX. 523 Bible granted to every family, 258. Hospitals, colleges, and other foun4ations dissolved, and their revenues seized by the king, 274. The chapter lands of Canterbury, York, and London extorted finom those sees, 274.'T'he litany, a part of the public service, allowed to be celeorated in English, 299. The accessionof Edward VI. favorable to, 325. The twelve homilies published, to be read to the people, 328. Penalties on denying the king's supremacy, 339. A new communion service framed, 4341. Liturgy framed.by a committee of bishops and divines, 350. Gardiner, and other bishops, deprived of their bishoprics, 368. The general antipathy at this time to Popery, 369. The liturgy revised, 370. Articles of religion framed, 370. The liturgy authorized by parliament, 375. The Catholic religion restored tby Queen Mary, 392. All Edward's statutes relating to religion repealed, 395. The refbrmers persecuted, 419. See Heresy. Cecil's arguments to induce Queen Elizabeth to restore it, iv. 4. The queen's prudent caution in performing' it, 5. The-newly-erected monasteries suppressed, 8. The queen declared governess of the church, 8. All Edward's statutes concerning religion eonfirmed, 9. A solemn disputation, 9. The mass abolished, 10. The English liturgy restored, 11. The bishops degraded for non-compliance, 11. Progress of, in Scotland, 16. Rise of the association called the Congregation of the Lord, 17. Riot of Protestants at Edinburgh, on the festival of St. Giles, 18. Riots of Knox's congregation at Perth, 20. See Congregation of the Lord. The Catholic religion'suppressed in Scotland, and the Presbyterian discipline established, 29. Struggles in favor of, in France, 31. Cruel insolence of the Scots reformers, to their queen, Mary, 37. Civil wars of France, 52. See Condi; Medicis, Catharine de; Hugonots, etc. A character of the plan of, established in England, 115. Reflections on the conduct of reformers, 146. Cruel severity of the emperor Charles V. towards the Flemish Protestants, 147. The Flemish Protestants revolt, 148. Massacre of the Hugonots at- Paris, 157. The Catholic league formed in France against the Hugonots, 163. A review of Elizabeth's conduct in religious matters, 170. Severe laws passed against Popery, 181. The exercise of the Catholic religion totally suppressed by the strict law against Jesuits and Popish priests, 199. Regicides, trial and execution of, vi. 6, 24. Reginald, sub-prior of Christ Church,'Canterbury, his clandestine election to that see on the death of Hubert, i. 407. Is sent privately to Rome for confirmation,408. His imprudent conduct, 408. Rehearsal, a character of this satirical play, vi. 374. Religious establishuments, the foundation of, iii. 129. houses, the number of, suppressed by Henry VIII., iii. 244. The amount of their revenues, 244. See Monasteries. Relics, the artifices of, exposed on the dissolution of monasteries, iii. 242. Remonstrance, an account of that framed and passed by the commons in the long parliament, v. 192. Reasoning of the people on both sides with regard to it, 193. Is answered by the king, 198. Renaud, a Frenchman, takes the earl of Suffolk prisoner, and is knighted by him,-ii. 394. Representatives to parliament, the first steps towards choosing them for counties, ii. 33. See Commons. Requesens, commendator of Castile, succeeds the duke of Alva in the command of the Low Countries, iv. 166. His character, 166. Undertakes the siege of Leyden, 166. Dies, and his troops mutiny, which ruins the Spanish affairs in the Low Countries, 168. Retainers, the term explained, iii. 70. This. disorder repressed by Henry VII., 70. Story told of Henry, relating to, 71. The practice of, how destroyed, 71. Revenue of the Anglo-Norman kings of England, in what it consisted, i. j60.. Crown lands, 460. Tailliages, 461. Scutage, 461. Danegelt, and moneyage, 462. Escheats, 462. Wardships, 463. Fines, amerciamenta Page 524 6;24 INDEX. and oblates, 464. State of, ordinary and extraordinary, at the time. of l]enry V., ii. 372. Amount of, inll Qlleen Mary's timle, iii. 436. State of, in the reign of- James I., iv. 5.6. State of, in the protectorate of Rich ard Cromwell, v, 525. State of, between the restoratioln and revolution, vi. 366. Reveinues, ecclesiastical, the alienation of, prohibited, iv. 9. fRevolution, in 1688, coumpared with the deposition of Richard II., ii. 314 IReynolds excites an insurrection in No.rthalnptonshire, to destroy enclo sures, iv. 411. Ribaulnont, Eustace de, his encounter with Edward III. at Calais, ii. 234. Yields himself prisoner, and is generously treated, and set at liberty by him, 23.5. Rhe, Isle of, attacked by the duke of Buckingham, v. 29. Rheimns, Charles VII., attended by Joan d'Arc, marches in there, and is crowned, ii. 396. Rhodes, the knights of, choose Henry VII. of England protector of their order, iii. 60. Richard,'second son of Henry II., invested by his father with the duchy of Guienne, and county of Poictou, i. 335. Instigated by his mnother, Eleanor, to revolt against his father, 337. Is reconciled to his father, 346. Refuses homage to his elder brother for his duchy, 351.. The difference compromnised by their father, 351. Becomes entitled to the successionl by his. brother Henry's death, 3.52. Refuses his father's assignment of Guienlne to his brother John, 352.'Resigns it to his mother, Eleanor, 152. Is encouraged to rebel again by Philip of France, 35.5. ExcoLnmunicated by Albano, the pope's legate., 356. Peace concluded with his father, and he- is contracted to Alice, sister of Philip of France, 357. His remorse on seeing his father's.body, 358. His accession, 365. - I. discountenances his former evil ad'isers, and caresses his father's ministers, i. 365. Releases his mother, and nmakes her regent ultil his arrival in England, 365. Prepares for a crusade to the Holy Land, 366. Jews prohibited by an edict friom appearing at his coronation, 366. A massacre of, on that occasion, 367. His etxpedient to raise mioney for the crusade, 368. Sells the vassalage of Scotland, 368, this reply to Fulk, curate of Neuilly, 369. In whose hands he placed the adliiifistration during his absence on the crusade, 369. Meets Philip of France, with his army, at Vezelay, 370. Renews Wis engagemlkents of friendship with Philip,' 370. Emibarks his army' at Marseilles, 370. Is obliged to winter at Messina, 370. His character, and that of Philip, compared, 370. The occasion of his attacking the'Sicilians, and taking ilMessina, 371. His disputes with Philip, 272. Sets aside his colltract with Alice, and proposes to imiarry Berengaria, daughter of Sanchez, king of Navarre, 373. Is attended on his crusade by his bride, and his sister Joan, queen dowager of Sicily, 373. Some of his vessels wrecked and pillaged on the'coast of Cyprus, 373. Conquers and imprisons Isaac, prince of Cyprus, 373. Espouses Berengaria there, 374. Arrives in Palestine, and assists at the siege of Acre, 374. Engages to support the pretensions- of Guy de Lusignian to the kingdomu of Jerusalelm, in opposition to Conrade, marquis -of lMontferrat, 375. Troubles in England'during his absence, 376. Confers the kingdom of Cyprus on Ilsigna-, on condition of his quitting Ilis preten.sions to Jerusalel, 379. Defeats Saladin, 38). Is obliged to abandon the intention of besieging Jerusalem, 38). Concludes a trulce with Sala.din fr three years, three mo1uthsi three weeks, thr'ee days, and three hours, 389. lis coruel tre, - mnient of his prisoners, 381. Ls arrested, on his return, by Leop,lld. dtae of Austria, 381. Is delivered up to the einperor, lieN \V I., vwho imnprisons him in irons, 382. Is carried to, anld accused before, the diet;t Worims, 384. His. spirited reply,' 384. Ransoms himlself, 385. His rausom, how levied according to the feudil: sy$temh,' 386 QObti&,. his Page 525 1NDEX. 525 liberty, and escapes e second arrest by the emperor, 386. Is -again crowed at. WVinchester.:387. Goes over to Normanlald to revengre himnself on Philip's perfidyl, 337. I)efeats Philip at Fretteval, 388. Concludes a truce \with him. 388. His t)rother Jf,)hi subinits. to him, -388. Ma;kes peace Wvth Phil p at Loiviers, which is qiickly br)ken, 38.) Takes the bish')!p of Beyanlss i piso er, and sellds has 0o1t mof ]ail to the pope 38). - Con1ltdle- a triace with Ph;l p for fi\e years, 3'39. Is woIIndled inl bes. ec ncg V- dom u', co-unt of Limo es,.39'). he gallant repls itf (;,irdoii, the archer, who shot hum, 3.). I is semlsilnlirs of th ret;.rt.:t1:) Die.s. 3)S His cha.ractei, 39). Ieflcctions on lis reign, 391.- Miscellanleous a iiirs,:31. Richard -I., his acce-ssinll, ii. 273 Stlte of parties at that juncture, 279. Form of governmenit t settled bh par-liilmlent during his nlinmorit),'80). Council;pi)oinlted, 28). The addui:lstration, how cm)ducted, 281. tis einarriasstOents at his accession, 281. WVar with France, 282. Popular insurreetimlos, T24 Has a conference with wVat TSler,'t28. HIis prt-o deilt behavior at theideath of Tyler, 238. Reilectionis on this aft lir, 286. Heads the annry aainst the Scots, 287. Bairns' Edinburrgh, Perth, and Dundee, 287. Returns to England preinaturely, 237. His atttlchnlent to Rohert de Vere, earl of Oxtord, 288 Awed by his parlihameit, 2!). DepiivPd ot his reagI pweer tby a cotnicil of fourteen, atlpoilitedl bl his uncle Gloucester, 2.)1, Fails in the enldeavor to influence the election of the house of conummons, 2)2. Coiistlts the jiudges on the va!idtv of his commnission to the council of four teen. 292.'heir opinion, 292. Violent proceedingrs against his ministry by the. duike of Glotcester, 2)94. His and his q ieeii Alnne, their -iniefe:tol l concern at the execution of Sir Simnon Burley, 295, Exerts himself, and removes Archbishop Fitz-Alan from his )ffice of chtlncellor, 21)6. Removes Gloucester aiid -Warwick from the council. 29,0. Truce with France, and niarriagm e of Richard and Isalella of France, 2)8. Seizes the charter of I ondol, and the character of his tdministrlation, 2)8. Decla?-es!M-ortimner successor, 3)'..Hrries Gle orce.-ter over ts Cala s, aild ases his faction, 3)1. Proceed-ings againl-;t his parts,.3!)2. - Pr-,ulres Gloucester to be inurdleed at Cdlais, 3)3. Cre:-tion of peers, 303. Removes the parliillent t to Shrewsbinry, 304. Their.rrlnts to him 3)4. Prev-ents the duel between the dukes of'Herefo.d anrd Norfolk, and banishes themi, 3 6. Op oses the sou cession of Hemef'ordc to the dltkedcmi of Lancaster, 3 )7. Eilh:lrks for Irel ind, 308. Leaves the altke of Yorl giuardianll f the reatnm, o')8. itetumr's to oppose the i svtsiorn of the dklte of Lalicister, 309. Seized bv the cluke'of Niirth miheiti(rl: d. aind onfi'ned in Fllilt Castle. 3:19. HI-emls oif Ic Is titon Itcell rreCd tr: inl-: t hill ii Icarlioan it 3'1). Co op - is-n hbetweenl thi-; cr;lod,f hi tinv atld.. the iresxoliiti -n in 1688, 3Lti. Deposed t!y parilitleuent,:314.'Mllr-erc.dql in Po iiFr t Catstle, 3106. flis character. 316. Compalrison bietwveen, and Eddward III., 317. Mismclla.neous transactions dinming this reign, 318. Comparison between his situation and that of Charles VI. of France, 3i50. III., the first acts of his addniinistration, ii. 496. Appoints the duke of BIuckinaham constable, 497. Reflectioirs on his seizure of the crown, 497. Proctures Buckingham's execuition, for rehelling agaiinst him a 52f )htltlis -a pllrliime(-t;: irv slanetio of his soveieignt, 5;)2..7til' eI t: ) u,i,,n hi- i e e-kn t} mLakeo roon'; h- m arl'ic-te w ith ih! i:hi.'s- Fti ethi it -iY Pre):i-ires to o~pp'-.e thr, ii]v:silin 0 tie carl] e' c.i. ) iii - no).l,5 1 liii?.m nqlu,(i-cc- of liis {I VI ))aty 50!)5. 3Battle of t13-)o-,,rt}c.5 i5. Killed. 5 od )6 c.lic hr:e-ter, m ri. tUicenm:)unt. Arthuir, Cioiiiit cd, t.iken i pisiouer -t the hattle of Azincour, ii. 358. Releiised on his t}arile, 377. 1svades his pasirde,n the deiath o0 Henrr V., 377. Oitaiins the dlike of B13itrccundy's-.Sister hs -the regent's interest. 3c77. LEnacge-d in the EiTlish interest, 377. Atteris tle con gress at Arias, 4 63. Richelieu, Cardinal, prime minister of France, his character, v 26. Rivals Page 526 626 INDEx. the duke of Buckingham in his addresses to the queen of France, 2& Throws a mole across the harbor of Rochelle, to complete the blockade, 50. Supplies the Covenanters in Scotland with money, 106. The con. elusion of his administration, and death, 456. Richmond, Henry, earl of, carried into Brittany by the earl of Pembroke, on-the establishment of the York family in Edward IV., ii. 472. His pedigree, 498. Measures taken for his safe custody by Edward, 499 Edward disappointed in a scheme for getting him. into his power, 499 Overtures for his marriage with the princess Elizabeth, 500. Makes an unsuccessful attempt for a descent on England, 501. His party exhort him to- another speedy attempt, 504. Lands at Milford Haven, 504. Battle of Bosworth, 505. Richard III. killed, 506. See Henry VII.,duke of, natural son of Henry VIII., made lord lieutenant of Ireland, iii. 399. Ridley, bishop of London, pleads with Edward VI. in behalf of the princess Mary, iii. 370. Is imprisoned on the accession of Queen Mary, 392. Is sent, under a strong guard, to Oxford, to debate on transubstantiation, 400. Is burnt for heresy, together with Bishop Latimer, 422. Right. See Petition of Right. Rinuccini is, by the pope, sent nuncio to the Irish Catholics, v. 391. Excites the Irish to break the pacification concluded with Ormond, 391. Is driven out of Ireland, 392. Riots, a severe statute passed against, iii. 364. Rippon, treaty of, between Charles I. and the Scots Covenanters, v. 123. Is adjourned to London, 125. Rivers, earl of, uncle to Edward V., intrusted with the care of his person. ii. 485. Hijs character, 486. The first who introduced the art of printing into England, 486, n. Arrested by the duke of Gloucester, while conducting the young king to London, 487. Murdered in Pomfret Castle, 489. Rizzio, David, some account of his introduction to the court of Mary, queen of Scotland, iv. 72. His promotion and character, 73. Excites the jealousy of Darnley, the queen's husband, 73. Incurs the hatred of the Protestants, 74. A conspiracy formed against him by the chancellor Morton, 74. Is assassinated in the queen's presence, 75. Robbery, instances of the general practice of, at the time of Henry III., ii. 66. Robert III., king of Scotland, his character, ii. 336. His son taken prisoner by Henry IV. of England, 337. Dies of grief, 337. eldest son of William the Conqueror, his character, i. 209, 221. -Revolts against his father, 211. Extraordina-ry rencounter between him and his father, 211. Reconciled to him, 212. Returns to England, and repulses the Scots, 212. Succeeds to the duchy of Normandy, 221. Mortgages his dominions to his brother, and enters th6e crusade, 231. His reputation on the crusade, 241. Hlow he lost the kingdom of England, 241. Returns, and invades England, 247. Enters into an accommodation with his brother Henry I., 248. Distressed by his remissness, 249. Rocheford, Lord, brother to Queen Anne Boleyn, is accused by his wife of intimacy with his sister, iii. 224. Is confined by the king's order, 225. Is tried, together with the queen, 226. Is condemned, 227., viscountess of. calumniates Queen Anne Boleyn to Henry VIII., iii. 224. Conducts the secret amours of Queen Catharine Howard, 273. Is beheaded, together with the queen, 274. Rochelle, Per-eaington ordered to assist in the reduction of, deserts, and sails back to England, v: 8. A squadron sent by the Dutch against, 9. Buckingham brings a fleet and forces to assist the town, and is ignorantly refused admittance, 29. The blockade effected by throwing a mole across the harbor, 50. Is forced to surrender at discretion, 50. Page 527 iNDEX. 527 Rochester, the castle of, taken from the barons by King John, and the common men of the garrison hanged, i. 435. *-, earl of, a character of his poems, vi. 375. Rockingham, a synod summoned there by William Rufus, to depose Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, i. 234. Rocroy, defeat of the Spaniards there, by the prince of Cond6, v. 458. Rodolphi, a Florentine merchant in London, is employed by the pope to negotiate with the Catholics-in England, iv. 150. Is engaged by the Spanish ambassador to disturb the government in favor of Mary, queen of Scots, 150. The duke of Norfolk enters into his scheme, 151. Goes to Rome to mature his'design, 151. PRoger, earl of Hereford, cause of his conspiring against William the Conqueror, i. 202. His estate forfeited, and himself confined for life, 205. -, archbishop of York, crowns Prince HHenry, when associated with his father, Henry II., i. 318. Suspended at Becket's instigation, 319. Complains to the king, and the consequences of this complaint, 321. Circumstances of a quarrel between himi and Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, 363. Rogers, prebendary of St. Paul's, burnt for heresy, iii. 420. Rollo the Dane, his history, i. 105. Makes inroads into France, 106. Set. ties in Neustria, and marries the daughter of Charles the Simple, 107. His prudent government, 108. See Normandy. Romans, their first arrival in Britain, i. 4. Subdue it all except Caledonia, 7. Abandon it, 9. Refuse assistance to the Britons, 10. ~ Rome,-refiections on the policy of the court of, i. 255. The venal principles of the court of, in the reign of Henry III., ii. 21. Church of, when at the summit of its power, 67. A character of the decretals of Pope Gregory IX., 68. Remarks on the new'orders instituted by, 68. Our literary obligations to the-ancient clergy of, 507. The bad principles on which the church of, is founded, iii 129. Its encroachments on civil authority, 130. Favorable, however, to the restoration of the arts, 130. Consequence of the sale of indulgences by Pope Leo X., 132. See Luther, and Reformation. Its authority renounced by the English convocation and parliament, 196. Reflections on this event, 198. See Reformation.. City of, taken and sacked by the imperial troops, 158. Rood of Grace, a miraculous crucifix, the artifice of, exposed at Paul's Cross, by Hilsey, bishop of Rochester, iii. 243. Roper, Sir Anthony, is fined, by the star chamber, for converting arable land to pasture, v. 80. Rose, red and white, party distinctions -of the houses of Lancaster and York, ii. 445. Remarks on the confused history of the wars between, 458. Rosewel, a Presbyterian preacher, his prosecution for treasonable words, vi. 274. Rosni, marquis of, minister to Henry IV. of France, comes over to Dover, to confer with Queen Elizabeth, iv. 331. Discovers Elizabeth to have entertained the same views with Henry, of establishing a new system of policy in Europe, 331. Is sent ambassador from Henry IV. of France to King James, on his accession, 381. Proposes to James a league against the house of Austria, 382. Concludes a treaty with James, for the sup. port of the United Provinces, 382. Rouen, besieged and taken by Philip of France, i. 405. The king of Navarre mortally wounded at the siege of, iv. 54. Is taken by MIontmorency, and the garrison put to the sword, 54. Roundheads, the appellation of, when and to whom given, v. 203. Roundway Down, battle of, between Lord Wilmot and Sir William Wallet v. 246. Routiers. See Brabanqons. Roxborough, James II. of Scotland killed at the siege of, ii. 448. Royal Society, the first institution of, vi. 373. Page 528 528 INDEX. Rufus. See VWilliam Rufus. Rumip pailiament, the restoration of the long one so termed. See Parlia ment. hIunnellnde, the Great Charter of English liberties signed there by King John, i. 42'39. he principal heads of this chartle, 42J. Reminarks upon it, 431 See COarter. Rupert, Prince,.oli of the elector palitine. offers his service to Charles I. and comnniands a hody of horse for hin, v. 235. Defeats a party of Essex's army at WVm'rcester, 235. Defeats the left wing of Es-ex's arlniy at Edge-hill, 236. Surprises Essex, and carries off booty and prisoners, 246. Is sent westward to join the Cornish troops, 248. Takes Bristol, 218. Obliges the parliamentary forces to retire fromn Newark, 273. Marches to the. relief of York, 275. Engages rashly i n the battle of Mlarston Moor, where he is defeated, 275. Urges the battle of Naseby, 310. Retires to Bristol, 313. Capitulates, is dismlissed by the king, and leaves England, 314. Commands the squadron which deserted to Charles 11., and is harassed by Admiral Blake, 423.'Takes refuge in Fran-ce, 423. Connmands utinder the duke of' York against the Dutch, vi. 40. Joins Albemarle during his engagement with Tromp and De lRuyter, 47. Obtains the command of the English fleet, 118. Enrgages the Dutch on their own coast, 118. Another action, 119. Another at the mouth of the Texel, 120. Is appointed one of the privy council, 200, In. His death, 277, n. -Was the inventor of etching, 370. Russel, Lord, suppresses an insurrection in Devonshire, excited to oppose the reformation, iii. 357. Is created earl of Bedford, 364. See Bedford., Lord, privately favors the French intrigues, but refuses to accept any present from that court, vi. 156, ns. Is made one of the privy council to -Charles II., 230, mn. Resigns, 217. His character, 217. Enters into the duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, 261. Is sent to the Tower, 265.'ried, 266. Is condemned, 268. Is executed, 273. Ruthven, Lord, assists with others in assassinating David Rizzio, iv. 74. — A, governor of Plymouth for the parliament, is defeated by the royalists on Bradoc Down, v. 244. Rutland, earl of, created duke of Albemarle by Richard II., ii. 303. Degraded, 316. Conspires against Henry IV., and betrays his associates, 327. Summnary view of his treacherous behavior, 328. Killed at the battle of Azincour, being then duke of York, 358. Ruyter. See De Ruyter. Rye-house plot, history of, vi. 263..Sa, Don Pantaleon, brother to the Portuguese ambassador, hanged by Cromwell for assassination, v. 448. Sadler, Sir Ralph, ambassador from Henry VIII. to the court of Scotland, concludes a treaty of marriage between Prince Edward and Mary, the infant queen of Scotland, iii. 283.'His retinue insulted, at the instigation of Cardinal Beaton, 284. His demand of the stipulated hostages evaded by Arran, the regent, 284. Orders the Scots prisoners on parole to return to England, 284. Is made counsellor to the regency of Edward VI., 320. Assists in restoring the advantage to the English, at the battle of Pinkey, 337..Is appointed one of the commissioners for determining the cause between Mary, queen of Scots, and Murray, the regent, iv. 103. Safety, committee of, elected, v. 498. General Monk's artful behavior to, 50 ). Saladin, king of Egypt, his character, i. 353. Recovers Palestine from the crus:iders, 353. Acre taken from him by the Christians, 375. Is defeated by the Christians under Richard I. of England, 380. Concludes a truce with Richard, 380. Review of his conduct in this war, 380. Dies, 381. Instance of his philosophy, 381. Salic law of succession to the crown of France, the foundation of, traceL. ii. 192. Attempted to be introduced into the English government' Page 529 IND=E 529 Henry IV., 340. Revoked at the instance of the house of commons, 340. Salisbury, an insurrection of royalists there, under the protectorate, who proclaim Charles II., v. 453. ~- ~ —, earl of, natural brother to King John, commands the English fleet against Philip of France, and destroys his ships in their harbor, i. 421. -- -, countess of, mistress to Edward III., the dropping of her garter supposed to be the occasion of instituting the order of the garter, ii. 336. - -, earl of, besieges Orleans, ii. 385. Killed before the town, 386. --, earl, instance of generalship in, at the battle of Blore Heath, ii. 435. Taken by Queen Margaret, at the -battle of Wakefield, and beheaded, 440. --—, countess of, mother of Cardinal Pole, is attainted and condemned by- parliament, but reprieved, iii. 257. Executed, 268. whh —-, Secretary Cecil created earl of, by James I., iv. 381. Causes which procured his promotion, 381. Communicates to the king the hints he received of the gunpowder plot, 403. Is made treasurer, 412. Expostulates with the parliament on the king's necessities, 412. Invents the title of baronet, to supply James with money by the sale of it, 432. Sallee is destroyed by an English fleet, v. 83. Sanchez, king of Navarre, instance of his confidence in the justice.of Henry II. of England, i. 361. His daughter Berengaria married to Richard I., 373. Sandilands, Sir James, is sent from the parliament to Queen Mary in France, to obtain a ratification of their proceedings in reforming religion, iv. 30. Sandwich, earl of, fails in attempting to seize the Dutch East India fleet, in the Danish harbors, vi. 43. Is killed at the battle of Solebay, 103. Sanquhir, Lord, executed ftr assassination, iv. 424. Santa Croce, marquis of, is appointed to command the Spanish armada, iv. 254. Dies, 259. Santa Cruz, a Spanish fleet burnt in the harbor of, by Admiral Blake, v. 463. Savile, Sir John, a zealous commoner against the court, is promoted and ennobled by King James I., iv. 466. Savoy, a conference there, between twelve bishops and twelve Presbyterian ministers, vi. 16. Savoy, Philibert, duke of. See Philibert. Sautr6, William, rector of St. Osithes, the first person butnt in England for heresy, ii. 329. Saxons, national character of, i. 13. Artive in Britain, under Hengist and Horsa, 14. Subdue Britain, and settle there, 16. Their conquests in Britain very ruinous to the country, 21. Throw' back all the British improvements into ancient barbarity, 21. After subduing the Britons, war against each other, 21. Difficulty of continuing their history, and why, 21. Brief view of their idolatrous religion, 23. - Made but slow improvement in arts in England, 46. Their bigotry and superstition. 47, 48. Their gradual ecclesiastical subjection to the see of Rome, traced, 48. Their theological disputes, 49. Reduced to despair by the ravages of the Danes, 61. Admit the Danes to settle with them, after defeating them, 64. Their monks characterized, 84. Their affected austerities, 84. Opposed by the secular clergy, 87.. Review of the Saxon government in England, 152. The succession of their princes, how regulated, 153. Account of their wittenagemot, or national council, 154. Earl and alderman, synonymous appellations among, 478. Their government aristocratical, towards the time of the Norman conquest, 157. State of popular liberty among, 160. Several orders of men among, 162. Their tourts of jus' ice, IN4. State of legislation among, 165. UTeir criminal VOL. VI. 45 H Page 530 538 law, 166. Their military force, 174. Public revenues, 174. Value fI money among, 174. Their manners inquired into, 177. Finally subddr4 by NWilliam, duke of Normandy, 150, 178. See Harold, and William. Their laws, compared with the civil law, ii. 510. Saxony, Maurice, elector of. See Maurice. Scandal and reproach, instances of the severe punishment of, by the court of star chamber, v. 80. scone, the famous stone there, on which the kings of Scotland were anointed, carried to London by Edward I., ii. 109. Robert Brace crowned there, 135. Edward Baliol crowned there, 189. Charles II. crowned there, v. 414. ~&otland, and Scots: the Scots and Picts invade Britain, i. 10. King Con - stantine defeated by Athelstan, king of England, 80, 81. King Duncan killed by Macbeth, 130. Macbeth killed, and Malcolm -restored, 130. King William, taken prisoner by Henry II., does homage, with all his nobility, for his ransom, 346. The vassalage of, sold by Richard I., to raise money for his crusade, 368. Remarks on the ancient history of, ii. 80. Alexander III., king of, marries the sister of Edward I., 80. Dies, 80. Is succeeded by Margaret of Norway, 80. Guardians appointed durin her infancy, 80. A treaty of marriage negotiated between her and Prince Edward of England, 81.. She dies on her passage to Scotland, 82. Competitors for the crown of, 82, 88. Their claims referred to the decision of Edward I. of England,'83. An inquiry into the nature of the homage done by the kings of, to those of England, 84. The parliament of, and the competitors for the crown, attend the summons of Edward to Norham, south of the Tweed, 86. Edward asserts his right to dispose of the crown, as liege of the kingdom, 86. The fortresses in, delivered up to Edward, 89. The barons and prelates swear fealty to him, 89. Edward decides in favor of John Baliol's right to the crown, 90. Baliol swears fealty to Edward, and is put in possession of the kingdom, 90. The Scots, and their new king, provoked at Edward's acts of usurpation over them, 91. Assign a council to carry on the administration, and assemble an army to oppose the forces of Edward, 107. Berwick taken by Edward, and the garrison put to the sword, 108. The Scots defeated by Earl Warrenne, and the Castle of Dunbar surrendered to Edward, 108. Roxborough taken, 108. Edinburgh, and the whole country, subdued, 108. Baliol swears fealty to him, 108. Baliol carried prisoner *to London, and committed to the Tower, 109. Earl Warrenne left governor of, 109. The Scots abandoned by Philip of France, in consequence of his treaty with Edward, 121. WVarrenne, returning to England, leaves the administration in the hands of Ormesby and Cressingham, 121. Their oppressions of the Scots, 121. The Scots rise against the English, under William Wallace, 122. Gain a victory over Warrenne, 124. Wallace made regent, 124. The regencyj given to the steward, and Cumming of Badenoch, on Wallace's resignation, 125. The Scots army defeated by Edward at Falkirk, 126. Apply to France for succor, but are refused, 128. Engage Pope Boniface in their interest, 128. John de Segrive left guardian of, by Edward, who is defeated by the Scots, 129. Is again subdued by Edward, 130. Young Robert Bruce arrives in Scotland, and spirits up the nobility to a revolt, 133, 134. Bruce is crowned at Scone, 135. tHe reduces the English in Scotland, and is acknowledged by the whole country, 151. - Bruce defeats Edward at Bannockburn, 153. The independency of, established by this victory, 154. He invades England on the death of Edward II., 179. The nature of the war made by the Scots, and their army, described,- 179. Death of Robert Bruce, and accession of his son David, 186. State of, a.t this period, 187. The earl of Marre appointed regent on the death of Murray, 187. Marre defeated and slain by Edward Baliol, 188. SHe is crowned at Scone, 189. Is routed by Sir Archibald Douglas, and flies to England, 189. Douglas defeated by Edward III. of England, and Edward Baliol restored, 190. Page 531 INDEX. 531 He is acknowledged no longer than protected by the presence of the Eniglish forces, 191. King David defeated and taken prisoner by Queen Philippa, 231. Is ransomed, 247. An express inquiry into thb nature of the homage paid by the kings of, to' those of England, 515. The Scots obtain assistance from France to invade England, and their condlc in these incursions, 287. Disoblige their allies, who return home, 287. Invade England again, but are worsted, 331. Battle of Homeldon, 331. Prince James taken prisoner by Henry IV., and educated in England, 337. Carried to France by Henry V., 367. The Scots army in France refuse to obey their young king while.in captivity, 367. James I. restored, 378. Murdered, 378. Affairs of, during the reign of Henry VI. and beginning of Edward IV., 447. State of, in the time of Henry VII., iii. 20. James IV. receives and assists Perkin Warbec, 49. Marries Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry, 61. The Scots routed at the battle of Flouden, and James killed, 101. His queen, Margaret, marries Douglas, earl of Angus, 109. The duke of Albany called over to the regency, 110. The state of, as it appeared to Albany on his arrival, 110. Confusions in, on Albany's going over to France, 112. Reasons in favor of alliances with France or England contrasted, 139. Extraordinary case of Patrick Hamilton, burnt for heresy, 268. Friar Forrest burnt, 269. The reformation spreads in, 270. Henry declares war against, 279. Sir Robert Bowes defeated by the lords Hume and Huntley, 280. Battle of Solway, 281. Death of James V., 281. The infant Queen Mary contracted to Prince Edward of England, 283. Invaded by Henry VIII., and Edinburgh burnt, 292. The English defeated at Ancram, 295. Is included in the peace of Campe, between Henry and Francis, 299. "History of Wishart, the reformer, 331. Cardinal Beaton assassinated, 333. Its misfortunes at this time, owing to a succession of minorities, 333. T'he duke of Somerset prepares to prosecute the war with, 334. His manifesto, 334. The Scots prepare to repel Somerset, 335. Battle of Pinkey, 336. The young Queen Mary sent to France, 343. The earl of Arran resigns the regency to the queen dowager, 441. The young queen Mary married to the dauphin, 442.. English reformers protected there from the persecutions of Queen Mary, iv. 16. Account of the association called the Congregation of the Lord, 17. See Congregation, and Guise, Mary of. Treaty of Edinburgh, 28. Settlement of the administration during the queen's absence by this treaty, 28. The Catholic religion suppressed, and the Presbyterian discipline established, by parliament, 29. Queen Mary arrives, on the death of her husband, 34. The queen-exposed to insults for her adherence to the Catholic religion, 36. The poverty of the reformed clergy there, 41. The ecclesiastical.benefices, how assigned by the privy council, 42. Mary married to the lord Darnley, 68. A confederacy formed against Mary at Stirling, which is encouraged by Elizabeth, 69. The rebels driven into England, 70. Mur der of Darnley, 82. Mary married to Bothwell, 88. Reflections of the people on these events, 88. Mary imprisoned in Lochlevin Castle, 92. Mary forced to resign the crown, and her son James VI. crowned, 95. Arrival of Murray, the regent, 95. The settlement of the crown and administration confirmed by parliament, 96. Battle of Langside, 98. Mary flies to England, 98. Her cause examined before English commissioners, 103, 110. Murray, the regent, assassinated, 129. The earl of Lenox appointed regent, 129. He is put to death by MIurray's party, and the earl of Marre chosen, 155. Morton made regent on the death' of Marre, 155. Discontents and factions against Morton, 177. Moiton tried and executed, 179. A conspiracy.of nobles formed, who seize the young King James, 190. James escapes from them, 195. Earl of Arran degraded, 197. A defensive alliance entered into between James and Elizabeth, 214. Queen Mary sentenced to death by English commissioners, 229. And executed, 244. The hostile laws between, and England, abolished, 409. The natural consequences of their king Page 532 532 INDEX. succeeding to the crown of England, 440. View of the state of religlon there, 441. James obtains the jurisdiction of bishops to be acknowledged, 442. The establishment of Episcopal authority and ceremonies opposed, 442. The nature 6f the excommunication pronounced by the ecclesiastical courts in, 444. Behavior of Black, minister of St. Andrews, 444. Seditious principles of the clergy there, 445. Some of the refractory ministers punished on his accession to the crown of England, 445. The general assembly submit to regal and Episcopal authority, 445. A court of high commission erected, 445. Altercations between James and the clergy, 446. Consequences of the influence of the nobility, and the absence of the king, v. 94. Discontents of the inferior clergy there, 95. Introdiuction of the canons and liturgy, 97. A tumult at Edinburgh on occasion of the liturgy, 99. The covenant established, 101. Episcopacy abolished by the general assembly, 105. The Covenanters assisted by Cardinal Richelieu, 105. The. Covenanters raise forces, and secure the whole country, 106. Their zeal inflamed by Michelson, the prophetess, 107. Charles marches with a force to Berwick, 108. A pacification concluded with the Covenanters, 110. A letter from the malecontents to the king of France intercepted, 113. Another armament sent against them, 122. The Scots army rout Lord Conway at Newburn, 122. They take possession of Newcastle, 122. Treaty of Rippon, 123. Are attacked by Strafford, 124. The army disbanded by the English house of commons, 172. The lords of articles abolished, on the arrival of Charles, 174. Reflections and views of the Covenanters, on the breaking out of the civil war in England, 259. Send comm'ssioners to the king, at Oxford, to offer a mediation, 260. Summon, by their own authority, a convention of states, 261. The solemn league and covenant framed with the English commissioners, 261. Raise an4 army to assist the English parliament, 263. The king puts himself into the hands of the Scots army before Newark, 323. Deliver up the king to the parliament for the payment of the arrears of the army, 327. Their commissioners affronted by the independent faction in the long parliament, 356. Their commissioners concert a treaty with the king, for arming in his favor, 356. Parties distinguished there at this time, 356. The royalists defeated by Cromwell, 364. Charles II. proclaimed after his father's execution, 389. Commissioners sent to Breda, to propose terms to Charles, 400. Cruel and insulting treatment and execution of Montrose, 403. Treatment of Charles on his landing, 407. Numbers burnt for witchcraft, 409. Battle of Dunbar, 412. Charles crowned at Scone, 414. Charles marches into England, 416. Is routed by Cromwell at Worcester, 417. Stirling Castle reduced by Monk, and the records of the kingdom sent to London, 425. Dundee and other towns taken, 425. The kingdom submits to the commonwealth, 425. The civil administration of, under the protectorate of Oliver Cromwell, 470. The forts raised and troops disbanded by Charles II. on his restoration, vi. 13. A parliament, 13. Prelacy tacitly restored, 13. Sharp made archbishop of St. Andrews, 14. Trial and execution of Argyle and others, 14. Lord Lorne condemned, but pardoned by the king, 67. Proceedings of parliament, 67. Arbitrary imposition of fines under the act of indemnity, 68. Disorders occasioned by the reestablishment of Episcopacy, 69. And by violent measures to suppress conventicles, 70. Insurrection and renewal of the covenant, 71. The insurgents routed by Dalziel, 71. Cruel execution of the Covenanters, 71. The attempts to reconcile the people to Episcopacy without effect, 161. A parliament, 162. Severe law against conventicles, 163. The arbitrary administration of Lauderdale, 164..Case of Mitchel, 165. Archbishop Sharp murdered, 209. A parliament held by the duke of York, 250. Condemnation of the earl of Argyle, 251. Cruel persecution of the Covenanters, 253. Two women drowned for not abjuring the declaration, 254. A declaratioun f indulgence published by James II., 317. Revolts against Page 533 INDEX. 533 James, on the coming over with the prince of Orange, 348. The convention summoned by the prince makes a tender of the crown to him and his princess; 355. Scriptures, a translation of, made by Tindal, the reformer, iii. 205. See Bible. Scutage, an explanation of that term, and on what occasions levied by the Anglo-Norman kings, i. 461. None levied by Edward I., ii. 140. Sea fights. See under the names of the respective commanders. Secretaries of state, a list of those during the reign of James I., iv. 495. During that of Charles I., v. 384. Sedgemoor, battle of, between the duke of Monmouth and the earl of Feversham, vi. 295. Sedley, Mrs., her influence over James II., vi. 288. Segrave, John de, appointed guardian of Scotland by Edward I., ii. 129. Is defeated by the Scots, 130. Self-denying ordinance passed by the long parliament, v. 287. Seneffe, battle of, between the prince of Orange and the prince of Cond6, vi. 131. Severus, Emperor, completes Adrian's rampart, i. 8. This rampart erected of stone, 10. Seymour, Lady Jane, maid of honor to Queen Anne Boleyn, attracts the notice of Henry VIII., iii. 224. Is married to the king the next day after Anne Boleyn's execution, 229. Is brought to bed of a son, (after wards Edward VI.,) and dies, 239. --, Sir Edward, brother to Queen Jane, made earl of Hertford, iii. 240. Commands the forces of Henry VIII. in an invasion of Scotland, and burns Edinburgh, 292. Is sent with forces over to Calais, 298. Is appointed one of the regency during the minority of Edward VI., 320. Is chosen protector by the regency, 321. Is created duke of Somerset, 322. See Somerset. -, Lord, second son of the protector Somerset, commands a squadron stationed at Dunkirk, to prevent the duke of Parma from joining the Spanish armada, iv. 256. -, Sir Francis, his speech at the opening of the third parliament of Charles I., v. 33. - f, Sir Thomas, is nominated one of the council to the regency, during the minority of Edward VI., iii. 320. Is created Lord Seymour, and high admiral, 322. His character, 345. Marries the queen dowager, 345.'Cabals against his brother, the protector, during his absence in Scotland, 345. Forms a party in parliament against the protector, 346. Is intimidated, and desires a reconciliation with his brother, 346. Addresses the lady Elizabeth after the queen dowager's death, 346. Is committed to the Tower, 348. Is examined by the council, 348. Is attainted by parliament, 349. Is executed, 349. Sforza, Francis, obtains the investiture of Milan, iii. 1'%0. See Milan. Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, earl of,'his hint' f shutting up the exchequer carried to the king by Sir Thomas Clifford, vi. 95. Is made chancellor, 96. His speech to parliament on the Dutch war, 114. Issues writs for supplying vacant seats in parliament, 115. Deserts the court, and joins the country party, 117. Is dismissed from being chancellor, 122. Is sent to the Towver for disputing the legality of the parliament after a twelvemonth's prorogation, 144. Flatters the duke of Monmouth with hopes of the succession, 196. Is made president of the council, 201. Is removed by the king, 217. Presents the duke of York, as a Popish recusant, to the grand jury of Middlesex, 220. Is accused of treason, but acquitted, 248. Instigates the duke of Monmouth's con spiracy, 261 Retires to Holland, and dies, 262. His character, 262. Shakspeare, scarcely any mention of civil liberty to be found in his his torical plays, iv. 358, n. A character'of his dramatic writings, 523. Corn pared with Jonson, 623. 45* Page 534 534 INDEX. Sharp, a Scots Presbyterian commissioner, abandons their cause, and is made archbishop of St. Andrews, vi. 14. His cruelty towards the Covenanters, 71. Is shot at by Mitchel, 165. Is murdered; 209.,Dr., is suspended by the court of high commission, in the reign of James II., for preaching against Popery, vi. 315. Shaw, Dr., procured by the duke of Gloucester to declare his brothet Edward illegitimate, in a sermon at St. Paul's, ii. 492. Ill success of this scheme, 493. Sheep, the number of, restricted by statute, iii. 317. Sir Thomas More's censure of the excessive breeding of, 3-55. Sherfield, -recorder of Salisbury, is prosecuted in the star chamber for breaking a painted church window, v. 70. Sheriffs, the primitive nature of their office, ii. 99. Ship money, first levied in England, i. 110. Imposed on occasion of the Spanish invasion, iv. 351. First levied by Charles I., v. 21. Is extended over the whole kingdom, 79. Trial of John Hambden, for refusing to pay it, 88. The sheriffs voted delinquents for assessing it, by the commons, 133. Is declared illegal, 139. Shipping, state of, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 274. Cause of its decay at that time, 274. See Navy. Shirley, Dr., and Fag, a member of the house of commons, great-disputes between the two houses, occasioned by, vi. 135. Shore, Jane, accused by the duke of Gloucester in council, ii. 490. Remarks on the accounts given of her, 526. Her history, 491. Shrewsbury, battle of, between Henry IV. and young Piercy, ii. 333. countess of, her scandalous reports of Queen Elizabeth, com municated to Elizabeth by Mary, queen of Scots, iv. 538. t —he cae, earl of, is added to the privy council for the consideration of the case of Mary, queen of Scots, iv. 110. Mary committed to his cuistody at Tutbury, 112. She is removed from his care on account of his indulgence to her, 198. Is appointed to attend on her execution, 238. ~- ), earl of, renounces the Catholic religion, and joins the prince of Orange, vi. 336. Sicily, transactions of Richard I. of England, and Philip of France, during their wintering there, on their way to the crusade, i. 371. The pope's contests with the emperor Frederic, concerning, ii. 23. Is offered by the pope to Richard, earl of Cornwall, who refuses it, 23. Is accepted by Henry III., for his second son, Bdmond, 23. The heavy deb.t incurred by Henry in asserting this grant, 23. A crusade published against, by the pope, 24. Sidney, Algernon, secretly negotiates with France, and receives bribes and presents from that court, vi. 157, is. Enters into the duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, 263. Review of his life and character, 271. Is tried, 271. His defence, 271. Is executed, 272. -, Sir Henry, lord deputy of Ireland, reduces Shan O'Neale, iv. 304. His vigilant administration, 305. -, Sir Philip, writes to Queen Elizabeth to dissuade her from marrying the duke of Anjou, iv. 188. Is made governor of Flushing, 210. His death and character, 212. Sigebert, king of East Anglia, restores Christianity in his kingdom, and said to found the university of Cambridge; i. 36. - -, king of Wessex, deposed for his bad administration, i. 43. His base ingratitude to his protector, 43. Revenged upon him, 43. Sigefert, a Northumbrian pirate, routed by Alfred, i. 69. Silver. See Money. Simier is sent over by the duke of Anjou, to prosecute his suit with Queen Elizabeth, iv. 184. His art in rendering his conversation agreeable to her, 184. Discovers Leicester's marriage to the queen, 184. Is taken under-the queen's immediate protection, on Leicester's attempting his life, 18. Page 535 INDEX. 535 Rimnel, Lambert, a baker's son, becomes the instrument of Simon, the priest, to disturb the government of Henry VII., iii. 14. Opens his pretensions in Ireland, as earl of- Warwick, which revolts under him, 15. Crowned at Dublin as Edward VI., 15. Receives forces from the duchess of Burgundy, 17. Invades England, 17. Defeated at the battle of Stoke, 18. Becomes scullion to the king, and is promoted to be his falconer, 18. Simon, Richard, a priest, concerts the pretensions of Lambert Simnel against Henry VII., iii. 13. Carries his pupil to Ireland, which revolts, 15. Why only confined, on Simnel's overthrow, 18. Sinclair, Oliver, favorite of James V., appointed- to the command of the Scots army, iii. 280. Is defeated by the English at Solway, 281. Sindercome is condemned for attempting the life of Oliver Cromwell, v. 483. Poisons himself, 483. Sithric, a Danish nobleman, appointed king of Northumberland by Athelstan, i. 80. Fate of his sons, 80. Siward, duke of Northumberland, his history, i. 130. Sixr articles, law of. See Articles. Skinnier applies to the house of lords for redress against the East India Company, and is taken into custody by the commons, vi. 78. Slaves, or villains, how considered among the Anglo-Saxons, i. 163. Two kinds of, 163. Smalcalde, a league of the Protestant princes of Germany formed there, iii. 181. Money remitted to the league by Henry VIII., 213. Smyrna fleet, Dutch, attacked by Sir Robert Holmes, vi. 97. Society, civil, more probity to be found in, than among rude and barbarous nations, i. 171. Sodalitium, or Saxon bond of compact, described, i. 159. Soldiers, common, their pay in the time of Edward III., ii. 275, n. WVhence their chief emoluments arose, 275. Solebay, battle of, between the English and French fleets, and De Ruyter, the Dutch admiral, vi. 102. Solway, battle of, between the English and Scots, iii. 281. Solyman, Sultan, conquers Hungary and besieges Vienna, iii. 181. Somerset, duke of, governor of Normandy, obliged to surrender Rouen, and the rest 6f the province, to Charles VII., ii. 415. Succeeds the duke of Suffolk in his influence with Henry VI. and his queen, 423. Sent to the Tower, 432. Killed at the first battle of St. Albans, 433. --- -, the earl of Hertford, protector during the minority of Edward VI., created duke of, iii. 322. Procures his authority to be confirmed by patent, 324. Favors the establishment of the reformation, 325. Appoints a visitation of dioceses, 327. Makes preparation for the war with Scotland, 334. Publishes a manifesto, 334. Advances towards Edinburgh, 335. Defeats the Scots at the battle of Pinkey, 337. Leaves Warwick to treat for an accommodation, and returns to England, 338. Calls a parliament, 339. Passes laws favorable, to the reformation, 339. Suppresses some Popish ceremonies, 340. Orders Haddington to be fortified and garrisoned, 342. Is informed of his brother's cabals against him, 346. Commits him to the Tower, and orders a prosecution of him, 348. Signs the warrant for his execution, 349. Appoints a commission to inquire concerning enclosures, 356. Insurrections of the people, 356. Endeavors at an alliance with the emperor, but is disappointed, 359. Is opposed in his intention to conclude a peace with France and Scotland, 360. His haughty exertion of his authority excites cabals against him, 360. Becomes obnoxious for courting popular favor, 361. Demol. ishes churches to build a palace with the materials, 361. A conspiracy formed against him at Ely House, 362. Removes the king to Windsor, and prepares for his defence, 362. Is deserted by all but Paget and Vranmer, and despairs, 362. Is sent to the Tower, 363. Confesses on 1is knees, before the council, the charges laid against him; is deprived Page 536 636 IxNDEX. of his offices, and fined, 364. Is readmitted to the council, 364. Mar ries his daughter to the lord Dudley, son to Warwick, 364. The schemes of Northumberland to ruin him, 373. Is arrested, together with his duchess and friends, 373. The charges against him, 373. Is tried, 373. Executed, 374. His character, and reflections on his fate, 375. Somerset, Carre, Viscount Rochester, created earl of, iv. 431. Is instigated by his lady to procure Sir Thomas Overbury to be poisoned, 431. Is stung with remorse, and declines in the king's favor, 435. Is convicted of'Overbury's death, 436. Is pardoned, and dies in obscurity, 437. Southampton, WVriothesely, Chancellor, and one of the regency, during the minority of Edward VI., created earl of, iii. 322. Puts the great seal in commission, 323. Is deprived of the chancellorship, and removed'from the council, 323. Cabals with Warwick against the protector at Ely House, 362. Retires from the council, and dies of vexation, 364. - -- -, earl of, attends the earl of Essex to Ireland, who maker him general of horse, iv. 310. Is displaced by the queen's orders, 310. Enters into Essex's conspiracy at Drury House, 323. Is tried with Essex, and' condemned, 326. Is spared, but detained in prison, 330. Spain, state of, at the time of Henry VII. of England, iii. 21. See Ferdinand of Arragon. Leagues with the Italian states against France,-47. Obtains possession of the kingdom of Naples, 83. Death of Ferdinand, and accession of his grandson Charles, 115. See Charles V. The kingdom of, resigned by the emperor Charles V. to his son Philip, 430. See Philip II. Charles retires to the monastery of St. Just, in Estremadura,.430.. Victory of St. Quintin, 437. Peace of Cateau Cambresis, iv. 12 Philip vows to spend his life in the extirpation of heresy, 49. His cruel persecution of heretics, 50.: Its flourishing state and power at this time, 208. The Invincible Armada- fitted out for the conquest of England, 254. This fleet destroyed, 263. Cadiz taken and plundered by the English,291. The harbor of Cerimbra attacked, and a rich carrack taken there, 339.'Peace concluded with England, 398. Acknowledges the independency of the United Provinces, and concludes a truce with them for twelve years, 411.. Arrival of Prince Charles there, to prosecute his marriage with the infanta, 478. The match broke off by'Buckingham, 481. Acknowledges the republican government of England, v. 458. English ambassador murdered there by banished royalists, 458. Revolt of Portugal, and other ill successes, 458. Declares ar against England, on the seizure of Jamaica, 462. The galleons taken and destroyed at Cadiz, 463. A fleet burnt in Santa Cruz harbor, 463. War with France, vi. 61. Its situation at the time of the congress of Nimeguen, and motives of hastening the treaty there, 141. The treaty of Nimeguen Concluded, 158. Declares war against France, 278. Spalatro, archbishop of,.comes to England, turns Protestant, escapes to Italy, and dies in confinement, iv. 527. Speaker of the house of commons, first appointment of, ii. 280. tSpenser, his character as a poet, iv. 376. See Despenser. Sprague, Admiral, Sir Edward, perishes in the engagement with the Dutch at the mouth of the Texel, vi. 120. Spurs, battle of, between the troops of Henry VIII. and the duke of Longueville, iii. 98. St. Albans, the' monastery of, by whom endowed, i. 38. Observations on the petition of the borough of, to parliament, in the reign of Edward II., ii. 519. Battle of, between Henry VI. and Richard, duke of York, 433. Between Queen Margaret and the earl of Warwick, 440.'t. Andreos, Wishart, the reformer, burnt there by Cardinal Beaton, iiii. 332. The cardinal assassinated there, 332. Curious resolution of a scholastic debate there by the sub-prior's servant,'463. Walter Mill'buint there, iv. 18. A meeting of bishops and clergy summoned there by uin James,: 448 Page 537 INDEX. 537 Bt. Andrews, prior of, attends the queen regent of Scotland, in -her en. deavor to suppress the riots of the reformers, iv. 21. Joins the association termed the Congregation of the Lord, 23. See Murray, Lord James. St. Aubin, battle of, between the duke of Brittany and the French, iii. 27. St. Bartholomew, massacre of the Hugonots at Paris, on the eve of that day, iv. 157. St. Denis, battle of, between the constable Montmorency and the prince of Conde, iv. 143. Battle of, between the prince of Orange and Mareschal Luxembourg, vi. 159. St. Disier, taken by the emperor Charles V., iii. 294. St. Edmondsbury, a confederacy of the barons formed there, by Cardinal Langton, to assert their privileges against the oppressions of lKing John, i. 425. St. Giles, tutelar saint of Edinburgh, riot of Protestants there on the festival of, iv. 18. St. John, his ineffectual negotiations with the states-general of the United Provinces, v. 426. Excites a quarrel between the commonwealth and the states, 427. of Jerusalem, the knights of, refuse to surrender their revenues to Henry VIII., iii. 262. The order dissolved by parliament, 262. St. Omeers, the prince of Orange defeated there by Mareschal Luxembourg, vi. 144. St. Quintin, battle of, between the constable Montmorency and the Spanish army under Philibert, duke of Savoy, iii. 437. Stafford, Loid Viscount, is tried for the Popish plot, vi. 229. Is condemned, 231.. Executed, 232. Standard, battle of, i. 276. Stanley, Lord, suspected by Richard III. of favoring the earl of Richnond, ii. 5(Y5. His son retained by Richard as the pledge of his fidelity, 505. His ambiguous conduct previous to the battle of Bosworth, 505. Declares for Richmond soon after the commencement of the action, 506. Created earl of Derby, iii. 7. - -, William, governor of Deventer, betrays the place, and deserts with his whole garrison to the Spaniards, iv. 251. —, Sir William, presents the earl of Richmond with Richard III.'s crown, found in Bosworth field, iii. 1. Detected by Sir Robert Clifford in abetting Perkin Warbec, 43. Tried and executed, 43. Stannary courts, suppressed by the long parliament, v. 171. Star chamber, the jurisdiction of, how founded, and when established, iii. 69. The nature of that jurisdiction explained, iv. 345. Its anti quity, 498. Its authority not limited by any precise law or statute, 498 Oppressive sentences of this court, v. 74, 77, 80, 88. Its proceedings condemned by the commons, 134. Its sentence on Prynne and others reversed, and satisfaction ordered, 137. Is abolished by parliament, 170. Stayner, Captain, takes and destroys the Spanish galleons at Cadiz, v. 463. Stephen, king of England, his pretensions to the crown, how founded, i. 271. Assumes the crown, 272. Grants a charter to his subjects, 273. His title ratified by the pope, 273. His subjects swear a conditional allegiance to him, 275. Summoned before a synod by his brother Henry, bishop of Winchester, 277. Taken prisoner by the empress Matilda's party, 279. Exchanged for Earl Robert, Matilda's brother, 282. Disgusts his nobles by demanding their castles, 283. His party laid under the papal interdiction, but relieved by his submissions, 283. The arch bishop of Canterbury refuses to anoint his son Eustace, 284. Enters into a compromise with Henry, son of the empress Matilda, 284. Dies, 285. His character, 285. Stigarid, archbishop of Canterbury, proclaims Edgar, and encourages the English to resist the Normans, i. 179. Not permitted to officiate at the coronation of King William, 181. Attends him to Normaady, 184. His character, 196. Degraded and imprisoneda 198. Page 538 638 INDEX. Stil-yard, merchants of, when established into a company, iii. 371. Tue privileges of, annulled by the council of Edward VI., 371. Stirling, a confederacy of malecontent Scots nobles formed there, against Queen Mary, iv. 69. The rebels forced to retire into England, 70. Stoke, battle of, between -Henry VII. and the earl of Lincoln, Lambert Sinnel's general, iii. 18. Stowe, his acknowledgment of the advance of trade during the peaceable' reign of James I., iv. 572. Stowel, an abhorrer, resists the order of the house of commons for his commitment, vi. 222. Strafford, Wentworth, earl of, his preferment, and the motive of it, v. 65. His character, 66. Is called from Ireland, and sent lieutenant-general against the Scots, 122. Obtains the chief command by the illness of Northumberland, 123. Advises the king to continue the war, 123. Gains an advantage over the Scots, 124. The army discontented, 124. His general unpopularity at the meeting of the long parliament, 128. Is promised protection by the king, 130. Is impeached by the house of commons, 130. Is taken into custody, 131. A commission appointed for trying him, 152. Is accused by the Irish parliament, 153. Examination of his case and conduct, 154. His defence, 156. Notes of his speech in council produced against him by Vane and Pym, 160. His defence against this paper, 161. Is attainted by the commons, 162. The populace excited against him, 162. Writes to the king to give him up, 165. His attainder passed, 166. Is executed, 167. His character, 168. Stratford, archbishop of Canterbury, is employed by Edward III. in'collecting the new levies, ii. 207. Enters into a combination against the king on his return from Flanders, 208. His letter to the king, 208. Comes to parliament unsummoned, in his pontifical robes, and.demands admittance, 209. Is at length reconciled to the king, 209. Stratton, battle of, between the earl of, Stamford and the royalists, v. 244, Straw, Jack, one of the heads of Tyler's insurrection. See Tyler. Stricland, a member of the house of commons, introduces a bill for the amendment of the liturgy, iv. 133. Is summoned before the council, and prohibited appearing in the house, 135. Is restored to his seat, 136. Strigul, earl of. See Strongbow. Strode, his cruel treatment in Cornwall for bringing a bill into parliament relating to tin, iii. 312. -., a member of the house of commons, impeached by Charles I., v. 206. Strongbow, Richard, earl of Strigul, engages to assist Dermot, king of Leinster, i. 331. Applies to Henry II. for permission, 332. Marries the daughter of Dermot, and succeeds to his kingdom, 332. The Irish not able to withstand him, 332. Receives from Henry the commission of seneschal of Ireland, 332. Strozzi, the French admiral, makes an attempt on Jersey, but is engaged by an English fleet, iii. 359. Stuart, the causes of the unhappiness of the princes of that house in the government of England pointed out, v. 540. Reflections on the administration of that family, while on the throne of England, vi. 363. J, ames, of Ochiltree, joins in the designs of the count d'Aubigney, in detaching James VI. of Scotland from the interest of England, iv. 178. Is made earl of Arran, 190. See Arran. Subsidies and Fifteenths, the nature, amount, and method of levying these taxes, iv. 509. Are altered into a land tax, 510. The last grant of subsidies, vi. 32. Suetonius, Paulinus, sent by Nero to Britain, i. 6. Subdues Anglesey, the chief seat of the Druids, 6. Defeats Boadicea, 7. Recalled, 7. Suffolk, earl of, succeeds, at the death of the earl of Salisbury, to the command of the siege of Orleans, ii. 386. Disconcerted by Joan d'Arc, 391. Raises the siege, 394, Besieged himself at Jergeauj 394. Taken Page 539 INDEX. 539 prisoner by one Renaud, whom he knighted, 394. Negotiates a truce iith Charles VII. of France, 409. Concludes a treaty of marriage between Henry VI. and Margaret of Anjou, 410. Created a duke, 410. Defends his conduct in the house of lords, 421. Impeached by the commons, 421. His justification of himself, 422. Banished by the king, 423. Murdered, 423. Zuffolk, Edmond de la Pole, earl of, flies to Flanders, and why, iii. 65. Is pardoned, but elopes again, 65. Political improvement of this incident by Henry VII., 65. His secrets betrayed, by the treachery of Sir Robert Curson, 65. Protected by Philip, archduke of Austria, 66. Deluded over to England by Philip, and committed to the Tower, 66. Beheaded by Henry VIII., 96. Motives to this action, 96. —, Charles Brandon, duke of _.arries Mary, queen dowager of France, sister to Henry VIII., privately, iii. 105. Henry reconciled to him, 106. Retires disgusted, 109. Is sent by Henry to invade Picardy, 144. Penetrates almost to Paris, 145. Is sent by Henry to suppress Dr. Mackrel's insurrection, 236. Dies, 299. The king's character of him, 300.. —-, the marquis of Dorset created duke of, iii. 381. For his daughters, Jane and Catharine, see Gray. Is appointed to command the army, to defend his daughter Jane's pretensions, 388. The command taken by Northumberland, 388. Declares for Queen Mary, 389. Is apprehended, but released, 390. Engages in a conspiracy against Mary, 402. Is taken prisoner, 40.2. Is tried and executed, 406. -—, Lord, and Lord Chamberlain, is ordered to search the vaults under the parliament house, and discovers the powder intended to blow up king and parliament, iv. 404. —, earl of, his daughter married to the earl of Essex, iv. 428. See Carre, and Essex. Succeeds Salisbury as treasurer, 432. Suits in fDrma pauperis, first given to the poor, iii. 70. Sunday, sports and exercises allowed on, by proclamation of James I., iv. 447. The Puritans distinguish themselves by terming it the Sabbath, v. 10. An edict for sports on, renewed by Charles I., 77. Sunderland, earl of, is made secretary of state, vi. 200. Remarks on his conduct, 255. Is supposed to have entered into a correspondence with the prince of Orange, 336. Supplies, extraordinary, the amount of those granted to James I. by parliament, iv. 507. See Revenue. Surienne, Sir Francis, refuses obedience to Henry VI.'s order to surrender Maine to the duke of Anjou, ii. 413. Reduced to capitulate by Dunois, 413. Retires into Normandy, 413. Surnames, when introduced into England, i. 472. Surrey, earl of, encourages Henry VIII. in his pleasures, iii. 79. Collects an army, and marches to oppose James JIV. of Scotland, 100. Defeats James at the battle of Flouden, 101. Created duke of Norfolk, 102. See Norfolk., Lord Howard, son to the duke of Norfolk, made earl of, iii. 102. Is made admiral of England, and, by the emperor Charles V., admiral of the imperial dominions, 136. Commands the English incursions into France, 137. Commands in the invasion of Scotland, 138. His character, 305. Is made governor of Boulogne, but after displaced, 305. The motives of Henry's aversion to him, 306. His accusation and executi6n, 306. Sussex, history of the Saxon kingdom of, i. 40. -, earl of, is appointed one of the commissioners to hear the cause between Mary, queen of Scots, and Murray, the regent, iv. 103. Marches against the northern insurgents, 126. Is sent with forces to Scotland, to check the progress of Mary's party, 129. Writes to Scotland, in order to frustrate the treaty entered into by Mary with Elizabeth, 131. Page 540 540 INDEX. Swart, Martin, sent with forces, by the duchess of Burgundy, to the assistance of Lambert Simnel, iii. 17. Defeated and killed at the battle of Stoke, 18. Sweating sickness, first appearance of, iii. 6. Sweden, accession of Charles X., by the resignation of Queen Christina, and his successes in the north, v. 455. Peace concluded with Denmark, by the mediation of the English and Dutch,. 499. Joins in the triple league, vi. 65. Is detached from it by France, 98. Sweyn, king of Denmark, his invasion of England, in conjunction with Olave, king of Norway, i. 103. Exacts tribute of Ethelred, and departs, 103, 104. Subsequent invasions by him, 104, 101. Dies at Gainsborough, 112. Swiss league with Pope Julius II. against the French, iii. 84. Drive the French out of Milan, and reinstate Maximilian Sforza in that duchy, 90. Excel other nations in their infantry, 96. Invade Burgundy, 98. Deceived, in a treaty, by Tremouille, the governor, 99. Are /defeated by Francis I. of France, at Marignan, 113. A body of, in the service of Francis, desert in disgust, 146. Synods held in England, i. 50, 98, 206, 209, 233, 234, 246, 258, 265, 277, 280, 302, 307, 377, 407. ii. 39, 111. Talliages levied by the Anglo-Norman kings, i. 461. Tancred, natural brother to Constantia, queen of Naples and Sicily, dispossesses her of her dominions, i. 371.- His apprehensions on the arrival of the crusaders Richard- I. of England and Philip of France, who are obliged to winter at Messina, 371. His insidious behavior toward his guests, 372. Tangier, the fortress of, yielded to Charles II., as part of the dowry with the princess Catharine of Portugal, vi. 23. Is demolished and abandoned, 241. Tanistry, in the Irish customs, explained, iv. 422. Is abolished, 423. Taxes, how imposed in the reign of Edward I., ii. 140. Are arbitrarily increased by Edward III., 270. Never imposed without consent of parliament, by the house of Lancaster, 373. Oppressively raised by Henry VIII., under the name of loans, iii. 140. Exorbitant levies of, in the reign of Edward VI., 463. A review of those imposed during the time of the commonwealth, v. 524. Taylor, parson of Hadley, burnt for heresy, iii. 420.,bishop of Lincoln, violently thrust out of the parliament house for refusing to kneel at the celebration of mass, iii. 395. Templars, knights, character of that order, ii. 170. Their cruel treatment by Philip the Fair of France, 170, 171. The order abolished by Pope Clement V.,. 172. n'eraple, Sir William, resident at Brussels, is sent to the Hague, to concert.an opposition to the French coniquests in the Netherlands, vi. 63. His negotiations with De Wit, 63. Concludes the triple alliance with the States and Sweden, 65. Is sent plenipotentiary to the treaty at Aix-laChapelle, 66, Is visited by De Wit, and the information he brings to him, 85. Is recalled from the Hague, 88. His remonstrance to the king, on being appointed ambassador to the States, 129. Is sent to the congress at Nimeguen, 140. His remonstrance to the king respecting an alliance against France, 152. Concludes an alliance with the States, to -oblige Louis to comply w.ith the treaty of Nimeguen, 156. Advises the king to form a new council, 200. His character as a writer, 376. His death, 376. Tenchebray,.boattle of, between Wing Henry I. and Duke ilobert, i. 260. Tenures, feudal, the nature and principles of, explained, i. 442. Terouane, besieged by Henry VIII., iii. 97. Extraordinary relief brought them, 97. CQpituiates, 98. Test act passed, vi, 117. A new one passed, with,a exception in the duke of York's favorb 187. Is dispensed with by James II., 02. His Page 541 INDEX. 541 privilege of dispensing with it, confirmed in the case of Sir Edward Hales, 306. fewkesbury, battle of, between Edward IV. and Queen Margaret's army, ii. 471. rexel, engagement between Prince Rupert and De Ruyter, at the mouth of, vi. 120. Thanes, among the Saxons, import of that distinction, i. 160. Theatres, cause of the licentiousness of, after the restoration, vi. 374. How corrected, 375. Theft, when first made capital in England, i. 268. Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, made legate in England, i. 283. Refuses to anoint Eustace as King Stephen's heir, 284. Favored by Henry II. on this account, 296. Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, calls a synod at Hatfield, against the heresy of the Monothelites, i. 50. Thomas ( Becket, his history previous to his preferment, i. 296. Appointed chancellor, 296. His magnificent way of life, 297. Goes ambassador to France, 297. Instance of the king's familiarity with him, 298. Promoted to Canterbury, 298. His assumed sanctity on this occasion, 298. His attacks on the earl of Clare, and William of Eynsford, 299, 300. Opposes the king in a national synod, 302. Is prevailed on to subscribe the constitutions of Clarendon, 305. His sorrow for his compliance, 306. Sued for some lands, and his behavior thereupon, 306. Condemned for contempt at the council of Northampton, 307. Consults with his suffra. gans about a subsequent demand of money made on him by the king, 309. His extraordinary visit to the king, 310. Appeals to the pope, and leaves the kingdom, 311. His reception in France, 312. His representations abroad, 313. Excommunicates Henry's ministers, 314. Ob tains a legatine commission, 315. Ineffectual treaties of pacification between him and the king, 317. Is reconciled to him, 317. Opposes the coronation of Prince Henry, when associated with his father, 319. Suspends the archbishop of York, and excommunicates other bishops who assist at the coronation, 319. Murdered at the altar, 322. His character, and that of the age he lived in, 322. Canonized by Pope Alexander, 325. Pilgiimages to his shrine, 326. King Henry does penance at it, 343. His murderers, how punished, 349. The extraordinary devotion paid to his shrine, iii. 243. The shrine pillaged, and Beclet's bones burnt by Henry VIII., 244. Thomond, earl of, attempts a rebellion in Connaught, iv. 305. Throgmorton, Sir Nicholas, is tried at Guildhall, on account of Suffolk's conspiracy, but acquitted, iii. 406. His jury cruelly treated, 406. His brother, Sir John, convicted, 406. Is released from confinement by Philip, 412. Is made ambassador to Paris, and sends over intelligence of the hostile measures of the.French court, iv. 26. Renews his application to Mary, queen of Scots, to ratify the treaty of Edinburgh, 32. Mary's spirited declaration to him on being denied a passage through England to Scotland, 33. Is employed by Elizabeth to encourage an insurrection in Scotland against Mary, 69. His prudent management in this affair for his own security, 70. Is sent ambassador to Scotland, on the captivity of Mary, 92. The tenor of his commission, 92. Is ordered not to assist at the coronation of the young King James VI., 95. fibetot, John, earl of Worcester. See Worcester. fillage. See Agriculture. rime, how measured by King Alfred, i. 75. Tindal, flies to Antwerp, from the power of Henry VIII., iii. 205. Makes a translation of the Scriptures, 205. Is artfully supplied with money to perfect it, by Tonstal, bishop of London, 205. rithes, the large pretensions the Saxon clergy formed under that name, i. 56. VL. VI. 46 H Page 542 542 INDEX. Tithings, the subdivision of counties into, by Alfred, for the regult, ad. ministration of justice, i. 71. Tobacco, when first introduced into England, iv. 211. Toleration, not a priestly virtue, ii. 371. The popular arguments foi and against, occasioned by the debates between Cardinal Pole and B -hop Gardiner on that subject, iii. 416. The chief cause and origin of it, iv 601. Tomlinson, Colonel, the speech of Charles I. to, at his execution, v. 4.17. Tongue, Dr., his character, and his intelligence.concerning the P pish plot, vi. 171. Is recommended, by the house of commons, for church preferment, 223. - Tonnage and poundage, granted by parliament to Henry V. for life, ii. 359. Granted, in like manner, to Richard III., 502. To Henry VII., iii. 10. The duties of, arbitrarily levied by Henry VIII., 313. Remarks on the statute granting these duties to him, 313. The long possession of the duties occasion them to be considered by the princes as their proper right and inheritance, iv. 415. A short history of these grants, v. 53. Are levied by Charles I., after the expiration of the grant of them, 54. The speaker of the commons forcibly detained until the passing a remonstrance against them, 59. A limited grant of, made by the commons, 148. Are-granted to Charles II. for life, vi. 5. Tonstal, bishop of London, is sent byHenry VIII. to Madrid, ambassador to the emperor Charles V., iii. 151. Buys up all Tindal's first incorrect translation of the Scriptures, and burns them, 205. His scheme, in so doing, 205. Is -appointed one of the regency during the minority- of Edivard VI., 320. Is dismissed the council, for opposing the reformation, 329. His character, 377. A bill of attainder passed again-st him by the peers, but rejected by the commons, 378. Is restored to his see of Durham by Queen Mary, 392. Torture, arbitrarily inflicted by the officers of state during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 348. Tory, the origin of that name, as a party distinction, vi. 219. The views of that party in opposing James II., and their plan for settling the government on his abdication, 356. Tosti,- brother to Harold, duke of Nosthumberland, his subjects rebel against him, i. 136. They justify themselves to Harold, who went to suppress them, 136. Superseded by Morcar, 136. Retires to Flanders, 137. Prepares to disturb Harold's government, 139. His depredcations on the English coasts, 145. Defeated and killed by Harold, 145. Toulouse, count de, despoiled of his dominions, for protecting the Albigenses, i. 415. Tournay, in Flanders, is besieged by Edward III., ii. 204. Taken by Henry VIII., iii. 99. Wolsey put in possession of the bishopric, 99. Is delivered up to France, 116. Tournholt, battle of, between Prince Maurice and the Spaniards, iv. 287. Tours, truce concluded there betweenEngland and Charles VII. of France. ii. 409. Touton, battle of, bet'ween Edward IV. and the Lancastrians, ii. 446. Trade, a board of, when erected, vi. 370. See Commerce. Transtamare, Henry, count de, engages Charles, king of France, to invade his brother Peter, king of Castile, ii. 257. Becomes possessed of Castile by the flight of his brother, 258. His soldiers: desert to Prince Edward, 259. Is defeated by Edward, and Peter restored, 259. Murders Peter, and regains the kingdom, 260. See Castile. Transubstantiation, the point of, debated in convocation, iii. 399. The debate renewed at Oxford, 400. Traquaire, earl of, goes to London to inform Charles of the tumults in Scotland, in opposition to the canons and liturgy, v. 100. Intercepts a letter from the malecontents to the king of France, 113. Treason, high, the cases of, limited by law, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 267. The rigorous and contrary statutes against, enacted by Henry Page 543 INDEX. 543 VIII. and his parliaments, iii. 310. A severe law against, passed by the lords, but altered by the- commons, 376. The species of, restricted by parliament, 395. Statutes of Elizabeth concerning, iv. 141. Treasurers, an account of those during the reign of James I., iv. 494. During that of Charles I., v. 384. Trent, the council of, assembled, iii. 329. Is transferred to Bologna, 330. Tresilian, Sir Robert, gives his opinion against the validity of Richard II.'s commission to Gloucester's faction, ii. 292. Executed for it, 294. Treves, taken from the French by the imperialists, vi. 138. Trials by battle allowed by Henry II. to be evaded by appeal to a jury, i. 347. Triple alliance, formed against Louis XIV., vi. 65. Trinity College, Cambridge, when and by whom founded, iii. 318. Tromp, the Dutch admiral,,quarrels with Blake in Dover Road, v. 428. Engages Blake, 429. He and De Ruyter defeat Blake, 431. Engages Blake for three days, and is worsted, but secures the merchant ships under his convoy, 431. Engages Blake for two days, and is defeated, 466. Is killed in an engagement with Monk, 466., son of the former, sustains an engagement against the duke of York, after the death of Opdam, vi. 40. He and De Ruyter engage the duke of Albemarle four days, 46. Is defeated at the mouth of the Thames, 48. His commission taken from him, 49. Troye, treaty at, between Henry V. and Philip, duke of Burgundy, ii. 364. Articles of, specified, 364. Reflections on this treaty, 365. Tudor, Sir Owen, marries Catharine, widow of Henry V., ii. 370. Taken prisoner at the battle of Mortimer's Cross, and beheaded, 440. Remarks onothe administration of the princes of that house, iv. 566. Tunis is bombarded by Admiral Blake, and the ships in thfe harbor burnt, v. -461. Turenne, Marshal, his successes in Alsace, vi. 132. Prevents Montecuculi from passing the Rhine, 137. Is killed, 137. Turkey, commencement of the trade with, by a company established by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 366. Turnpikes, the first law for the erecting of, when passed, vi. 370. Tyler, Wat, and Jack Straw, heads of the insurrection in the reign of Richard II., assemble their adherents on Blackheath, ii. 284. Tyler has a conference with the king in Smithfield, 285. Is killed by Walworth, mayor of London, 285. Tyrconnel, earl of, his character, and violent oppression of the Protestants in Ireland, vi. 312. Is made lord lieutenant, 312. Projects a reversal of the act of settlement, 319. Tyrone, earl of, his character, iv. 306. Enters into a correspondence with Spain, and heads an insurrection of the native Irish against the English, 307. Defeats the English under Sir Henry Bagnal, 307. His conference and treaty with the earl of Essex, 312. Breaks the truce on the return of Essex to England, 315. Is driven into the morasses by Lord Mountjoy, 316. Joins the Spaniards, who invade Ireland, 334. Is defeated by Mountjoy, 334. Surrenders himself to Mountjoy, 339. Is pardoned, 340. Tyrrel, Sir James, murders Edward V. and the duke of York in the Tower, by orders of Richard III., ii. 494. Proves the murders by order of Henry VII., on account of Perkin Warbec's imposture, iii. 41. Executed for another crime, 66. -, Walter, accidentally kills William Rufus with an arrow, i. 237. Joins the crusade for penance, 237. tdal, a Puritanical clergyman, his cruel persecution for writing against Episcopacy, iv. 356. Ulster, a -company formed in London for planting colonies in, on its falling to the crown by attainders, iv. 423. An insurrection of the Irish, and massacre of the English there, v. 182, 184. See Ireland. UIniformity, the act of, -passed, vi. 20. The penalties of, increased, 35 Page 544 544 INDEX. Union of England and Scotland attempted by King James L., iv. 396 Commissioners appointed to treat of it, 396. iUnited Provinces of the Low Countries, commencement of their associa tion against the domination of Spain, iv. 165. Pacification of Ghent, 168. Conclude a treaty with Queen Elizabeth, 169. Again implore the protection of Elizabeth, 206. Conditions of her league with them, 208. Are reproved by Elizabeth for the extraordinary honors bestowed on Leicester, commander of the English forces, 210. Are displeased with Leicester, 212. And jealous of the intentions of Elizabeth, 251. The earl of Leicester recalled, 252. The government of, conferred on Prince Maurice, 252. Conclude a new treaty with Elizabeth, 287. Another, 300. A treaty between James I. and Henry IV., for the support of, 382. Their freedom acknowledged by Spain, and a truce of twelve years concluded, 411. Banish Vorstius, an Arminian, to gratify James, 421. Obtain of James a resignation of the cautionary towns, 439. Acquire their full freedom by this restitution, 440. Renew the war with Spain, and receive forces from England, 490. Cruelties exercised by the Dutch on the English factors at Amboyna, 517. Their herring-busses attacked by the English, and a fine paid for the license of fishing, v. 83. Are obliged to remove Charles II., after the murder of Dorislaus, 399. Decline the proposed coalition with the English commonwealth, 426. Their ships taken by the English, 428. Engagement between Tromp and Blake, 428. Their apology rejected by the English commonwealth, 429. See Tromp, De Ruyter, etc. Make peace with Cromwell, 447. Review of their conduct towards the English, vi. 36. Nova Belgia taken from them,?38. Order De Ruyter to attack the English settlements, 38. Their ships seized by the English, 39. War deolared against them by the English, 40. Treaty of Breda, 53. Triple alliance, 65. Charles determines to quarrel with them, in virtue of his league with France, 93. Their Smyrna fleet attacked by the English, 97. War declared by England, 98. War declared by France, 98. Their defenceless state at this time, 99. Sea fight at Solebay, 102. Rapid progress of Lewis XIV. in their territories, 104. General consternation of the states, 105. Send deputies to beg for peace, 106. The prince of Orange made stadtholder, 109. Sea fight- at Schonvelt, 118. Another at the msuth of the Texel, 120. Ineffectual congress at Cologne, 121. Peace with England, 123. Their motives of hastening the treaty of Nimeguen, 141. Conclude an alliance with Charles to oblige France to peace, 153. Peace of Nimeguen, 160. Join with Germany in a league against Lewis XIV., 332. Concur with the prince of Orange in his intention of assisting the English nation against James II., 337. Universities, their revenues granted to Henry VIII. by parliament, but declined by him, iii. 297. Urban disputes the papacy with Clement, i. 234. HIisakind reception of Archbishop Anselm, 234. III. dies of grief at the taking of Palestine by Saladin, i. 354. - VI., Pope, how elected, ii. 322. Urbanists and Clementines, source of those distinctions, ii. 323. Urrey, Colonel, deserts from the parliament army to the king, v. 246. Essex's army surprised by his- intelligence, and Hambden killed, 247. Is defeated by Montrose, near Inverness, 306. Is executed in Scotland, 407. Urswic, almoner to Henry VII., sent by him to mediate between France and Brittany, iii. 26. The duke of Brittany's answer to his proposals, 26. Sent a second time with new proposals, 27. Usury, how looked on at the commencement of the reign of Richard I., i. 366. Is worse practised after the expulsion of the Jews by Edward I. than by them before, ii. 74. Ill-judged laws against, by enry VII., iii. 72. Another statute passed against, 375. The meaning of that word limited to the taking exorbitant interest, and. condemned by law, iv. 369 Page 545 INDE,. 545 Utrecht is taken by Lewis XIV., vi. 105. Uxbridge, negotiations entered into there for the treaty letween Charles I and the long parliament, v. 291. Vacarius reads public lectures in civil law at Oxford, under the protection of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 509. Vagrants are punished by Queen Elizabeth by martial law, iv. 347. Valence, bishop of, maternal uncle to Queen Eleanor, made chief minister to Henry III., ii. 17. Valentine forcibly detains the speaker of the house of commons in his chair, until the passing a-remonstrance against tonnage and poundage, v. 59. His sentence by the court of king's bench, 59. Van Ghent, the Dutch admiral, is purposely insulted by an English yacht, vi. 93. Is killed by the earl of Sandwich at the battle of Solebay, 102. Vane, Sir Harry, secretary, his imprudent manner of urging the king's demands in the house of commons, v. 118. Notes of Strafford's speech in council, found among his papers by his son, and made use of to'condemn Strafford, 160. His doubtful depositions concerning this paper, 161. —, Sir Henry, the younger, how he procured the condemnation of the earl of Strafford, v. 160. Is sent by the parliament with offers to negotiate a confederacy with the Scots, 261. His character, 261. Procures the solemn league and covenant to be framed, 261. Becomes a leader of the Independents, 283. His speech in parliament preparatory to the self-denying ordinance, 286. Is sent with other commissioners to the Isle of Wight, to treat with the king, 360. His remarks on the king's abilities, 361. Is named one of the council of state after the king's death, 388, n. Is sent with other commissioners to settle the affairs of Scotland, now reduced by AMonk, 425. Encourages discontents against the protector, 452. Is confined by the long parliament on its restoration, 506. His gesneral conduct and behavior, 506. Is excepted from the act of indemnity on the restoration, vi. 4. Is tried, 25. Is executed, 26. His character, 26. Varenne, seneschal of Normandy, sent by Lewis XI. of France, with some forces, to the assistance of Edward IV. of England, ii. 450. Gets possession of Alnwic Castle, in Northumberland, 450. Vassalage, the origin and nature of, explained, i. 442. Their condition.,under their respective lords, 447. Vassals, under feudal tenure, obliged to ransom their superior lord, if in captivity, i. 386. The ransom of Richard I. of England, how levied, 386. ~Vaughan, an outlaw for debt, motives for confirming his election to the house of commons, iv. 390. Velvet, the price of, in Queen Elizabeth's reign, iv. 511. Venables, commands the forces on board Penn's fleet, sent to the West Indies, v. 461. Is routed at St. Domingo, 461. Takes Jamaica, and is sent to the Tower, 462. Venner, an account of his insurrection, vi. 11. Vere, Sir Francis, is anade governor of Flushing, iv. 287. Commands the English auxiliaries at the battle of Tournholt, 287. Defends Ostend against the Spaniards, 339, n. —, Robert de, earl of Oxford, his ascendency over Richard II., ii. 288. His preferment and licentious conduct, 288. Defeated by the duke of Gloucester, 293. Verneuil, battle of, between the duke of Bedford' and the earl of Buchan, ii. 380. Vervins, peace'of, between Henry IV. of France, and Philip II. of Spain, iv. 297. Vezelay, the armies of Richard I, of England, and Philip of France, intended for the crusade, rendezvous there, i. 370. Victor IV., Pope. See Alexander III. Vidimar; viscount of Limoges, how he incurred the resentment of Rich 46* Page 546 546 INDEX. ard I., i. 389. Is besieged by him, and all his garrison hanged, 39 Richard receives his death wound at the assault; 390.'ienne, John de, admiral of France, sent by the regency of Charles VI. to assist the Scots in invading England, ii. 287. Returns home disgusted, 287. Vigo taken and burnt by Sir Francis Drake, iv. 268. Villains, among the Anglo-Saxons, what, i. 163. Villenage, the gradual decay of, deduced from the revival of the arts, ii. 512. No remains of, left at the time of Queen Elizabeth, 512. Villiers, George, is introduced to the notice of James I., iv. 435. Is made cup-bearer to him, 436. Is made duke of Buckingham, 438. See Buckingham. Virgil, Polydore, cause of his antipathy to Cardinal WVolsey, iii. 117. Virginia, the first settlers, planted there by Sir Walter Raleigh, desert it, iv. 210. The settlements there resumed and effected, 619. Vorstius, a disciple of Arminius, banished from the United Provinces- to gratify King James I., iv. 421. Vortigern, prince of Dumnonium, his character, i. 12, 15. Deposed, 15. Vortimer succeeds his father, Vortigern, i. 15. Wager of law, the source of, i. 172. Wages of laborers, regulated by a law of Henry VII., iii. 73. Remarks on the rates at that time, compared with the present, 73. Wakefield, battle of, between Margaret and the duke of York, ii. 439. Action there between Sir Thomas Fairfaxk and Goring, v. 257. Wakeman, Sir George, the queen's physician, is accused of an intention to poison the king, vi. 171. Is acquitted, 208. Walcot, Lieutenant-Colonel, is tried and executed for the duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, vi. 265. Waleran de Ties, his disputes with Richard, earl of Cornwall, son of King John, concerning a manor in that county, ii. 12. Wales, the state of, and the restless disposition of its princes, previous to the time of Henry III., ii. 42. Prince Lewellyn applies to Henry for protection against his rebellious son Griffin, 42. Griffin delivered up to Henry by his elder brother David, who does homage to Henry, 42. Griffin loses his life in attempting an escape from the Tower of London, 42. His son Lewellyn succeeds, and renews the homage to Henry, 42. He confederates with Leicester, aid invades England, 43. Is reduced by Edward I. for not renewing his homage, 77. Lewellyn defeated and killed by Mortimer, 78. His brother and successor, David, tried as a traitor, and executed, 78. The Welsh bards all put to death, 78. The traditional account of its annexation to the crown of England, and giving title to the king's eldest son, 78. The motto of the princes of, whence derived, 228. Insurrection there by Owen Glendour, 330. United to the English government by parliament, iii. 198. Further regulations made to complete the union, 220. Wallace, William, his character, ii. 121. Becomes a leader of the discontented Scots, 122. His first exploits against the English, 122. Chases Ormesby, the English justiciary, to England, 122. Is countenanced by Robert Bruce, 123. Gains a victory over Earl Warrenne, 124. Is made regent of Scotland, 124. Makes an incursion into England, 124. Resigns his regency to avoid giving umbrage to the Scots nobles, 125. Is routed at Falkirk by Edward, 126. His prudent retreat, 126. His conference with young Robert Bruce, on the banks of the Carron, 126. Gains Bruce over to the Scots interest, 127. Is betrayed into the hands of. Edward, 131. Is executed on Tower Hill, 131. Waller, Edmond, the poet, his anecdote of James I., iv. 435. His character as a writer, and as a member of parliament, v. 251. Forms a party without doors against the violent counsels within, 252. Is discovered, and, with two others, condemned by a court-martial, 252. Is pardoned, on paying a fine, 253. His character as a poet, 530, HIis death, 530. Page 547 INDEX. 54? Waller, Sir William, a parliament general, his rapid exploits, v. 242. Joins the earl of Essex, 242. Is sent into the west, and is defeated by -Lord Wilmot on Roundway Down, 246. Is routed by the king at Cropredy bridge, 278. Wallingford House, cabal of, against Richard Cromwell, v. 492. Walpole, Mr., a particular examination of Perkin Warbec's imposture, in reference to his Historical Doubts, iii. 449. Walsingham, minister to Queen Elizabeth, countenances the Puritans, iv. 119. WVhen ambassador at Paris, is deceived by the plausible conduct of Charles, 157. Is sent ambassador to France, on occasion of the intended marriage between Elizabeth and the duke of Anjou, 186. The strange contrariety of instructions received by him, 186. Is averse to the French marriage, 188. Is sent ambassador to Scotland, to discover the real character of James, 196. Sends a favorable account of him, 196. His vigilance and artifices to detect conspiracies, 197. Discovers Babington's conspiracy, 219. His schemes to acquire full insight into it, 220. Seizes the conspirators, 221. Justifies his conduct towards Mary, queen of Scots, on her trial, 228. His letter to Thirlstone, the Scots secretary, relating to the execution of Mary, queen of Scots, 248. His death and character, 548. Walter, archbishop of Rouen, is, with others, appointed by Richard I. counsellor to Longchamp, i. 377. Is made chief justiciary, 377. Forces Prince John to an accommodation, 384. Attends Queen Eleanor to Germany to ransom the king, 386. Waltheof, Earl, enters into a conspiracy against William the Conqueror, i. 203. Betrayed by his wife, 204. Confesses it to Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, and after to the king, 204. Executed, 205. Walworth, mayor of London, kills Wat Tyler at the head of his adherents, ii. 285. Wapentake, what, i. 72. War, reflections on the state of, and manner of carrying on, in the early times of the English history, ii. 359, 406. Civil, favorable to eloquence, v. 528. Warbec, Perkin, his parentage, iii. 38. For what purpose sent for by the duchess of Burgundy, 38. Secreted in Portugal, 38.. Sent to Ireland, and assumes the character of the- duke of York, 39. Invited to Paris by Charles VIII., 39. Magnificent- reception and appointments, 39. Retires to the duchess of Burgundy, on the peace between England and France, 39. His interest gains ground in England, 40. His secrets betrayed by Sir Robert Clifford, 41. His private history published by Henry VII., 42. Puts to sea with a band of refugees, and escapes the snares of the Kentish men, 45. Makes an ineffectual attempt upon Ireland, 49. Received by James IV. of Scotland, and married to Lady Catharine Gordon, 49. Attends James in an invasion of England, and publishes a manifesto, 50. Desired by James to leave Scotland, on his concluding a truce with England, 55. Excluded Flanders, he retires to Ireland, 55. Makes a descent on Cornwall, 55. Besieges Exeter, 56. Raises the siege, and his followers disperse, 56.- His wife taken prisoner and generously treated, 56. Flies to a sanctuary, 57. Persuaded to surrender, 57. Conducted to Londoh in mock triumph, 57. Makes a confession, which is published, 57. Escapes, 57. T,: ken, and put in the stocks, 58. Concerts an escape with the earl of Warwick, 58. Executed, 58. His imposture established by an express examination of circumstances, 449. Wardships, a branch of the revenue of the Anglo-Norman kings, the vast advantages made thereby, i. 463. The oppressive nature of the prerogative, iv. 352. The commons attempt to free the nation from the burden of, 395. Enter inlt treaty with the king for resigning, which fails, 419. Warham, archbishop of Canterbury, and chancellor, chosen to the privy Page 548 564~8 INDDEX. council by Henry VIII., iii. 79. Resigns his places, and retires, 106. His observation on Cardinal Wolsey, 118. Informs Henry of Wolsey's arbitrary conduct, 119. Declares against the king's completing his marriage with Catharine of Arragon, 163. Dies, 191. How imposed on by the story of the holy maid of Kent, 208. Warrenne, Earl, the last baron who submitted to the provisions of Oxford, ii. 35. Joins Prince Edward in support of the royal cause against the earl of Leicester, and the turbulent barons, 45. Commands the van at the battle of Lewes, in conjunction with Edward, 48. Flies beyond sea on the loss of the battle, 49. His reply, when required to show his title to his estate, 75. Defeats the Scots, and takes the Castle of Dunbar, 108. Is left governor of Scotland, 109. Returns to England on account of his health, 121. Collects an army to suppress Wallace, 123. Is defeated by him, 124. Retreats to England, 124. Joins the confederacy of the earl of Lancaster against Piers Gavaston, 149. Warsaw, the battle of, gained by Charles X. of Sweden, v. 455. Warwick, Guy, earl of, confederates with the earl of Lancaster against Piers Gavaston, ii. 149. Seizes Gavaston, who is put to death at Warwick Castle, 150. - -, earl of, left by Henry V. guardian of his infant son, Henry VI., ii. 369. This charge transferred, by parliament, to the bishop of Winchester, 374. -Besieges Montargis, 384. Obliged to raise the siege by the count of Dunois, 385. Becomes regent of.Fiance, by the resignation of the duke of York, 407. Dies, 407.'- -, earl of, distinguished by the appellation of KiTng-maker, his character, ii. 419. Made governor of Calais, 434. Brings over a body of soldiers from thence to the duke of York, who desert to the king, 436. Lands again, and is received at London, 436. Defeats and takes Henry at Northampton, 436. Defeated by Queen Margaret at St. Albans, 440. - His behavior previous to the battle of Touton, 446. Sent by Edward IV. to Paris, to negotiate a marriage with the queen of France's sister, 454. Returns disgusted with Edward's secret marriage with the lady Elizabeth Gray, 454. Makes a party against the king, 465. Gains Edward's brother, the duke of Clarence, over, by giving him his daughter, 456. Confused accounts of their subsequent operations, 458. Raises men, in conjunction with the duke of Clareince, but despairing of success, returns to Calais, 460. Refused admittance by the deputy governor, 460. Received by the king of France, 461. Enters into a league with Queen Margaret, 462. Marries his daughter to her son Edward, 462. Gains over his brother Montague, 463. Lands at Dartmouth, 463. Amazing increase of his army, 464. The king expelled by the treachery of Montague, 464. Reflections on his temporary administration, 469. Defeated and killed at the battle of Barnet, 470. Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, earl of, imprisoned in the Tower by Henry VII., iii. 5.. Carried openly through London. to discountenance the pretensions of Lambert Simnel, 16. Executed 59. i Dudley, Viscount Lisle, created earl of, iii. 322. Attends the duke of Somerset in his expedition against Scotland, 334. Restores the advantage to the English at the battle of Pinkey, 337. Endeavors to foment the differences between Somerset and the admiral, 347. His history and character, 347. Defeats the insurgents in Norfolk,'358. Cabals with Southampton against Somerset, 360. Enters into a bonspiracy against him at Ely House, 362.: Procures Somerset to be sent to the Tower, 363. Becomes the chief of the council, and drives Southampton away disgusted, 363. Marries his son, Lord Dudley, to the lady Jane Seymour, daughter of Somerset, 364. Gardiner and otherbishops deprived of their bishoprics, 368. The libraries of Westminster and Oxford purged of Romish books, 368. Is created duke of Northumberland, 372. See Northumberland..-a, earl of, eldest son of Dudley, duke of Northumberland, takes the Page 549 INDIEX. 49 command of Havre de Grace, for Queen Elizabeth, iv. 55. Prepares to defend it by order from the queen, 60. Is besieged, 60. The garrison infected with the plague, 61. Capitulates, 61. Watches, pocket, when first introduced into England, iv. 370. Welles, Sir Robert, heads an insurrection in Lincolnshire against Edward IV., ii. 460. Defeated and executed by the king, 460. Wentworth, Peter, his spirited speech in the house of commons, in reply to assertions of the regal prerogative, iv. 138. His speech in favor of liberty, 172. Is summoned before a committee of the house in the star chamber, 174. His firm behavior before them, 174. Is released by the queen's favor, 174. Offends the queen again, by resuming the subject of the succession, 278. Is sent to the Tower, 278. Proposes queries to the house of commons, for determining the extent of their privileges, 543. ~1 —-- -—, Sir Thomas, his speech in the third parliament of Charles I., v. 35. Is created earl of Strafford, 65. See Strafford. Weregild, among our Saxon ancestors, what, i. 169. Wessex, the Saxon kingdom in Britain, by whom founded, i. 19. History of, 41. West, Dr., dean of Windsor, sent by Henry VIII. ambassador to James IV. of Scotland, to accommodate differences, iii. 91. Advises Henry to prepare for a war with James, 92. West Indies, the effects resulting from the discovery of, to the English crown and people, iv. 413. The effects on the spirit of the people, 414. Westminster, a synod held there, on the nzairiage of priests, and wearing long hair, i. 258. Another summoned by Henry, bishop of Winchester, against King Stephen, 277. Is erected into a bishopric by Henry VIII., iii. 245. An assembly of divines called there, for the regulation of religion, v. 291. Westmoreland, earl of, suppresses the rebellion of the earl of Nottingham, and archbishop of'York, and takes them prisoners, ii. 335. ---- -- -, earl of, loins the earl of Northumbberland in raising an insurrection in the north, iv. 125. Takeg shelter in Scotland, 126. Westphalia, the peace of the Germanic body settled by the treaty of, v. 455. Wheat, observations on the price of, in the reign of Henry III., ii. 63. Whig, the origin of that name as a party distinction, vi. 219. The plan of that party for settling the government, on the abdication of James II., 357. Whitgift prevails on Queen Elizabeth to establish a court of ecclesiastical commission to prosecute the Puritans, iv. 201. Whitlocke, his remarks on the case of Lord. Strafford, v. 159, His account of the conduct of Charles I., in the negotiation at Oxford, 544. His speech in parliament relative to the self-denying ordinance, 287. Wiat, Sir Thomas, engages in a conspiracy against Queen Mary, on account of the Spanish mntch, iii. 402. A body of Norfolk's troops desert to him, 403. Is suppressed, taken, and executed, 403. Wickham, William of, bishop of Winchester, made chancellor by Richard II., ii. 296. Wickliffe, John, a secular priest, his character, ii. 319. His doctrines, 319. A bull issued by Pope Gregory XI., for taking him into custody, 320. Cited before Courtnay, bishop of London, and protected by the duke of Lancaster, 320. A new bull icsued against him, but is protected by the people, 320. His address in explaining away his tenets, to avoid conviction of heresy, 321i. His opinions spread, both at home and in Germany, 321. Dies of a palsy, 321. See Lollards. Widred, king of Kent, history of his posterity, i. 31. Wilfrid, bishop of Lindisferne, in Northumbria, by appealing to Rome against the decision of an English synod, confirms the pope's suprena acy, i. 48, Page 550 550 INDEX. Wilkins, Bishop, the first promoter of the Royal Society, vi. 372. William I., successor to Rollo, duke of Normandy, improvement of his country in his time, i. 108. -----—, natural son of Robert, duke of Normandy, declared his successor by his father, i. 132. Makes good his pretensions at his father's death, 132. Visits Edward the Confessor, who entertains favorable intentions of leaving him the succession, 133. Gets Harold in his possession, and engages him to swear a renunciation of his own pretensions, and to assist William in his, 135. Sends ambassadors to expostulate with Harold on his breach of faith, 139. Projects an invasion, 140. Situation of Europe at that period, 141. His successful levies, 142. His address in raising supplies, 144. Review of his forces, 144. Embarks, 146. Lands in Sussex, 146. Waits for Harold at Hastings, 148.. His address to his chieftains, the morning of action, 148. Order of battle, 149. Battle of Hastings, 149. Losses in the action, 151. Consequences of the battle, 178. Seizes Dover, 179. Receives the submission of the Londoners, 180.. - the Conqueror, crowned at Westminster Abbey, i. 181. Gratifies his troops out of the treasure of Harold, and the gifts of his new subjects, 182. His kind treatment of Edgar Atheling 183. Confirms the liberties of London, 183. Disarms them, and places all the power in the hands of Normans, 184. Takes the English nobility with him to Normandy, 184. Conjectures as to the motives of his journey there, 186. Returns on account of insurrections during his absence, 187. Reduces Exeter, 188. Builds a citadel there, 188. Reduces Edwin and Morcar in the north, 189. His rigorous government, 190. This the occasion of several insurrections, 191. Reduces them, 193. His cruel policy, and tyrannical government, 193. Introduces the feudal law, 195. Subjects the church to it, 196. Receives Ermenfroy, the pope's legate, 197. Degrades and imprisons Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, 198. Promotes Lanfranc to Canterbury, 198. Attempts to suppress the English lan guage, -200. Repels Malcolm, king of Scotland, and receives homage from him, 201. Reduces a rebellion in the province of Maine, 202. The Normanbarons rebel against him, 202. Suppressed, 204. His resolute answer to the claims of Pope Gregory VII., 208. His eldest son, Robert, rebels against him, 211. Extraordinary rencounter between them, 211. Is reconciled to him, 212. Causes a survey of all England to be made, 212. Account of Domesday Book, 212. Computation of his revenue, 213. Wastes Hampshire, to make the new forest, 214. Imprisons his brother, Bishop Odo, 215. Makes war against France, 215. Occasion of his death, and his remorse, 216. Predicts the future grandeur of his son Henry, 216. His character, 216; His title of Conqueror defended, 217. His family, 219. Inquiry into his supposed revenues and treasure, 331. His vast grants to his chieftains in England, 450..:- -RRufus, his accession to the crown of England, 220. His tyrannical disposition, 221. Quells an insurrection raised against him, 221. His arbitrary administration, 222. Invades Normandy, 223. Makes peace with his brother, 223. Assists him to reduce their brother Henry, 224. Invades Normandy again, 225. Obtains a mortgage on it from his brother Robert, 231. Anecdotes showing his indifferency about religion, 231. Appoints Anselm to the archbishopric of Canterbury, 232. Opposes Urban in his pretensions to the papacy, 234. Confiscates Anselm's temporalities, 234. Embarks for Normandy to rescue Mlans, 236. Accidentally killed by Walter Tyirel, 237. Hiis character, 237 A famine caused by the neglect of tillage on account of %his oppressive taxes, 462. --, son of Robert, duke of Normandy, committed by Henry I. to the tutorage of -elie de St. Saen, i. 259. Protected by Fulk, count of Anjou, 259. Marries his daughter, 263. - Put in possession of Flanders. 264. Killed, 264. Page 551 INDEX. 551 William, eldest son of King Henry I., contracted with the daughter of Fulk, count of Anjou, i. 259. Recognized his successor, 261. Drowned in his passage from Normandy to England, 26-1. His sentiments regarding the English, 262. king of Scotland, joins the confederacy of Prince Henry against his father, Henry II., i. 339. Repulsed by Richard de Lucy, guardian of the kingdom, 342. Commits depredations again in the northern provinces, 343. Taken prisoner by Ralph de Granville, 344. Does homag% to Henry, with all his nobility, for his ransom and crown, 346. -..- II., king of Naples and Sicily, how he bequeathed his dominions, i. 371. - de Eynsford, excommunicated by Thomas a Becket, i. 300. Absolved by the king's order, 300. -of Poictiers, his character of the English nobility who attended William the Conqueror to Normandy, i. 184. Williams, bishop of Lincoln, his severe prosecution in the star chamberby Archbishop Laud, v. 85. Is insulted by the populace when archbishop of York, 204. Calls a meeting of his brethren, and presents a protestation to the king and his peers, 204. Willis, Sir Richard, betrays the designs of the royalists, during the protectorate, to Oliver Cromwell, v. 468. Discovers a conspiracy to the pro. tector, 482. Betrays to the long parliament a design formed to restore Charles II., 496. Willoughby, Lord, governor of Paris, unable to maintain it, retires to the Bastile, ii. 405. Capitulates, 405. of Broke, Lord, sent by Henry VII. to the assistance of the duchess of Brittany, iii. 30. Finds the court in a distracted state, 30. Returns home without effecting any thing, 30. Wiltshire, Sir Thomas Boleyn created earl of, and sent by Henry VIII. to the pope, whose foot he refuses to kiss, iii. 184. Winchelsey, Robert de, archbishop of Canterbury, procures Pope Boniface to publish a bull exempting the clergy from paying taxes to princes without the papal consent, ii. 111. His reply to Edward I., on a demand of supply from the clergy, 111. His treatment, on the clergy being excluded from all protection of the laws, 112. The king appoints him and Reginald de Grey tutors to Prince Edward, 115. Joins the confederacy of \the earl of Lancaster againist Piers Gavaston, 149. Winchester, a synod summoned there, concerning the celibacy of the clergy, i. 209. Henry, bishop of, brother to King Stephen, calls a svnod, and cites Stephen before it, i. 277. Encourages the pretensions of the empress Matilda, 278. Declares openly in her favor,- 280. His speech at her coronation, 280. Instigates the Londoners against Stephen, 281. Besieges Matilda in Winchester, 282. His legatine commission withdrawn, 283, Pronounces sentence against Becket, at the council of Northampton, 308. _. -.-., Henry Beaufort, bishop of, the legitimated son of John of Gaunt, intrusted by parliament with the tutorage of the young king Henry VI., ii. 374. - His character, 383. His disputes witth the dukeof Gloucester, compromised by the duke of Bedford, regent of France, 383. Created a cardinal, and sent with men into Bohemia against the Hussites, which he lends to the duke of Bedford[397. Attends the congress at Arras, 403. His disputes with the duke of Gloucester, throws the English affairs into -confusion, 404. His arguments in favor of releasing the duke of Orleans, 408. Advises a truce with France, 408. Contrives the ruin of the duke of Gloucester, 411. Dies, 412. H-ub., -Peter des Roches, bishop of, is choseen joint protector with tHubert de Burgh, chief justiciary, on the death of the earl of Pembroke, ii. 8. His character, and anecdotes of him, 15. Succeeds Hubert de'Bugh in his offices, and influence over the king, 15 The barons comr Page 552 082 INDEX, bine against him, 15. His insolent speech with regard to them, 16. HiI dismission procured by Edmond, the primate, 16. Windebank, Sir Francis, secretary, flies to France, to avoid impeachment by the long parliament, v. 133. Windham, Colonel, secretes Charles II., after the battle of Wrorcester, v 419. Windsor Castle, by whom built, ii. 269. Winter, is sent by Queen Elizabeth with a fleet to the assistance of the Protestant malecontents in Scotland, iv. 27. Winwood, Sir Ralph, secretary of state to James I., discovers to the king that Sir Thomas Overbury was poisoned by Somerset and his lady, iv. 436. Wishart, the Scots reformer, an account of, iii. 331. Is condemned and burnt for heresy, 332. His prophetic denunciation against Cardinal Beaton, 332. His prophecy, how accomplished, 333. Witchcraft, and conjuration, a law against, iv. 58. Witches, numbers burnt under that accusation in Scotland, v. 409. The discovery of, studied as a science, 409. Wittenagemot, the ancient Saxon council of parliament, particulars relating to, and conjectures concerning, i. 154. The commons no part of, 155. Woden, the Saxon god of war, some account of, i. 23. Wolf here, king of Mercia, his history, i. 37. Wolsey, Thomas, his birth, iii. 92. How introduced to the notice of Henry VII., 92. His address in executing a commission from that king to MIaximilian, 92. Introduced to Henry VIII. by Fox, bishop of Winchester, 93. Encourages Henry in his pleasures, 93. The maxims of government he instils into him, 93. Admitted of the privy council, 94. His character, 94. Put in possession of the bishopric of Tournay, 99. Created bishop of Lincoln, 102. Reconciles Henry with the duke of Suffolk, who had married his sister, the queen dowager of France, privately, 106. Is promoted to the see of York, 107. Shares the revenues of the Italian non-resident bishops, 107. His magnificence, 108. Is made chancellor, 108. His disgusts against Francis I. of France, 114. His confidence courted by Bonnivet, the French ambassador, 115. Is induced to persuade Henry to deliver up Tournay, 116. Is believed to have intended the delivery of Calais to the French, 117. Is appointed legate in England, 117. His ostentation, 117. His arbitrary exertions of power, 118. Character of John Allen, judge of his legatine court, 118. His power restrained by the king, 119. Is inspired with the hopes of the papacy by the emperor, Charles V., when in England, 122. Regulates the ceremonial of the interview between Henry and Francis, to which he had persuaded Henry, 122. The, emperor's grants to him at his second interview with Henry at Gravelines, 125. His enormous revenues, 125. His negotiations for peace between the emperor and Francis ineffectual, 125. Goes to Bruges, and concludes an alliance between Henry, the emperor, and the pope, against Francis, 125, 126. Procures the condemnation of the duke of Buckingham, 126. Intimidates the convocation into the grant of a moiety of ecclesiastical revenues, 141. His endeavors to procure the required grants from the commons, 141. His arbitrary behavior to the citizens of London, 456. Obtains of Clement VII. the legatine commission for life, 142. His resentment against the emperor, on missing the papacy, 142. Erects two colleges, with other ecclesiastical regulations, 142. Receives a present covertly from Louise, regent of France, on the conclusion of her treaty with Henry, 152. Advises the king to exert his prerogative in levying taxes, 152. Becomes odious for his bad counsels and oppressive conduct, 154. Builds the palace of Hampton Court, and presents it to the king, 154. Goes over to France, and makes a treaty with Francis, 160. Is appointed by the pope to, try the king's, marriage, jointly with Cardinal Campeggio, Page 553 I-NDEX., 170. The trial opened, 172. Abruptly prorogued by Campeggio, 17A, The great seal taken from him, 176. Is ordered to depart from York Palace, and his movables there confiscated by the king, 176. His want of fortitude on his disgrace, 176. Is prosecuted in the star chamber, 177. The peers exhibit a long charge against him, 177. Is warmly defended by Thomas Cromwell in the house of commons, 177. Is prosecuted on the statute of provisors, 177. Is pardoned by the king, 178. Is arrested by the earl of Northumberland for high treason, 18o. His dying request to the constable of the Tower, 185. His death, and a review of his conduct, 186. Used no severities against the reformers, 206. Wolves, how exterminated from England, i. 97. Woodville, Lord, applies umLsuccessfully to Henry VII., for liberty to raise men to assist the duke of Brittany, iii. 27. Raises a few privately, 27. IRouted and slain by the French, 27. Wool, a duty granted to Edward I., on the exportation of, ii. 74. Oppressive extortions practised by him on the traders in, 113. Duties'laid on, by parliament, 201. The great trade in, at the time of Edwvard III., 273. The staple of, where fixed in this reign, 275. The price of, during the reign of James I., iv. 510. Laws relating to, in this reign, 515. Woollen manufacture, taxed by parliament, iii. 463. - clothes, state of the English manufacture of, in the reign of Jamnes I., iv. 515. The art of dyeing, when introduced into England, vi. 370. Women, a body of, petition the long parliament, v. 212. A mob of, rout a synod at Perth, 555. Worcester, burnt by order of Hardicanute, i. 122. Charles II. routed there by Cromwell, v. 417. -, John Tibetot, earl of, his character, ii. 466. Taken and executed by the Lancastrians, 466. Wotton, Dr., is one of Queen Elizabeth's ambassadors at the treaty of Cateau Calubresis, iv. 13. Signs the treaty of Edinburgh with Cecil, on the p.art of Elizabeth, 28. Is sent ambassador again to Scotland, 212. His character, 213. Is forced to fly from Scotland on ac-count of his political schemes, 214. Wounds, the legal composition for, among our Saxon ancestors, i. 170. Wrecks, law made by Henry II. to secure the property of, i. 361. Wriotheseley is made chancellor of England, iii. 301. His cruelty in torturing Anne Ascue for heresy, 302. Persuades Henry to impeach Queen Catharine Par for heresy, 303. Comes to convey the queen to the Tower, and is abused by Henry, 304. Is a pointed one of the regency during the mlillority of Edward VI., 320. ~s created earl of Southampton, 322. See Southampton. Writers, English, a review of those during the reign of Charles I. and the succeeding commonwealth, v. 529. During the reign of Charles II., vi. 373. Writs to parliament, the ancient establishment of summoning barons by, ii. 98. Wycherley, a character of his dramatic writings, vi. 376. Yelverton, his fiee speech in the house of commons, on Elizabeth's invasion of their privileges, iv. 135. —, a lawvyer, his speech on being chosen speaker of the house of colmmoniuls, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 549. Yeomen of the guard, first institution of, iii. 7. York, city of, its size at the time of the Norman conquest, i. 162. Burnt 192. The Norman garrison put to the sword, 192. A court of justice erected there by Henry VIII., iii. 239. The chapter lands of that see seized'by Henry VIII., 274. A great council of peers summoned there by Charles I., v. 123. Is besieged by the parliamentary army, but relieved by Prince Rupert, 275. Is obliged to surrender after the battle of Marston Moor, 277. VOL. VI. 47 H Page 554 5654 MNDERX. York and Lancaster, the parties of, how distinguished, ii. 45M. New. See New York. archbishop of, executed for rebellion by Henry IV., ii. 336...--—,'duke of, uncle to Richard II., left guardian of the realm during Richard's absence in Ireland, ii. 308. Raises forces against Henry, duke of Lancaster, but espouses his party, 308., Richard, duke of, son to the earl of Cambridge, appointed successor to the duke of Bedford as regent of France, ii. 404. Finds the English affairs in France in a declining way, 405. Resigns his government to the earl of Warwick, 407. Resumes it on the earl's death, 407. Concludes a truce with the duke of Burgundy, 407. His pretensions to the crown of England, 417. His character, 417. His pretensions, how regarded, 419. Driven fo the assertion of his claim, 426. Motives which retarded his having recourse to arms, 429. Raises an army, demanding a reformation of government, 430. Is followed into Kent by the king, and retires, after a parley, 430. Created lieutenant of the kingdom, with a power to hold parliaments, 432. Made protector by the parliament during pleasure, 432. His moderation, and in what respect hurtful, 432. Levies arms against the king, and battle of St. Albans, 433. A formal reconciliation among the partisans of York and Lancaster, 435. Retreats to Ireland, 436. Returns and opens his pretensions to parliament, 437. His right of succession and present administration acknowledged, 438. Defeated an.d killed by Queen Margaret at Wakefield, 440. His son, the earl of Rutland, murdered by Lord Clifford, 440., Edward, duke of, defeats the earl of Pembroke at Mortimer's Cross, ii. 440. Enters London, and procures a popular election to the crown, 442. See Edward IV. J-, James, duke of, second son of Charles I., serves in the French and Austrian armies during his brother's exile, v. 480. A present voted him by parliament on his brother's restoration, 517. Takes command of the fleet which carried his brother over t~ England, as lord high admiral, 518. Seduces the daughter of Lord Clarendon, vi. 10. Marries her, 10. Becomes a zealous Catholic, 31. His motives for desiring a Dutch war, 37. Commands a fleet, and defeats Opdam, the Dutch admiral, 40. His behavior on this engagement justified, 41. His duchess dies a Catholic, and he now openly professes the same religion, 92. Is, with the French fleet, attacked by De Ruyter at Solebay, 102. Is set aside by the test act, 118. Maintains an intimate correspondence with the king of France, 129. His daughter, the lady Mary, married to the prince of Orange, 15C Obtains an exception from the new test act, 187. Retires to Brussels, 196. Bill of exclusion passed against him by the commons, 203. ReI. turns, and retires to Scotland, 216. The earl of Shaftesbury presents him to the grand jury of Middlesex as a Popish recusant, 220. The exclusion bill resumed, 225. Arguments urged for and against his exclusion from the succession, 225. Holds a parliament in Scotland, 250. His cruel administration there, 253. Sues Pilkington, sheriff of London, for defamation, 257. His daughter, the lady Anne, married to Prince George of Denmark, 277. Is restored to the office of lord high admiral, 277. His accession to the crown, 285. See James II. Yorkshire, insurrection there, in Edward IV.'s time, ii. 457. Checked by the lord Montague, 458. Joined by leaders of distinction, 458. Defeated at Banbury, 458. Mutual executions, 458. No particulars to be found how it was quelled, 459. Ypres taken by Lewis XIV., vi. 154. Yvree, battle of, between Henry IV. of France, and the generals of the Catholic league, iv. 274. Zuylestein, his commission to England, and the consequences of it, n 335. Is sent by the prince of Orange to forbid King James returning ti London, 351. Page .Phillips, Sampson,' Cbo.'s Publications. 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