Page 381 
GENERAL INDEX. N. B. The Romnal numerals direct to the volume, and the figures 
to thez age ABBEY lands,
the-immediate inconveniencies resulting from their aliena tion into lay hands at 
the reformnation, iii. 3;54. Abbeys, their rich
revenues, iii. 245. The hospitality exercised by them 245. See Monasteries. 
Abbot, Archbishop, is suspended and confined,
for refiusing to license Sib thorp's sermon on general loans, t. 22. Is employed 
by the lords tc moderate the pretens.o is of
the commons, in the petition of right, 49. Abbots, are excluded from their seats 
in the house of lords, iii. 261. See
_Monasteries. Abhorrers, and petitioners, an account of the origin of those 
party distinctions, vi. 218. The former
persecuted, and the latter countenanced, by the house of commons, 221. Acadie is 
yielded to the French by the treaty of
Breda, vi. 55. Acca, daughter of Ella, king of Deori, is married to Ethelfrid, 
king of Bernicia, i. 20. Acre, a city in Palestine,
besieged by the Christians, i. 374. Taken by the assistance of Richard I. of 
England, and Philip of France, 375. Tb prisoners
butchered, 381. Adela, daughter of King WVilliam the Conqueror, her issue, 
showing tI. foundation of King Stephen's
pretensions, i. 270. Adelfrid, king of Bernicia, establishes the kingdom of 
Northumberland, 20, 31. Great slaughter of British
monks by, 32. Destroys the vas monastery of Bangor, 32. Defeated and killed by 
Redwald, king of the East Angles, 33.
Adjournment of parliament, distinction between that by the king, and of the 
house of commons by themselves, v. 59, n.
Admiral, lord high, an account of those who filled that post during the reign of 
James I., iv. 495. Those in the reign of
Charles I., v. 384. Adrian, emperor, builds his famous rampart between Britain 
and Caledonia, i. 8. Completed by 5everus,
8. -- III., an English pope, his motives for making a grant of Ireland to Henry 
II. of England, i. 329..... V'I., pope, his
conduct towards the reformers, iii. 135. Dies, 142. Adultery, the legal 
composition for, amongc our Saxon ancestors, i. 170.
2Ella, a Saxon, defeats the Britons, and settles in Sussex, i. 18. See Sussex. 
—, another Saxon of that name, is made king of
DeYri, i. 20. ZEtius, why unable to listen to the embassy of the Britons for 
asslstance, i. 11. Agitators, or representatives of
the army, in a military parliament, chosen, v. 334 Send Cortnet Joyce to seize 
the king at lHoldenbv, 335. Their meetings
forbid by Cronlwell, 35{). Disorders committed by them, 394. Are suppressed by 
the generals, 395. Agnes Sorel, mistress
of Charles VII., assists the queen in recovering him from his dejection on the 
siege of Orleans, ii. 388. 

Page 382 
382 INDEX. Agricola, Julius, finally subdues the Britons, as far as Caledonia, 
i. 7. HoW he secured their subjection, 7. His
civil institutions, 7. Agriculture, evidence of the bad state of, in the time of 
Henry VIII., iii. 317. Statet cf, during the reign of
James I., iv. 520. Aix la Chapelle, treaty of, in result of the triple alliance, 
vi. 66. A-lasco, John, a Polish nobleman, being
expelled, turns Protestant preacher, and takes refuge with his-congregation in 
England, iii. 370. Is protected by the council,
370. Is forced to leave England at the accession of Queen Mary, 394. Albano, the 
pope's legate, excommunicates Prince
Richard, son of Henry II., for rebelling against his father, i. 356. Albany, 
duke of, brother to Robert III., king of Scotland,
assumes the administration, ii. 337. Enjoys the regal power by the death of his 
brother and the captivity of his nephew, 337.
Sends forces to the dauphin of France, who defeat and kill the duke of Clarence, 
367. Dies, 377. Character of his son
Murdac, 377. - -, duke of, is invited over by the influence of Lord Hume, to 
accept the regency of Scotland. iii. 10. The
state of the kingdom as it appeared to him at his arrival, 110. Is prejudiced 
against Hume by the enemies of that nobleman,
111. The young king carried off by his mlother, 111. Lord Hume makes war against 
him, and is put to death by him, 112.
Goes over to France. 112. Returns to Scotland, 138. Concludes a truce with the 
English, and returns to France, 138.
Comes back, but his operations against England disconcerted, 140. Leaves 
Scotland finally, 140. Albemarle, earl of,
foments a rebellion of the barons against Henry III., ii. 9. Loses Rockingham 
Castle, but gains Fotheringay, and others, 9. Is
excommunicated by Pandolf the legate, 9. Submits, and is pardoned, 9. ~-, 
General Monk created duke of, vi. 2. Procures
the condemnation of Argyle, 15. Engages the Dutch admirals for four days, 
46.'His death and character, 89, sn. Albert and
Theodin appointed legates to inquire into the murder of Thomas a Becket, i. 333. 
Their accommodation with~ienry II. on
the account of it, 334. Absolve him, 335. Albigenses, who they were, i. 415. A 
crusade against them published by Pope
Innocent III., 415. Exterminated, 415. Albiney, William de, defends the Castle 
of Rochester for the barons against King
John, i. 435. Is obliged to surrender, 435. Alcuin, a clergyman, sent by Offa, 
king of Mercia, to the emperor Charlemagne,
and becomes his preceptor in the sciences, i. 39. Alderman and earl, synonymous 
terms in the Saxon laws and annals, 1.
155, 478. Aldred, archbishop of York, crowns King Harold, i. 139. Crowns William 
the Conqueror, 181. Dies of grief,
198. Ale, its price in the reign of Henry III., ii. 64. Alencon, besieged 
by-John, king of England, i. 402. The siege raised by
the address of Philip of France, 402. duke of, created duke of Anjou, iv. 184. 
Alexander II., pope, his motives for declaring
in favor of the Norman invasion, i. 143, 197. Sends Ermenfroy, legate to William 
the Conqueror, 197. III., pope, driven
from Rome by the anti-pope, Victor IV., i. -294. Abject honors paid to, by the 
kings of France and England, 295. Deceives
the intentions of Henry II., in the grant of a legatine commission, 306. His 
honorable reception of Archbishop Becket, and
cold behavior to Henry's embassy, 312. Attempts by his nuncios to reconcile 
them, 317. Appeased by Henry's submissions
on the occasion of Becket's murder, 325. Canonizes Becket, 326. Issues bulls at 
Henry's desire against his sons, 338. IV.,
pope, publishes a crusade against Sicily,ii 24. Wis levie1 

Page 383 
INDEX. 383 on the English clergy to carry it on, 24 Threatens the kingdom with 
an interdict for non-payment of his
demanlds, 25. Alexander VI., pope, sends a nuncio to engage Henry VII. of 
England in a crusade against the Turks, iii. 60.
--------- III., king of* Scotland, espouuses the sister of Edward I. of England, 
ii. 89. His death, 80. Alexis Comnenus,
emperor of Greece, his policy to get rid of the crusa. ders, i. 239. Alfordt 
encounter there, between Montrose and Baillie, v.
306. Alfred, accompanies his father Ethelwolf in his pilgrimage to Rome, i. 55. 
Assists his brother King Ethered against the
Danes, 57. Succeeds to the crown, 58. Is anointed at Ronie by Pope Leo III., 59. 
Progress of his education, 59. Is worsted
by the Danes, 60. Fights several battles with them, 60. Forced to relinquish his 
dominions in the disguise of a peasant, 61.
Anecdote of him during this concealment, 62. Collects some retainers in a secret 
retreat, 62. Sallies and routs the Danes, 63.
Enters their camp disguised like a harper, 63. Defeats them again, and admits 
them to settle, 64. His civil institutions, 65, 71.
Forms a naval force, 66. Routs Hastings the Dane, 66. Routs Sigefert the 
Northumbrian pirate, 69. His character, 69. State
of the nation at the defeat of the Danes, 70. Divides England into districts for 
the easy execution of justice, 71. The modes of
justice established by him, 71. Appoints juries for judicial decisions, 72. His 
regard for the liberties of his people, 74.
His-care for the advancement of learning, 74. His economy of his time, 75. How 
he inculcated morality, 75. His literary
performances, 75. His attention to the promotion of arts, manufactures, and 
dommerce, 76. His great reputation abroad, 76.
His children, 76. Alfred, a Saxon nobleman, accused of conspiring against King 
Athelstan, his extraordinary fate, i. 79.
Alfric, duke of Mercia, his infamous character and history, i. 102. 
Treacherously saves the Danish fleet, 102. Another
instance of his perfidy, 110. Algiers is compelled'to peace by Admiral Blake, v. 
460. Alice Pierce becomes the favorite of
Edward III., but is removed from court, ii. 264. Allen, John, his character, 
iii. 118. Is made judge of Cardinal Wolsey's
legatine court, 118. Is prosecuted and convicted of iniquity, 119. Alliance, 
triple, formed against Louis XIV., vi. 65. Allison,
his cruel prosecution in the star chamber for slander, v. 80. Allodial and 
feudal possessions, the difference between,
explained, and the preference of the latter in the early ages shown, i. 444. 
Alnwick, William, king of Scotland, defeated and
taken prisoner there by the English, i. 344. Altar removed from the wall into 
the middle of the church by the first English
reformers, iv. 117. Alva, duke of, concerts with Philip of Spain, Catharine de 
Medicis, and the cardinal of Lorraine, a
massacre of the French Protestants, iv. 471. See Hugonots and Medicis. Enters 
into a negotiation with the earl of
Northumberland for an insurrection in England, 125. Is employed by Philip to 
oppress the Flemings, 148. His character,
148. His cruelties, 149. Some money sent for him from Genoa, seized by Queen 
Elizabeth, 149. Revenges himself on the
English merchants, 149. His cruel extortions on the Flemings, 150. Attempts to 
disturb the English government in favor of
Mary, queen of Scots, 151. Revolt of Holland and Zealand, 165. Condemns the 
p-ince of Orange as a rebel, and
confiscates his pos. sessions, 165. His crutelty on reducing Harlem, 166. Is 
finally repulsed at Alcmaer, and solicits to be
recalled from the Low Countries, 166. Boasts of his infamous conduct, 166. 
Amboyna, cruelties practised by the Dutch
towards the English factors there, v. 517. Why this injury was not properly 
resented, 617. Aimbrosius commands the
Britons against Hlengist, - 16 

Page 384 
884 INDEX. Amerciaments, the arbitrary manner of imposing, by the Anglo-Norman 
kings, i. 469. America, when first
discovered, iii. 75. Great alterations in'he European nations in consequence of 
this discovery, 75. The different claims made
oy the European nations to their discoveries in. iv. 449. Colonies established 
there by James I., 518. Amiens, the states of
France summoned there by Louis XI., on the appeal to him by Henry III., and the 
barons of England, ii. 45. The appeal
decided in favor of Henry, 46. Treaty of alliance there, between the dukes of 
Bedford, Burgundy, and Brittany, 377.
Ancient history, causes of the uncertainty of, pointed out, i. 1, 14. Ancram, 
battle of, iii. 295. Angles, who, and where
they-settled in Britain, i. 17, 19. Anglesey, attacked by Suetonius Paulinus, i. 
6. The Druids destroyed there, 6. Anglia, East,
history of the Saxon kingdom of, i. 36. Anglo-Normuan government, the executive 
power of, where lodged, i. 457. The
judicial power, how distributed, 457. The crown revenue, in what it consisted, 
460. Talliages levied by, 461. Angus, earl of,
marries Margaret, widow of James IV. of Scotland, iii. 109. She gets a divorce 
from him, and marries again, 199. Is forced
to fly into England by the young king, 200. Joins the English army against James 
Vf. of Scotland, 279. Returns to Scotland,
and takes part with the earl of Arran, against Cardinal Beaton, 283. Conducts 
the retreat of the Scots army from the English
on the flight of Arran, 295. Inspires Arran with resolution to face the English 
again, who are defeated at Ancram, 295.
Commands the van at the battle of Pinkey, 336. Anjou, duke of, brother to 
Charles IX. of France, defeats and kills the
prince of Conde at the battle of Jarnac, iv. 143. Defeats Coligni at 
Montcontour, 144. Is proposed as a husband to
Elizabeth, queen of England, 145. Is elected king of Poland, 162. Takes 
possession of the crown of France, on the death of
his brother Charles, 162. See IIenry III. of France., the duke of Alenqon 
created duke of, iv. 184. Sends over Simier to
prosecute his suit with Queen Elizabeth, 184. See Simier. Pays Elizabeth a 
private visit, 185. Articles for his marriage
prepared, 185. Is sent in the service of the states to the Low Countries, 186. 
His operations there, 187. Comes over to
England, 187. Receives a ring from Elizabeth, 187. The queen breaks off the 
match with him, 189. Is ex peiled the
Netherlands, returns home and dies, 190. Anlaf heads the Danish pirates against 
King Athelstan, i. 81. His stratagem to gain
intelligence in Athelstan's camp, 81. Athelstan's prudent conduct on the 
occasion, 81. Annates, an act of parliament passed
by Henry VIII. against levying, iii. 187. Anne, sister of the emperor 
Winceslaus, and queen of Richard II., her ineffectual suit
to the duke of Gloucester in favor of Sir Simon Burley, ~ii. 295., Princess, 
lady of Beaujou, her character'iii. 22. Vested
with the government of France during the minority of Charles VIII., 22. The 
administration disputed by Lewis, duke of
Orleans, 22. M1otives of her embassy to Henry-VII. of England. 24. of Cleves, is 
sent over to be married to Henry. VIII.
of Engla nd. iii. 26t. Henry sees her privately, and is disgusted with her, 260. 
Is nevertheless married by him, 261. Is
divorl-ed from Henry, 265. Her insensibility under this treatment, 265. R iuses 
to return hoine, 265. -, Lady, daughter of
James, duke of York narried to Prince George of Denimark, vi. 277. Deserts with 
her hush: ad to the priTle o' Or',nure,
345. Is declared successor to the cirows on'atilure of the issue 6f hex sister 
Mary, 362. 

Page 385 
INDEX. 385 Aknselm, a Norman abbot, appointed archbishop of Canterbury, by 
William Itufus, i. 232. Opposes the
violences of the king, 233. Preaches sue cessfully against the then fashionable 
modes of dress, 233. Espouses the
pretensions of Urbani to'he papacy, 234. In what imanner he furnished his quota 
of soldiers demanded by the king for his
expedition against Wales, 234. Retires to Rome, and his temporalities 
confiscated, 234. Assists at the council of Bar-i, 235.
Recalled by Henry I., 245. Refuses homage to him, 246. Assists at a council to 
debate on the king's intended marriage, 246:
Acquires the king's confidence, 218. Procures an accommodation between the king 
and his brother Robert, 248. Refuses to
consecrate the bishops invested by Henry, 254. Retires to Rome, and his revenues 
again confiscated, 254. Returns to his
monastery in Normandy, 254. Compromise with, 258. Antonio, Don, prior of Crato, 
solicits assistance from Engiana to
assert his pretensions to the crown of.Portugal, iv. 266. Obtains a smiall 
fleet. 267. The expedition fails, 268. Antwerp,
joyful reception of the English merchants there, on the renewal of commerce with 
Flanders by Henry VII., iii. 55. A revolt of
the Prot estants there, against the Catholic worship, iv. 148. The insurgentt 
suppressed by the prince of Orange, 148.
Appeals, from inferior to superior courts, how appointed by the laws of Alfied, 
i. 72. From the barons' courts, how
regulated by parliament, in the reign of Henry III., ii. 63. To Rome, forbid by 
parliament, iii. 191 From chancery to the house
of peers, first canme into practice, iv. 460. Apprentices of London petition the 
long parliament, v. 212. Arcemboldi, a
Genoese bishop, farms the sale of indulgences in Saxony, of Magdalene, Pope Leo 
s sister, iii. 131. Appoints the preaching
of them to the Dominicans, 131. See Indulgences, and Luther. Archangel, a 
passage to, discovered, and a trade opened
with Muscovy, iv. 365. Archy, the king's fool, loses his place for exercising 
his wit on Archbishop Laud, v. 88. Ardres,
interview between Henry VIII. of England and Francis I. of France, in a plain 
near, iii. 123. Grand tournament held by them
there, 124. Argyle, earl of, with his son Lord Lorne, enters into the 
association of reformers,called the Congregation of the
Lord, iv.16. Attends the queen regent in her attempt to suppress the Protestant 
riots, 21. Signs the new covenant of the
Congregation, 23. Enters into a conspiracy against Mary at Stirling, 68. Is 
forced to fly into England, 70. Is invited back by
Darnley, 74. Is reconciled to the queen, 75. _~p ——, earl of, his character, v. 
106. Subscribes to the covenant, 106.
Deserts his army at the approach of Montrose, 305. Refuses any intimacy with 
Charles II. on his arrival in Scotland,. 409.
Submits to the commonwealth, 425. Is tried and executed, vi. 14. - earl of. See 
Lorne. Is again condemned for
leasing-making, vi. 251. Escapes to Holland, 252. Engages in the duke of 
Monmouith's conspiracy, 263. Urges Monmouth
to rebel against James II., 293. Invades Scotland, 301. Is taken and executed, 
302. Arians, two burnt during the reign of
James I., iv. 500. Arlington, Bennet, earl of, made secretary of state by 
Charles II., vi. 33. Becomes one of the cabal
ministry, 82. His character, 83. Is sent to Holland, to treat with Lewis XIV. 
concerning peace with the states, 108. Armada,
the invincible one of Spain, preparations for the equipment of, iv. 254. Sails 
from Lisbon, and is scattered by a storm, 259.
Its strength when repaired, 260. Makes an unsuccessful attack on the English 
fleet, 262. Is attacked and disconcerted
at-Calais by the English admiral, 262. Sails northward on its return home, and 
is destroyed by a storm:, 263. Armagnacs
and Burgundians, these party denominations in France explained, and the troubles 
occasioned thereby, ii. 352, 360. VOL.
VI. 33 H 

Page 386 
386 INDEX. Armies, standing, the first rise of, iii. 75. When first introduced 
into England, vi. 9. Number of standing forces
kept up from the restoration to the revolution, 369. Arminianism is persecuted 
in the United Provinces, iv. 421. Reflections
on the opinion of, 503. Is attacked by the house of commons, v. 57. -Armorica. 
See Brittany. Arms, coats of, custom of
using them first introduced into Europe during the crusades, i. 393. Armstrong, 
Sir Thomas, is seized and executed without
trial, for engaging in the duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, vi. 273. Army, feudal, 
its disadvantages, ii. 95. Becomes disused
in favor of a mercenary one, 96. -, rarliamentary, first raised, and the command 
givern to the earl of Essex, v. 223. See its
operations under the respective generals, Essex, Fairfax, Manchester, etc. 
Mutiny of, 332. Forms a military parliament, 334.
Seizes the king, 335. Chooses Cromwell general, 336. Is marched to St. Albans, 
337. Enters into a negotiation with the
parliament, 340. Accuses the Presbyterian leaders in parliament of high treason, 
341. Removes to Reading, after obtaining
its demands, 342. Marches back to Hounslow Heath, where the speakers of the two 
houses arrive, and implore its
protection, 345. Arrives in London, and reinstates the speakers, 346. Schemes 
of, for settling the nation, 350. Is reduced to
obedience by Cromwell, 361. Subdues the scattered parties of royalists, 359. For 
its future operations, see Cromwell. Is
disbanded at the restoration, vi. 6. Army, Scots. See Leven, earl of Lesley, 
Montrose, and Scotland. Arran, James, earl of,
his pretensions to the administration of Scotland during the minority of Mary, 
daughter of James V., iii. 282. Opposes and
confines Cardinal Beaton, 283. Contracts the infant queen to Prince Edward of 
England,.283. Evades the demand of the
stipulated hos tages, made by Sadler, the English ambassador, 284. Attempts to 
seize the young queen, but fails, and enters
into an accommodation, 286. Renounces the reformed religion, 289. Attaches 
himself to Beaton in opposition to Lennox,
289. Forces Lennox to fly to England, 292. His feeble opposition to the English 
incursions, 295. The English defeated at
Ancram, 295. Ravages the borders of England, 296. Refuses to concur in the 
execution of Wishart, the reformer, 332.
Engages the duke of Somerset at Pinkey, 336. Receives succors from France, 342. 
Obtains a pension from France, and is
created duke of Chatelrault, 343.. -See Chatelrault. ----—, James Stuart of 
Ochiltree, made earl of, iv. 190. The king taken
from the power of him and Lennox, by an association of Scots nobility, 190. Is 
confined to his own house, 191. Is recalled
to court, on the king's escape, 196. His violent, tyrannical conduct, 197. Is 
degraded from his authority, and deprived of-his
title and estate, 197. Arras, congress at, between Charles VII. of France and 
the dukes of Bedford and Burgundy, ii. 403.
Array, commissions of, issued by Charles I. in opposition to the militia under 
parliamentary authority, v. 222. Arteville,
James de, a brewer at Ghent, becomes a leader of the populace against the 
Flemish nobility, ii. 196. Is employed by
Edward III. of England to bring the Flemings to assist his pretensions on the 
crown of France, 197. His death, 229. Arthur,
prince of the Silures, is the prince so celebrated by the British bards, i. 19., 
posthumous son of Geoffrey, third son of King
Henry II. of England, invested in the duchy of Brittany, under the guardianship 
of his grandfather, i. 352. Is declared
successor by Richard I. on his entering into a crusade, 394. His title asserted 
by the barons of the French provinces, 395. Is
taken under the protection of, and educated by, Philip cf France, 395. Joins 
with Philip, and commits hostilities against 

Page 387 
INDEX. 38S nis uncle John, 399. Is knighted, and marries Philip's daughter, 399. 
Is taken prisoner by John, 399 His
resolute behavior in a conference with him, 400. Is murdered by John, 400. 
arthur, Prince, eldest son of Henry VII. born, iii.
12. Married to Catharine of Arragon, 60. Dies, 60. Articles, six, the law of, 
passed by the parliament, in the reign of Henry
VIII., for abolishing diversity of opinions in religion, iii. 253. A view of 
tllen, 254. Numerous prosecutions commenced on
this act, 258. Is rigorously enforced, 267. The penalties on the marriage of 
priests miti. gated, 275. A further mitigation of
this law, 291. This statute repealed, 339. -, lords of. See Lords. Artillery, 
reflections on the effects of, in war, ii. 225. First
used at the battle of Crecy, 225. When first used at sieges, 386. The art and 
management of, imnproved sooner than
fortification, 415. Artois, Robert de, his character, and how he lost his 
patrimony, ii. 194. Is favorably received by Edward
III. of England, 19.5. Stimulates Edward to assert his pretensions to the crown 
of France, 195. Joins the army of Edward in
his invasion of France, 203. Is routed at St. Omers, 203. Is sent with English 
succors to Brittany, where he is killed, 215,
216. Arts, the advantages of cultivating in society, iii. 71. State of, during 
the reign of Charles I., v. 527. Arundel,
Humphrey, an insurrection in Devonshire excited and headed by him, to oppose the 
reformation, iii. 356. He is taken by
Lord Russel, and executed, 357. -, earl of, condemned by the house of peers, and 
executed, ii. 302. —, earl of, is
appointed one of the commissioners at Hampton Court, to inquire into the conduct 
of Mary queen of Scots, iv. 106. Was
the first who introduced coaches into England, 370.,earl of, is sent with an 
army to reduce the Scotch Covenanters, v. 108.
Ascham, envoy from the English commonwealth to Madrid, murdered there by 
banished royalists, v. 458. &scue, Anne,
cruelly tortured by WVriothesely, chancellor, for denying the real presence in 
the eucharist, iii. 301. Is burnt with other
heretics, 302. Ashley, Lord, one of the cabal ministry, his character, vi. 82. 
Is made earl of Shaftesbury. See Shaftesbury.
Aske, Mr., raises an insurrection in the north of England against Henry VIII., 
under the name of the Pilgrimage of Grace, iii.
236. Takes Hull and York, 237. Is joined by the archbishop of York and Lord 
Darcy, 237. His negotiations with the duke
of Norfolk, sent against him, 237. His adherents separate, 238. Is executed, 
239. Assassins, whence the origin of the term
derived, their prince, and his dangerous authority and principles, i. 378. 
Causes Conrade, marquis of Montferrat, to be
assassinated, 378. Assembly, general, of the church of Scotland, addresses Queen 
Mlary on occasion of the riot at the
house of Alison Craig, iv. 40. Exhorts Mary to change her religion, 67. Appoints 
a fast to free King James from the danger
of evil counsellors, 190. Is summoned by James, 191. Votes any settlement of 
terms between James and his mother a most
wicked un dertaking, 192. Appoints a fast on the day fixed for entertaining the 
French ambassadors, 192. Is induced to
submnit to the king's authority, and admit the jurisdiction of bishops, 445. 
Admits the ceremonies enjoined by the king with
great reluctance, 446. The bishops neglect to summon t, v. 95. One summoned 
under the influence of the Covenanters, 103.
Meets at Glasgow, and abolishes episcopacy, 105. Concessions obtained of the 
king, 111. Meets by their own authority
together with a convention of states, 261. Concurs in delivering up the king to 
the English parliament, 328. 

Page 388 
~88 n1niEx. Assembly of diviines at Westminster, news regulation of religion 
try, v. 29t Votes the divine right of presbytery,
320. Its power restricted by parlianment, 321. Astley, Lord, general for Charles 
I., is defeated by Colonel Morgan, v. 317.
Athelstan, naturtl son of Edward the Elder, his reign, i. 79. Conspired against 
by Alfred, one of his nobles, 79. Appoints
Sithric the Dane king of Northumberland, 80. His wars against Sithric's sons and 
the Scots, 80. His character, 82.
Athelwold, favorite of King Edgar, his treacherous behavior to his master in the 
affair of Elfrida, i. 95. Killed by Edgar, 96.
Atherton MIoor, battle of, defeat of Lord Fairfax and the parliamentary forces, 
v. 257. Athole, earl of, forms a confederacy
of Scots nobles, to protect Prince James from the attempts of Bothwell, and to 
punish the murderers of his' father, iv. 90.
Bothwell ecapes, and Mary resigns herself into the hands of the confederacy, 91. 
Audley, Lord, heads an insurrection in the
west, against Henry VII., iii. 51. Defeated at, Blackheath, and executed, 53. - 
~-, Sir Thomas, speaker of the house of
commons, made lord chancellor on the resignation of Sir Thomas More, iii. 189. 
Augmentation, court of, erected for the
management of the revenues of the suppressed monasteries, iii. 220. A^ugsbourg, 
a German league formed there, against
Lewis XIV., vi. 332. kAugustine, a Roman monk, sent by Pope Gregory to preach 
Christianity in Britain, i. 26. Assisted in
his mission by Queen Brunehaut, 26. Is favorably received by Ethelbert, king of 
Kent, 26. His character and successful
mission, 27. Cases of conscience proposed by, to the pope, 28. Created 
archbishop of Canterbury, 29. Augustine friars'
church, granted to A-lasco and his followers, iii. 370. Augustus Caesar 
dissuades his successors from enlarging their empire,
i. 5. Avisa, daughter to the earl of Gloucester, married to John, fourth son of 
Henry I., i. 365. Is divorced by him, 397.
Auray, Du Guesclin, defeated by the English near Calais, and taken prisoner, ii. 
2.55. Ayscue, Admiral Sir George, reduces
the' English colonies in America to obedience to the commonwealth, v. 423. 
Engages De' R uyter, the Dutch admiral, 430.
His ship taken by the Dutch on the Galloper sands, vi. 47, Azincour, battle of, 
ii. 356. Compared with those of Crecy and
Poictiers, 358. Babington, Anthony, his character, iv. 211. Engages in the 
service of Mary queen of Scots, 218. Enters into
a conspiracy against the life of Elizabeth, 218. He and his associates seized 
and executed, 221. Bacon, Sir Nicholas, is
made one of the council, and lord keeper of the great seal on the accession of 
Queen Elizabeth, iv. 4. A solemn religious
disputation held before him, 9. Is appointed one of the commissioners to inquire 
into the conduct of Mary queen of Scots,
106. Prohibits the parliament by the queen's order from meddling with any 
matters of state, 133. Reprimands the commons
for their presumption, at the close of this session, 139. * —, Lord, remarks on 
his account of Perkin Warbec, iii. 450.
Displays to the privy council the undutiful expressions in the earl of Essex's 
letters, iv. 316. The former friendly patronage
afforded him by Essex, 318. By the queen's order, draws up a narrative of 
Essex's examination befdire the council, 318. Hlis
officious assistance at the trial of Essex, 327. Preserves Hayward, an author, 
fronm the indignation of Queen Elizabeth, by
his pleasantry, 348. His speech against purveyance, 547. Mlake. a speech in 
parliament in favor of a union between England
and Scotland, 408, 409. Attempts without success to procure a establishment for 
the cultivation of natural philosophy, 503.
Is discovered to have taken bribes while chancellor, 460. Is impeached, 
confesses; the charge, is 

Page 389 
INDEX. 389 fined. and committed to the Tower, 469. His writings, and character, 
460. Considered as a philosopher, and
writer, 525. Badjox, Mar(luis of, and viceroy of Peru, is, with his wife and 
daughter, burnt on board a Spauish galleon, by
some of Blake's squadron, v. 463. BadlleIrnere, Lord, insults Isabella, queen to 
Edwvard II., and kills some of her retinue,
ii. 158. Is punished by the king, 158. Is taken at the defeat of the eatl of 
Lancaster, tried, and executed, 160. Badon, Cerdic
the S..ix i w*orsted there by the Britans, i. 19. BagRuatl, Sir lenry, the 
English general in Ireland, is defeated and killed
by'Tyrone, iv. 3)7. Baillie, of Jerviswo)d, his trial and execution, on account 
of the duke of Monmotuth's conspiracy, vi.
276. Bainham, James, cruelly treated by Sir Thomas More, for heresy, iii. 206. 
Is- burnt in Smithfield, 2)6. Baldwin, earl of
Flanders, receives Tosti, duke of Northumberland, i. 137. Assists the Norman 
invasion, 143. Balfo)ur, Sir James, deputy
governor of Edinburgh Castle, betrays a casket of Queen Mary's letters to 
Bothwell into the hands of Chancellor Morton, iv.
109. Baliol, John, his pretensions of succession to the crown of Scotland, ii. 
82. Recognizes the king of England's superiority
over Scotland, 88. Edward pronounces decision in his favor, 90. Swears fealty to 
Edward, who puts him in possession of
the kingdom, 910. Is incensed by the usurpations of Edward, 91. Forms an 
alliance with Philip of France, 95. Refuses
compliance with the summons and demands of Edward, 107. _Assembles an army to 
oppose the attacks of Edward, 107.
Sets Edward at defiance, 107. Swears fealty and makes his submissions to Edward, 
on his subduing Scotland, 108. Carried
prisoner to London, and committed to the Tower, 109. Obtains his liberty, and 
retires to France, 109. Dies in a private
station, 109. His character, and a summary view of his conduct, 132. Edward, son 
of John, the occasion of his renewing his
father's pretensions to the crown of Scotland, ii. 186. Raises a force, and is 
joined by divers English barons, 187. Invades
Scotland, 187. Defeats and kills the earl of Mar, regent, 188. Takes Perth, 188. 
Is crowned at Scone, 189. Is routed by Sir
Archibald Douglas, and flies to England, 189. Edward III. undertakes to restore 
him, 189. Is restored, 191. But the Scots
revolt whenever the English king retires, 191. Resigner Lis pretensions to 
Scotland to Edward, and lives retired, 241. /
Ball,'John, a seditious preacher in the reign of Richard II., inculcates 
levelling principles among the people, ii. 283. See Tyler.
Ballard, John, a priest of R)heims, comes to England to concert an assas 
sination of Queei Elizabeth, iv. 217. See
Babington. Bangor, great slaughter of the monks of, by Adelfrid, king of 
Northumberlanr., i. 32. The large monastery of,
destroyed, 32. BanTockburn, battle of, between Edward II., and Robert Bk't, king 
of Scotland, ii. 153. Banqueting hbolse,
at Whitehall, when built, iv. 598. Barbadoes, the island of, when planted by the 
English, iv. 52,. Barebone, Praise God, a
member of Cromwell's parliament, th.?saliament denominated from him, v. 442. 
Origin of the appellation, 442, a. Bari, a
council called there, i. 235. Barillon, M., his relation of a private contract 
between Charles II. and Lewis XIV', vi. 279, n.
Barnard, lecturer of St. Sepulchre's, prays for the queen's conversion, and is 
reproved by the high commission court for it, v.
74. Barnes, Dr.,.procures Lambert to be accused for denying the real presence in 
the eucharist, iii. 250. Is himself burnt,
267. Barnet, battle of, between Edward'IV. and the earl of Warwick, ii. 470. 
Barons of;ngland, the first indications of a
regular association and plan 

Page 390 
39}0 INDEX of liberty among them. i. 397. Intimidated by John, and attend him in 
his Norman wars, 397. Desert him, and
return to England, 40:3. Accused and fined by him on his return, 405. Again 
refuse to assist him in France, 421. Their
situation and discontents under John, 424. Exhorted by Cardinal Langton to 
insist on a renewal of the charter of liberties
granted by Henry I., 424. Confederate for that purpose at St. Edmondsbury, 425. 
Make a formal demand of the renewal-
from John, 425. Appeal to the pope, 426. Assemble their retainers, 427. De-liver 
to the king a list of their demands, 428.
Choose Robert Fitzwalter for their general, on the king's refusal, 428. 
Comlmence hostilities against John, 428. Obtain the
Great Charter friom him, 429. The chief heads of this charter, 429. Remarks upon 
it, 431. John makes fuirther coneessions
for security of this grant, 432. List of the conservators of this charter, 433. 
The charter annulled by the pope, 434. Langton
refuses to publish the pope's bull of excommunication against them, 435. The 
king takes Rochester from them, and the cruel
devastation of the country by both parties. 135. Those in the north ally with 
Alexander, king of Scotland, 436. The rest offer
the kingdom to Lewis, son of Philip of France, 436. Give hostages to Philip for 
their fidelity, 436. Are disgusted at Lewis's
behavior, 438. Their contest suspended by the, death of John, 438. The origin of 
their power, and the nature of military
service explained, 441. A view of their civil offices, 444. Their power over 
their vassals, 448. The power of their courts,
449. Their usual way of life, 449. Their importance in parliament, 452. The 
nature of their courts, 453. Exercised a kind of
sovereign authority, 471. More arbitrary in their respective jurisdictions than 
their kings, 471. Obtain a new charter of
liberties from Henry III., ii. 3. And a confirmation of it, 4. Obtain a charter 
of forests, 4. Are recovered from their foreign
alliance by the judicious endeavors of the earl of Pembroke, protector of the 
realn, 5. Conclude a peace with him, 7. Their
commotions on the death of the earl of Pembroke, 8. Refuse to surrender their 
fortresses into the king's hands, 11.
Confederate against Hubert de Burgh, 11. A reconciliation effected by the 
prelates, 11. Procure the dismission of Hubert,
14. Combine against his successor, the bishop of Winchester, 15. Confederate 
with Simon de Montfort, earlof Leicester,
31. Assemble in parliament dressed in armor, 32. A supreme council of twentyfour 
chosen by, in parliament, at Oxford, to
regulate the government, 32. Regulations formed by this council, 33. The council 
combine to perpetuate their authority, 34.
Impose an oath of obedience to them on the whole nation, 34. Appoint a committee 
of equal authority with parliament, to
act in the intervals between the sessions of parliament, 35. Send and propose 
the oath of obedience to the provisions of
Oxford, to Richard, king of the Romans, on his intended visit to England, 35. 
The people begin to be jealous of this council,
35. The knights of the shires appeal to Prince Edward against their proceedings, 
36. His message to them on the occasion,
36. The council form a code of triv ial ordinances, 36. The pope disinclined 
toward them, 39. The pope absolves Henry and
the nation from their oath to them, 39. The parliament empowers Henry to resume 
the authority out of their hands, 41. They
confederate with the earl of Leicester, 42. Imprison the bishops who published 
the pope's absolution, 43. Levy war on the
king, 43. Reduce him to comply again with the provisions of Oxford, 44. Their 
disputes with Henry referred to the
arbitration of Lewis, king of France, -45. Lewis decides in favor of Henry, 46. 
Thev reject Lewis's decision, and take arms,
46. Associate with Fitz-Richard the mayor, and the citizens of London, 46. 
Mutual hostilities by them and the king's army,
47. Defeat Henry at Lewes, and take him prisoner, 49. Another appeal to 
arbitration, 59. Are ill treated by Leicester, 51.
Their army defeated at Evesham, and the earl of Leicester killed, 57. The lenity 
of HIenry toward them, 59. Prohibited to
appear in parliament with. 

Page 391 
INDEX. 39i out being particularly summoned by writ, 98. The distinctions among, 
98 Confirm the two charters in
parliament, which are also confirmed by Edward I. in Flanders, 116. Obtain a 
limitation of forests, 117. Obtain a full, free,
and final confirmation of the two charters, 118. Are allowed by Edward I. to 
entail their estates, 139. Are disgusted at the
attachment of Edward II. to Piers Gavaston, 144. A confederacy of, formed by 
Thomas earl of Lancaster against Gavaston,
146. Procure his banishment, 146. Procure the authority of government to be 
vested in a junto, 147. Seize Gavaston, and
put him to death, 150. The king's rage on this murder, 150. He is reconciled to 
them, 150. In. sist on a renewal of their
ordinances after the defeat at Bannockburn, 155. They combine to ruin the 
Despensers, 156. Causes of their discontents,
157. They peremptorily demand a dismission of Despenser, 157. Obtain of the 
parliament a sentence of forfeiture, and
perpetual exile, againat the Despensers, 158. They join the invasion of 
Isabella, 163. Murder Despenser, the father, at
Bristol, 165. Are discontented with Richard II., 289. Ancient and modern 
nobility, their ways of life contrasted, iii. 71.
Baronet, that title invented by the earl of Salisbury, and sold to supply King 
James with money, iv. 432. Bartholomew,
massacre of the Hugonots at Paris, on the eve of that festival, iv. 157. Barton, 
a Scotsman, obtains letters of marque of
James IV., against the Portuguese, but commits piracies on the English, iii. 91. 
Is destroyed by the English admirals, 91. —,
Elizabeth, commonly called the holy maid of 1Kent, her hysterical fits 
attributed to inspiration, iii. 208. Is engaged by
Masters and BokiIlg to carry on the imposture, 209. Confesses the artifice, and 
is punished with her associates, 210.
Basilides, John, czar of Muscovy, the cause and particulars of his treaty with 
Queen Elizabeth, iv. 365. The privileges by him
granted to the Enylish, revolked byu his son Theodore, 365. B,.itamiy, disputes 
between the civil and ecclesiastical courts
concerning, in the reign of Henry III., ii. 62. Memorable reply of the nobility 
to the prelatst or tllis occasion, 63. Bastwick, i
pliyi ian, is cruelly sentenced by the star chamber, v.. 83. His sentence 
reversed by the commons, 137. See Burton. Battle,
trials by, allowed by Henry II. to be evaded by appeal to a jury, i. 347. See 
under the names of the places where they were
respectively foughlt. Abbey, founded by William the Conqueror, i. 182. Bavaria, 
duke of, defeats the elector palatine at
Prague, iv. 456. Publishes the ban of the empire against the elector, and 
conquers the Upper Palatinate, 462. Obtains the
electoral dignity, 471. Baudricourt, governor of Vaucouleurs, applied to by Joan 
d'Arc, sends her.to King Charles VII., ii.
389. Bauge, battle of, between the duke of Clarence and the dauphin of France, 
-ii. 3(37. Bayonne, a massacre of the
French Hugonots planned at a meeting there, iv. 71. See Medicis, Catharine de, 
Philip of Spain, etc. Beaton, primate of
Scotland, made a cardinal, iii. 282. Is accused of forg. ing the will of James 
V., 282. Joins the interests of the queen
dowager, and obtains possession of the government, 282. Is confined by the earl 
of Arran, his competitor for the
administration, 283. Recovers his liberty, and cabals with,the clergy against 
Arran, 283. Procures the retinue of the English
ambassador to be insulted, to occasion a rupture between the two crowns, 284. 
Applies to France for succors, 284.
Attaches himself to Arran, 289. Causes Wishart, the reformer, -to be apprehended 
and executed for heresy, 332. Is
assassinated, 333. Hii murderers protected by Henry VIII. of England, 333. 

Page 392 
392 INDEX. Beauchamp, of Holt, Lord, is condemned for treason, ii. 295. Was the 
first peer created by patent, 325.
Beaulfort, duke of, the French admiral, misses the Dutch fleet, and escapes the 
Enlglish, vi. 49. Beaumoint, Lord, the motive
of his engaging Edward Baliol to renew hi-s fathler's pretensions to the crown 
of Scotland, ii. 186. Beauvais, bishop of,
taken prisoner in battle by Richard I., i. 389. His coat of Inail sarcastically 
sent to the pope, who claimed him, 389. Is set at
liberty by John, 396. -, bishop of, petitions for the trial of Joan d'Arc for 
sorcery, iii. 138. Becket. See Thomas th Becket.
Bedford, duke of, brother to Henry V., left by him regent of France ii. 369. 
Appointed by parliament protector or guardian
of England, during the minority of Henry VI., 374. His character, 375. Espouses 
the princess of Burgundy, 376.
Considerations on which he formed his conduct in France, 376. Treaty at Amiens, 
377. Restores and forms an alliance with
James I., king of Scotland, 378. His great successes over the French, 378. 
Raises the siege of Crevant, 379. Defeats the
earl of Buchan at Verneuil, 380. His succors intercepted by Gloucester, and 
applied to his private disputes, 382. His
ineffectual endeavors to compromise his brother's quarrels, 383. Reconciles 
Gloucester and the bishop of Winchester, 383.
Situation of affairs in France at his return, 384. Reduces the duke of Brittany 
to maintain the treaty of Troye, 385. Hiis
prudent conduct on the successes of Joan d'Arc, 396. His supplies from England 
fail, 397. Persuades the bishop of
Winchester to lend him the men he was conducting into Bohemia, 397. IIis prudent 
caution in avoiding an action with
Charles, 397. Gets young Henry VI. crowned at Paris, 397. ILis cruel prosecution 
of Joan d'Arc, 398. Bad situation of the
English aff:irs in France, 401. Death of the duchess of Bedford, and its 
Comisequences, 401. Agrees to a congress at Arras,
403. The English ministers leave the congress, which is concluded without them, 
403. Dies, 404. -, Russel, earl of, is sent
over to Boulogne, to negotiate peace with Henry II. of France, iii. 366. 
Suppresses Sir Peter Carew's insurrection in
Devonshire, 402. Is made one of the council on the- accession of Queen 
Elizabeth, iv. 4. Is sent by Elizabeth to officiate at
the baptismn of Prince James of-Scotland, 77., earl of, is sent by the 
parliament with forces against the marquis of
Herttbord, v. 233. Deserts to the king at Oxford, 2.53. Bedloe, his character, 
vi. 191.- His narrative of Godfrey's murder,
and the Popish plot, 192. His narrative published, 193. Circumstances of his 
death, 237. Bele, Dr., instigates an insurrection
against foreign artificers in London, iii. 314. Bell, Robert, a Puritan member, 
makes a motion in the house of commons
against a monopoly, iv. 137. Is severely reprimanded in council for his 
temerity, 138. Benedictinies, an Italian order of
monks, described, i. 85. Benefices, how they first came into the hands of 
laymen, iii. 245. Benevolences, when first levied, ii.
325. Levied by Henry V7II., iii. 33. The power of levying established by 
parliament,'46. See Loans. Bennet. See Arlington.
Bcntivoglio, Cardinial, his remark on the English government, iv. 571. 
]Berengaria, daughter of Sanchez, king of Navarre,
married to Richard 1. o 6f England, at Cyprus, and attends him on the crusade, 
i. 374. Berkeley, Lord, Edward II.
delivered-into his ciustody, jointly with Mau-' travers and Gournay in rotation, 
ii. 167., The king murdered by the two latter,
during his confinement by sickness, 168. t~ —ss), Judge, is seized upon the 
bench by order of the house of commnons, on
account of Hambden's trial, v. 134. 

Page 393 
INDSX. 393 Berkstead, one of the king's judges, is seized in Holland, brought 
home, and executed, vi. 24. Bermudas,
when first settled by the English, iv. 519. Bernard, St., pr: aches a crusade, 
and engages several English in it, i. 283.
Bernicia, the Saxon kiingdom in Britain, by whom founded, i. 20. See 
Nolthumberland. Bertha, queen of Kent, her zeal for
the propagation of Christianity, i. 25. Berlick, taken by assault by Edward I., 
and the garrison put to the sword, ii. 1 8.
Bible, a translation of, made by Tindal, the reformer, iii. 205. Bishop 
Tonstal's artifice to enable Tindal to mnake a more
correct translation, 205. Debates ill conv~ocation concerning the expediency of 
a translation for the use of the people, 221.
A translation finished and printed at Paris, 223. Single copies only allowed to 
be chained in some churches, with restrictions
as to reading it, 240. Granted to every family, 258. The issue of it prohibited 
to the lower classes of the people, 277.
Bicocca, battle of, between Marshal Lautrec and the imperialists, iii. 137. 
Bigod, Itugh, his artifice to bring the archbishop of
Canterbury to countenance the pretensions of King Stephen, i. 272. Preparing to 
revolt againist Henry Ii., is reduced to
surrender his castles, 344. * -, tRoger, eaL l of Norfolk. See Norfolk. Bilney, 
Thoilas, a priest, embraces the reformation,
iii.. 207. Is burnt in Norfolk, 2'07. Biron, Lord, commands the forces sent 
from. Ireland to Charles I., and reduces Cheshire,
v. 272. His forces dispersed by'Fairfax, 272. Bishops, English, subscribe the 
constitutions of Clarendon, i. 305. Their
oppisitionl to the pope's. levies for the crusade against Sicily, ii. 25. Are 
forced to submit on the menace of
excommunication, 25. Their election appointed by parlialent to be by congW 
d'*lire, or letters patent from the kingll,
withovut recourse to Rome, iii. 195. Take out new compmissionls front the crown, 
197. Are kiimdly received by Queen
Elizabeth, at her accession, excepting Bonner, iv. 2. Become disgusted at her 
steps towards restoring the Protestant religion,
and refuse officiating at the coronation, 6. The nomination of, annexed to the 
crown, with other powers relating to them, 8.
Degraded for refusing the oath of supremacy, 11. Begin to be slighted in 
parliamentary proceedings. v. 143. A meeting of
twelve,' present a protestation to the kinfg and peers, against their injurious 
treatment, 2;)4. Are inipeached by the commons,
sequestered from parliiiament, and confined, 204. ~The bill against their 
votes-passed, 214. Episcopal authority abolished,
319. The survivors re-admitted to their sees, at the restoration, vi. 11. Are 
restored to their seats in parlianlent, 18. How
excluded from sitting in the house of lords, on capital trials, 206. Their right 
of voting in the case of the earl of Danby
contested by the commons, 20'6. Four Catholic bishops consecrated, 319. Six, 
with the primate, committed to the Tower
for petitioning James II. against the declaration of indulgence, 325. Are tried, 
326. Acquitted, 327. Bishoprics, six new ones
elected by Henry VIII., iii. 245. Black, minister of St. Andrews, his opinion of 
kings, and manner of praying for the queen, iv
444. --— book-of the exchequer, itsi origin, ii. 97, n. Blackheath, battle of, 
between Lord Daubeney and the Cornish
rebels, iii.,53. Biake,.Adimiral, his rise and abilities in the navy, v. 423. 
Pursues and harasses Prince Rupert's fleet, 423.-
Quarrels -with Tromp, the Dutch admiral, in Dover'Road, 428. Engages Tromp, 429. 
Falls upon the Dutch herringr busses,
43'). In conjunction with Bourne and Pen, defeats De W\itte and De Ruyter, 430. 
Is worsted by Tromp and De Ruyter,
430. Engages Tromp for three days, and defeats him, 431. Defeats Tromp in an 
engagement of two days' continuance,
446.'Attacks and seizes a 

Page 394 
squadrin of French ships, 457..is -.sueesses: in the l~editerranean 460. The 
Spanish galleons taken and destroyed by part of
his. squadron, 463. Burns a Spanish fleet in Santa Cruz harbor, 463. His death 
and character, 464. Blood, the circulation of,
when and by whom discovered, v. 532. - of Christ, a relic shown at Hales, in 
Gloucestershire, the artifice of, exposed, iii.
242..., a disbanded officer, escapes to England, after the defeat of his 
intended insurrection at Dublin, by the duke of
Ormond, vi. 90. Seizes Ormond at London, with intent to hang him at Tyburn, 90. 
Forms a design of seizing the regalia, but
is taken in the attempt, 91. Obtains the king's pardon, with the grant of an 
estate, 92. Blore Heath, battle of, between the
earl of Salisbury and Lord Audley, ii. 435. iBoadicea, her successes against the 
Romans, i. 6. Defeated, 7. Bocher, Joan, or
Joan of Kent, the doctrines propagated by her, iii. 352. King Edward VI. very 
unwilling to consent to her execution, 353. Is
burnt, 353. Bocking, Dr., canon of Canterbury, engages in the imposture of the 
holy maid of Kent, iii. 209. Confesses the
scheme, and is punished, 2i0. Bockland and Folkland, in the Saxon tenures, 
explained,ei. 177. Bohemia, the blind king of,
killed at the battle'of Crecy, ii. 228. His crest and motto assumed by Prince 
Edward, 228. The states of, take arms against
the house of Austria, iv. 454; Offer their crown to Frederic elector palatine, 
455. Frederic defeated by the duke of Bavaria,
456. The reformed religion severely oppressed there, 462. See Frederic. Bohun, 
Humphrey de. See Barons. Boleyn, Lady
Anne, her character and family, iii. 165. Attracts the notice of Henry VIII., 
165. Is prepossessed against Cardinal Wolsey,
175. Contributes to his disgrace, 177. Is inclined towards the doctrines of the 
reformation, 182. Is created marchioness of
Pembroke, and married to Henry, 191. Birth of the Princess Elizabeth, 192. 
Favors thereformers, 203. Is brought to bed of
a dead son, and loses Henry's affections, 223. The king becomes jealous of her 
free behavior, 224. Is calumniated by her
sister-in-law the viscountess of Rochford, 224. Is committed to the Tower with 
some of her attendants, and her brother
Rochford, 225. Confesses'some innocent levities, 225. Her letter to the king, 
226. Is tried by a jury of peers, 226.
Condemned, 227. Her marriage annulled, 227. Is executed, 228. Reflections on her 
fate, 228. Is attainted by parliament,
and the Princess Elizabeth illegitimated, 230. Bombay, the fort of, yielded to 
Charles Ii. as part of'the dowry with the
Princess Catharine of Portugal, vi. 23. Boniface of Savoy made archbishop of 
Canterbury by Henry III., ii. 17. The king's,
repartee to him, 29. VIII., Pope, his character, ii. 110. Prohibits, by a bull, 
all princes from levying taxes on the clergy,
without his consent, 111. At whose solicitation this bull was procured, ill. The 
differences between Philip of France and
Edward I. of England, referred to his decision, 120. His award between them, 
120. Writes to Edward to engage him to
desist from his attempts against Scotland, 128. Bonner, made bishop of Hereford, 
iii. 249. First opposes, but afterwards
acquiesces in. the steps toward reformation by the protector and regency, during 
the minority of Edward VI., 328. Is
deprived of his see, and confined, for asserting the real presence, 351. Is 
released by Queen Mary, 391. Is employed by
Gardiner to persecute the reformers, which he per. formed with brutal cruelty, 
421. Degrades Archbishop Cranmer, 433. Is
ill received by Queen Elizabeth at her accession, iv. 2 Bonnivet, admiral of 
France, is sent ambassador to England by
Francis I.. iii. 115. Courts the confidence of Cardinal Wolsey, 115. Is sent to 
in vade Milan, 146. Blockades the city, 146. 

Page 395 
INDEX. 395 Books, heretical, a proclamation issued against, rendering it capital 
to keep any such, iii. 425. Booth, Sir
George, enters into a conspiracy to restore Charles IT., vi. 496. Seizes 
Chester, 497. Is routed and taken prisoner by
General Lambert, 497. Is set at liberty by parliament, 511. Boroughs, English,- 
why so dependent on great men, among the
Saxons, i 158. Their state at the time of the Norman conquest, 454. 
Representatives of, first sent to parliament, ii. 53. See
Corporations. Boroughbridge, battle of, between Sir Andrew Harcla and Thomas 
earl of Lancaster, ii. 159. Borsholder, his
office according to Alfred's. institution, i. 71. Boscobel, Charles II. secreted 
there, after the battle of Worcester, v. 417.
Bosworth field, battle of, between Richard III. and Henry earl of Rich mond, ii. 
505. Bothwell, earl of, distinguishes himself
against the army of the Protestant association in Scotland, called the 
Congregation of the Lord, iv. 25. Is concerned with the
marquis of Elbeuf in a debauch and riot at the house of Alison Craig, which the 
church takes cognizance of, 39. Becomes
the favorite of Mary, and intercedes for Rizzio's murderers, 76. A character of 
him, 80. Reports spread of his intimacy with
the queen, 80. Is suspected of murdering the king, 82. Is charged with the 
murder by the earl of Lenox, 82. Is tried and
acquitted, 83. Is recommended by the nobility as a husband for Mary, 84. - 
Seizes the queen, by concert with her, to oblige
her to marry him, 85. Is divorced from his former wife, 86. Is made duke of 
Orkney, 86. See Orkney. - -, earl of,
descended from a natural son of James V., is expelled Scot land for treasonable 
attempts, and is protected by Queen
Elizabeth, iv 285. Forfeits Elizabeth's favor, and dies in exile, 285. Bridge, 
battle of, between the duke of Monmouth and the
Scots Covenanters, vi. 211. Bouchaine, taken by the duke of Orleans, vi. 140. 
Bovines, battle of, between Philip, king of
France, and the emperor Otho, i. 423. Boulogne, siege of, by Heinry VII., iii. 
36. Is taken by Henry VIII. 294. Is
surrendered to the French, 366. Bourbon, Charles, duke of, constable of France, 
his character, iii. 143. Re-ects proposals
of marriage made to him by Louis of Savoy, mother of xFrancis I., 143. Revolts 
against Francis, and enters into the
emperor's service, 144. attle of Pavia, and captivity of Francis, 149. Conquers 
the Milanese, 158.' Attacks Rome, and is
killed in scaling the walls, 158 Bourchier, archbishop of Canterbury, crowns 
Henry VII., iii. 7. Bowes, Sir Robert, makes an
incursion into Scotland, and is defeated by the lords Hume and Huntley, iii. 
280. Boyle, his improvements in natural
philosophy, vi. 373. Brabanvons, account of these banditti, i. 338. Occasionally 
employed by princes, 338. A number of
them engaged by Henry II. against his sons, 339. Two of them left governors of 
Normandy by John, on his retiring from
thence to England, 404. Bradoc Down, battle of, between the royalists and 
Ruthven, the parliament general, v. 244.
Bradshaw, a lawyer, is appointed president,of the court for the trial of Charles 
I., v. 371. His reply to the king's objections
to the authority of the court, 373. Sentences the king, 374. Is named one of the 
council of state, 388. Brandenburg, elector
of, takes part with the United Provinces against Lewis XIV., vi. 113. Commands 
the German troops, and is chased from
Colmar by Turenne, 132. Drives the Swedes out of his territories, 139. Is 
obliged to restore his acquisitions, by the treaty of
Nimeguen, 159. Brandon, Sir Charles, favorite of Henry VIII., created duke of 
Suffolk for his services at the battle of
Flouden, iii. 102. See Suffolk. 

Page 396 
~396 INDEX. Brause, William de, his wife and son starved to death in prison, for 
an imprudent reflection on King John, i.
414. Bread, the assize of, how settled in the thirty-fifth year of Henry III., 
ii. 63. Breda, negotiations there, between Charles
II. and the Scots commission. ers, v. 400. Treaty of peace there, between the 
English, Dutch, and French, -vi. 55. Brehon
law or custom in Ireland, explained, iv. 422. Is abolished, 423. Brembre, Sir 
Nicholas, his unjust trial and execution, ii. 294;:
Breteuil, William de, treasurer to WVilliam Rufus, forced to- deliver up his 
charge to Henry, Williamn's successor, i. 242.
Bretigni, treaty of, between Edward III. and France, ii. 252. Bribery, the first 
instance of, being practised towards members
of parlianent, v. 114. A bribe given to a mayor for an election, with the 
probable reason for it, iv. 141, n. Brill, attacked andl
seized by the Flemish exiles, iv. 165. Bristol, when first erected into a 
bishopric, iii. 245. Is besieged and taken by lPrince
Rupert, v. 248. -, Digby, earl of, sent ambassador to Spain, by James I., to 
conclude the Spanish match, iv. 472. His
favorable accounts of the progress of the treaty, 473 His negotiations 
obstructed by Buckingham's bringing the prince to
Spain, 481. Is disgraced on colniing home, 489. Is iimpeached in the reign of 
Charles, and in return impeaches Buckingham,
v. 13. -- earl of, impeaches Chancellor Qlare-don in the house of lords, vi. 23. 
Britain, by whom first peopled, i. 2. The
manners and governmnent of the inhabitants previous to the landing of Caesar, 2. 
Their religion, 3. Invaded by Julius Cocsar,
4. How regarded-and treated by his successors, 5. Caractacus defeated, 5. 
Boadicea defeated, 7. Its subjection effected by
Julius Agricola, 7. Abandoned by the Ronmans, 9. Harassed by the Picts and 
Scots, 9. Assisted by the Itlomans in
rebuilding Adrian and Severus's wall, and finally deserted by them, 10. WVhy 
they were unable to resist the Picts and Scots,
10. Their third application to Rome for assistance ineffectual, 11. Conjectures 
as to their civil government when left bv the
Romans, 12. Invite the Saxons over, 14. Are subjected by these auxiliaries, 15. 
Some of them take refuge and settle in
Brittany, in France, 16. Consequences of their being overrun by the Saxous, 20. 
See England. Brittany, by whom settled, i.
16.- For Arthur, duke of, see Arthur. For Conan, see Conan. The Bretons choose 
Alice for their sovereign, on the murder
of Arthur by his uncle John, king of England, 401. They appeal to Philip, who 
judges John to have foifeited all his
possessions in France, 401. Guy de T'houars, who governs for his daughter Alice, 
being jealous of Philip's power, joins with
John, 4'16. Contests between Charles de Blois and the count de Mountfort for the 
possession of that duchy, ii. 212. State
of, at the time of Henry VII. of England, iii. 22. The barons incite an invasion 
by the king of France, 23. Assisted too late by
the English, 29. Cause of their domestic dissensions, 30. The young duchess 
married to Maximilian, 30. Annexed to France
by marriage, 33. - ----—, duke of, accedes to the treaty of Troye, ii. 377. HIis 
interest, how cultivated by the duke of
Bedford, 377. Withdraws from the English interest, 384. Created constable of 
France, 384. Forced by the duke of Bedford
to renounce his new alliance, 385., Francis II., duke of, his character, iii. 
22. His favorite, Peter Landais, putto death by the
nobles, 22. Protects Lewis duke of Orleans, at his court, who forms a party 
there, 23. Appoints Orleans to opp('so the
invasion of the king of France, 23. Obliged to fly,. 23. His answex to the offer 
of mediation by Henry VII., 26. His fortune
ruined, and his death, 28. Anne, duchess of, married by proxy to MIaximilian, 
king of the Romans, iii. 30. Pressed to a
marriage with the king of France, 32. The duchy annexed to the crown of France 
by this marriage, 33 

Page 397 
INDEX. 39X Broke, Lord, a parliament general, account' of his death, v. 242. 
Brook House committee, inquiry into their
conduct towards Charles II., vi. 96, 379. Brounker, inquiry into his conduct, in 
the engagement between the duke of York
and Opdaln, the Dutch admiral, vi. 41. Bruce, Robert, his claim of succession to 
the crown of Scotland, how founded, ii. 82.
Acknowledge% the claim of Edward I., as superior lord of Scotland, 88. His claim 
to Scotland rejected by Edward in favor
of Balioi. JO. Countenances the revolt-of William Wallace, 123., Robert, the 
younger, serves in the English army at the
battle of Falkirk, ii. 126. His conference with Wallace on the banks of Carron, 
126. Is gained over to the Scots' interest by
Wallace, 127. Succeeds to his father's pretensions to the crown of Scotland, 
132. Opens his designs in confidence to John
Curernin, the late regent, 133. Is betrayed by Cummin, 133. Retreats to 
Scotland, 133. His declaration to the Scots nobility,
134. Kills Cummin, 135. Routs the English, and is crowned at Scone, 135. Is 
defeated by Aymer de Valence, 136.
Reduces the casties, and is acknowledged by the whole country, 151. The prudent 
disposition of his forces against the
appearance of Edward's army, 152. Deiefeats Edward'at Bannockburn, 153. His 
independency secured by his victory, 154.
Makes an unsucceBsful expedition to Ireland, 154. Repulses an attempt of Edward, 
and concludes a truce with him for
thirteen years, 161. Invades England on the death of Edward II., 179. Coneludes 
a treatr. with Mortimer, 182. Dies, and is
succeeded by his son David. See David. -, David, succeeds his father, Robert, in 
the kingdom of Scotland, and left under
the guardianship of the earl of Murray, ii. 186. Is disturbed by the pretensions 
of Baliol, 186. The regency committed to the
earl of Marre on Murray's death, 187. Is sent to France on the conquest of 
Scotland by Edward Baliol, 189. Is recalled to
Scotland, 230. Invades England during Edward's absence, 230. Is taken prisoner 
by Queen Philippa, 231. Recovers his
liberty, 247. Buchan, earl of, defeats the duke of Clarence at Bauge, in Anjou, 
ii. 367. Rewarded with the office of
constable' of France, 367. Defeated and killed by the duke of Bedford at 
Vernenil, 380. Buchanan, George, assists in the
hearing the cause of Mary queen of Scots before the English commissioners, iv. 
103. Buckingham, duke of, harangues the
people in favor of the duke of Gloucester's pretensions to the crown, ii. 493. 
Offers the crown to him as a popular tender,
494. His pedigree and family connections, 496. Created constable with other 
emoluments, 497. Becomes discontented, and
forms schemes against Richard, 497. Raises forces, but is disappointed by great 
rains, 501. Tried and executed, 502., uke
of, offends Cardinal Wolsey, iii. 126. Is tried and executed for indiscreet 
expressions against Henry VIII., 126. WVas the
last who enjoyed the office of constable, 127. -----—, George Villiers, created 
duke of, iv. 438; Is made lord high admiral,
438. His character, 474. Persuades Prince Charles to a journey to ]Madrid, 475. 
His boisterous importunity with James to
gain his consent, 476. His behavior odious to the Spaniards, 480. Affronts 
Olivarez, the Spanish minister, 481. Determines
to break off the treaty of marriage, 481. Misrepresents the affair to 
parliament, 484. Cabals with the Puritans, 485. Procures
the treasurer Middlesex to be impeached, 487. Be, gins to lose the king's favor, 
488. Prevails on the kling to send Brist. to
the Tower on his return, 489. Remarks on his character, and its in fluence on 
parliamentary conduct, v. 3. Is impeached by
the earl of Bris tol, 13. And by the commons, 13. Is chosen chancellor of the 
university of Cambridge, 15.'Makes love to
the queen of France, 27. Is rivallem by Cardinal Richelieu, 28. Determines to 
engage England in a war wit' VOL. VI. 34 H 

Page 398 
France, 28. Commands. a fleet sent to assist the Rochellers. who refuse toadmit 
him, 29. His indiscreet attack of the Isle of
Rh&, 29. Is forced to return, 30. Is assassinated by Felton at Portsmouth, 48. 
Remarkli on his Spanish negotiation, 535.
Buckingham, Villiers, duke of, advises Charles II. to accept the terms offered 
by the Scots commissioners at Breda, v. 401.
Is the only courtier allowed to attend Charles in Scotland, 414. Aims at a 
comprehension with the Presbyterians, and a
toleration of other sects, vi. 77. Is one of the cabal ministry, 82. His 
character, 82. Goes over to France to concert the war
against the states, 87. Lord Ossory's speech to him, on Blood's attempt on the 
duke of Ormond, 91. Is sent to Holland to
treat with Lewis XIV. about peace with the states, 108. Is examined' on his 
conduct at the bar of the house of commons,
123. Is dismissed from the ministry, 132. Favors, in conjunction with Algernon 
Sidney and others, the intrigues of France,
and receives bribes from that court, 156, Zn. Introduces the manufacture of 
glass. from Venice, 370. Character of his
Rehearsal, 374. Bullion, and foreign coin, when first allowed to be exported, 
vi. 370. Burchet, Peter, a Puritan, wounds
Captain Hawkins by mistake, instead of Hatton, Elizabeth's favorite,' iv. 347. 
Burdet, Thomas, cruel execution of, i'i the
reign of Edward IV., ii. 480. Burgesses of corporations, when first summoned to 
parliament, ii. 53. The principles that
operated to their forming one body of the legislature, with the representatives 
of counties, 105. Burgundians and Armagnacs,
inport of those distinctions in France, and the troubles occasioned by, ii. 352, 
360. Burgundy, John, duke of, disputes the
administration of affairs with the duke of Orleans, on the insanity of Charles 
VI., ii. 351. His deceitful reconciliation with
Orleans, 351. Causes him to be assassinated, 351. Avows and justifies the 
assassination, 351. Expelled France, and solicits
the aid of England, 355. \ Attempts to seize the government, but is 
disappointed, 359. His treaty with Henry V., and secret
one with the dauphin, 362. Distrustful precautions in the interview between him 
and the dauphin, 362. Assassinated by the
dauphin's retinue, 363. Philip, duke of, treats with Henry V., yields every 
thing to him for the marriage of his sister with the
duke of Bedford, and the revenging his father's murder, ii. 364. Articles of 
this treaty, 364. Reflections on this treaty, 365.
Review of his conduct, 376. Marries his'sisterito the duke of Bedford, 377. His 
quarrels with the duke of Gloucester on
account of Jaqueline, countess of Hainault, 382. Detaches himself from the 
English interest, 384. Recalls his troops from the
siege of Orleans, 387. His alliance with the duke of Bedford renewed, 396. 
Besieges Compeigne, and takes Joan d'Arc
prisoner, 398. Differs with the duke of Bedford, 402. Attends the congress at 
Arras, 403. Makes his peace with Charles,
4t;. His herald ill treated at London, 404. Besieges Calais, 405. Re. treats on 
the defiance sent by the duke of Gloucester,
405. Concludes a truce with the English, 407. a, Charles, duke of, makes an 
alliance with Edward IV. of England, ii. 457.
Marries Edward's sister, 457. Assists him with a fleet against the earl of 
Warwick, 463. Assists him covertly after his
expulsion, 467. Renews his alliance with Edward, 473. His death and character, 
478., Margaret, duchess of, her character,
iii. 17. How induced to patronize the pretensions ot Lambert Simnel against 
Henry VIII.,17. Sends forces to his assistance,
17. Raises up the imposture of Perkin Warbee, 38. Her public reception of him, 
40. 13urleigh, Cecil, Lord, discovers to
Elizabeth the duke of Norfolk's conspiracy, iv. 152. Is made treasurer, and with 
others ordered by Elizabeth to prepare the
articles of marriage between her and.the duke of Anjou, 185. lis vigilance and 
artifices in detecting conspiracies, 197. His
death and 

Page 399 
.hiaaeter, 299. bWWs the proposer of- a scheme for levying a generallon,: gL5.1. 
And of exacting money by erecting a
court for the correction of abuses, 352. His computation of the queen's gifts to 
Essex, 362. His magnificent hospitality, 372.
Burley, Sir Simon, short history of, ii. 295. Executed by Gloucester and his 
party, notwithstanding the queen's earnest
solicitation for him, 295. Burton, a divine, is cruelly sentenced by the star 
chamber, iv. 83. His sentence reversed by the
commons, 137. See Bastwick. Butler, a character of his Hudibras, vi. 376. Cabal, 
a character of the ministry known under
that name, vi. 82. The counsels given by, to the king, 83. Remarks on the 
schemes adopted by, 125. Concert a plan for
restoring Popery, 127, it. Cabot, Sebastian, sent out by Henry VII., on 
discovery in America, iii. 76. Discovers
Newfoundland, 76. Cade, John, assumes the name of Mortimer, ii. 424. Heads an 
insurrection in Kent, 424. Gets
possession of London, 425. His followers discouraged and dispersed, 425. Cade 
killed, 425. Cadiz, an expedition against,
under Lord Effingham and the earl of Essex, iv. 290. Is taken and plundered, 
291. Cdedwalla, the last British- chief who
withstood the Saxons, defeated, i. 35. Caen, in Normandy, is taken and 
plundered- by Edward III., ii. 221. Its principal
citizens carried over to England,- 222. Cesar, Julius, invades Britain, i. 4.. 
Calais, in Normandy, is besieged by Edward III.,
ii. 229. The governor reduced to a parley, and his manly behavior therein, 232. 
Edward's rigorous terms to the inhabitants,
232. Queen Philippa's intercession for them, 233. Its inhabitants turned out, 
and peopled with English, 233. The treachery of
the new governor, 234. His double treachery, 234. Great expense of maintaining 
that city, 373. Is besieged by the duke of
Burgundy, 405. The siege raised, 405. Taken by the duke of Guise, iii. 4J8. 
Caledonia remains unsubdued by the Romans, i.
7. See Scotland. Calixtus II., Pope, calls a council at Rheims, i. 260. His 
character of Henry I. of England, 260. Carnbray,
league of, against the Venetians, iii. 83. Peace of, between the emperor Charles 
V. and.Francis I. of France, 180.
Camblridge university, by whom said to be founded, i. 36. Trinity college there, 
when founded, iii. 318. The vice-chancellor
of, suspended for the refusal of a degree to a Benedictine monk recommended by 
James II. vi. 321. Camden, a character of
his history of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 526. Campbel, prior of the Dominicans in 
Scotland, accuses Patrick Hamilton of heresy,
and insults him at the stake, iii. 269. His extraordinary death, 269. Campe, 
peace of, between Henry VIII. of England and
Francis I. of France, iii. 299. Campeggio, Cardinal, is appointed jointly with 
Wolsey, by Pope Clement VII., to try the
validity of the marriage of Henry VIII. with Catharine of, Arragon, iii. 170. 
The trial opened, 172. His abrupt prorogation of
the court, 174. Is deprived of his English bishopric by parliament, 196. 
Campion, a Jesuit, executed for treasonable
practices, iv. 183. Cannon, when first applied with success in sieges, ii. 386. 
Canon law, commissioners appointed by
Edward VI. to frame a body of, iii. 365. Canterbury, the clandestine election of 
Reginald to that see, on the death of Hubert,
i. 407. John de Gray, bishop of Norwich, electedgat the instance of King John, 
408. Appeals to the pope on both sides,
408. Disputes with the pope concerning the election of Ralph de Neville to that 
see, ii. 20. Terminated by the election of
Edmond, 20. The chapter lands of that see seized by Henry VIII., iii. 274. 
Archbishops of, during the reign of James I., iv.
494. During the reign of Charles I., v. 384. 

Page 400 
400 INDEX Canute the Great, son of Sweyn, his ravages in England, i. 112. His 
cruel treatment of the English hostages,
112. Obtains' by compromise with,Edmond Ironside the northern part of his 
kingdom, 114. Succeeds to the crown of
England, 114. His political conduct, 116. Marries Emmlna, widow of Ethelred, 
116. Goes to Denlmark to oppose the
Swedes, 117. Goes again, and conquers Norway, 117. His piety to the church, 118. 
Undertakes a pilgrimage to Rome,
118. Exposes the preposterlms flattery of his courtiers, 118. His expedition 
against the.Scots, 118. his solls, 119. Cape of
Good Hope, first discovered, and a passage to the East Indies that way, iii. 75. 
Capel, Sir William, convicted on some penal
statutes, and fined by Henry VII., iii. 44. Filed again, and comriitted to the 
Tower, 67. Capet, Hugh, state of France at his
accession to that.kingdom, i. 2t"', 289. Caractacus, defeated by the Romans, i. 
5. Carew, Sir Peter, raises an insurrection in
Devonshire against Queen iary, on account of the Spanish match, iii. 402. Is 
suppressed by the earl of Bedford, and flies to
France, 402. r> Carlisle, bishop of, defends the cause of Richard II., when 
accused in parliament, ii. 312. Imprisoned in the
abbey of St. Albans, 314. The city taken from Charles I. by the Scots, v. 314. 
Carolina, when settled, vi. 370). Carre,
Robert, a Scottish gentleman. arrives in London from his travels, iv. 426. Hovw 
introduced to King James I., 426. Is mlade
Viscount Rochester, and promoted to' the privy council, 427. His education 
undertaken by James, 427. Contracts a
friendship with Sir Thomas Overbury, 428. Contracts a familiarity with Lady 
Essex, 429. Is instigated by her to ruin Sir
Thomas Overbury, 430. Procures the divorce of Lady Essex, marries her, and is 
created earl of Somerset, 431. See
Somerset. Carte, Mr., remarks on his account of the first formation of the house 
of commons, ii. 519. His notion of the
nature of the homage paid by the kings of Scotland to those of England, 
examined, 515. Exalination of his account of Perkin
Warbec, iii. 449. Casimir, Prince, leads an army of German Protestants to the 
assistance of the French Hugonots, iv. 162. Is
assisted by Queen Elizabeth with money for this purpose, 164. Cassilis, earl of, 
taken prisoner by the English at the battle of
Solvlwy, iii. 281. Is released by Henry on conditions, 282. Is the only prisoner 
who complies with the order to return to
England, 284. Is graciously treated by. Henry, and released with his brothers, 
284. Castile, Peter, king of, his cruelties, ii.
257. Imprisons and poisons his wife, Blanche de Bourbon, 257. Is chased from his 
dominions by Du) Gues lin, the French
general, 258. Is protected by Prince Edward, 258. Henry, natural brother to 
Peter, seizes the kin[dom, 259. Peter restored
by Prince Edward. 2.59. His ingratitude to Edward, 259. Peter murdered by his 
brother Henry, who obtains the kingdom,
260. Henry intercepts the earl of Pembroke by sea, and takes him and his army 
prisoners, 263. Isabella, queen of, dies, iii.
64. Comes to Philip, arclhduke of Austria, by marriage with Joan, daughter to 
Isabella, on the death of Isabella, 64. Returns
to Ferdinand on the death of Philip, 67 The states of, oppose the emperor 
Charles marrying the princess Mary of England,
163. Castleinaine, earl of, is accused of an intention to assassinate the king, 
but acqruitted, vi. 219. Is sent ambassador to
the pope by James II., 319. Castles, of the nobility, the mischievous purposes 
they served, i. 278. The number of, in
England, in the early part of, the reign of Henry III., ii. 11. Cateau 
Cambresis, peace of, between Philip of Spain, Henry of
France and Elizabeth of England, iv. 12. 

Page 401 
INDEX. 401 Catesby, concerts the famous gunpowder plot, to blow up the king and 
parliament, iv. 400. Flies on the
discovery of the scheme, 405. Is killed, 403. Remarks on his former good 
character, 405.. Catharine, princess of France,
married to Henry V. of England, ii. 366. Brought to bed of a son, afterwards 
Henry VI., 363. Marries, after her husband's
death, Sir Owen Tudor, a Welsh gentleman, and thus founds the future grandeur of 
that name, 370. See Tudor. -_ — of
Arragon, married to Prince Arthur of England, iii. 69. On the death of her 
husband, married to Prince Henry, afterwards
Henry VIII., 61. Henry entertains scruples concerning his marriage with her, 
164. Solicits the emperor her nephew's
assistance, 172. tHer behavior at the trial of her marriage, 172. Her appeal 
received at Rome, 190. Refuses Cranmer's
citation to appear before him, 191. Her marriage declared null, 192. Is degraded 
to the rank of princess dowager of Wales,
but insists on being served as queen, 192. Her death and letter to Henry, 214. 
-- Ioward, Lady. See Howard. —, prrincess
of Portugal, is married to King Charles II., vi. 22. Is accused by Oates and 
Bedloe of being concerned in the Popish plot,
187 Catholics. See Reformation, Protestants, Heresy, etc. Cavaliers, the 
appellation of, when and to whom given, v. 203.
Cavendish, Sir Thomas, his successful expedition against the Spaniards and 
voyage round the world, iv. 250. lCeaulin, son
of Kenric, king of Wessex, his successes against the Britons, i. 41. Crushed by 
a confederacy, under Ethelbert, king of
Kent, 41. Cecil, Sir William, is committed to the Tower, along with the 
protector, Somerset, iii. 363. When secretary of
state, signs the patent for the succession of the lady Jane Gray, 383. Is made 
secretary of state on the accession of Queen
Elizabeth, iv. 4. Encourages her to re.stablish the Protestant religion, 4. 
Represents to Elizabeth the expediency of assisting
the Protestant malecontents in Scotland, 25. Signs the treaty of Edinburgh, with 
Dr. Wotton, on the part of Elizabeth, 28.
Informs the house of commons of the queen's promise to marry, and of her reasons 
against naming a successor, 78. His
advice to Elizabeth, on Mary taking refuge in England, 98. Is appointed one of 
the commissioners to inquire into the conduct
of Mary, 106. Interposes with Queen Elizabeth in favor of the reformation, 1 18, 
n., 119. His great influence over Elizabeth,
121. Is sent with proposals to Mary, who concludes a treaty with Elizabeth, 130. 
Writes a lettei to -Lenox, the regent, on
this business, calculated to frustrate it, 131. Is created Lord Burleigh, 152. 
See Burleigh., Sir Robert, is made secretary of
state, iv. 294. Is made master of the wards, 312. Is created earl of Salisbury, 
381. See Salisbury. a —, Sir Edward, is sent
with a fleet against Cadiz, but fails, v. 11. Is forced to return, by the plague 
among his men, 11. Celestine II., Pope, refuses
to absolve Philip of France from his engagements to Richard I. of England, i. 
376. Renews the legatine authority to
Longchamp, bishop of Ely, 377. Is wrote to by Eleanor, queen dowager of England, 
on the captivity of Richard in Germany,
382. Threatens the emperor with excommunication on this account, 385. Celibacy, 
the political motives of enforcing it on the
Romish clergy, i. 85. Svnods called to establish it, 209, 2~58. See Reformation. 
Cenulph, king of Mercia, his unfortunate
reign, i. 43. Ceodwalla, king of Wessex, his history, i. 42. Ceorles, among the 
Anglo-Saxons, import of that denomination, i.
162. Cerdic the Saxon arrives in Britain with his son Kenric, i. 18. Defeats the 
Britons, 18. Establishes the kingdom of
~Wessex, 19. See Wessex. Cerirmbra, in Portugal, rich carrack taken there, by an 
English fleet, iv. 339. Chair, sedan, the
first seen in England, used by the duke of Buckinghamn iv. 605. Gave great 
indignation at first to the people, 505. 34 e 

Page 402 
102 INDEX. Chalons, rencontre there, between Edward I. and the French knights, 
incensed at his successes in a
tournament there, ii. 71.. Chamberlain, Thomas, is executed for robbing the fair 
at Boston in Lincolnshire, ii. 79.
Champernon, Henry, raises, with Queen Elizabeth's leave, a body of volunteers to 
assist the French Protestants, iv. 144.
Chancellor of England, the nature of his office in the time of Henry II., i. 
296. A list of those during the reign of James I., iv.
404. During the reign of Charles I., v. 384. Chapter lands, seized by Herivy 
VIII. from the sees of Canterbury, York and
London, iii. 274. Charlemagne, emperor, enters into an alliance with Offa, king 
of Mercia, i. 39. His bigoted cruelty to the
pagans in Germany, 51. Consequences of his conduct, 52. Charles, Prince, second 
son of James I. becomes prince of
Wales by the death of his elder brother, Henry, iv. 425. A marriage with the 
second daughter of Spain proposed for him,
453. Is persuaded by Buckingham to go to Madrid to visit the infanta, 475. The 
difficulty with which he obtained permission
of James, 476. His reception in Spain, 47g. Returns home, 480. Obtains a high 
character in Spain, 480. Is persuaded by
Buckingham to oppose the marriage, 481. Vouches the truth of:Buckingham's 
misrepresentation of the affair to parliament,
484. A marriage with the princess Henrietta of France proposed, 491. Death of 
his father, 493. See the next article. I.
summons a parliament on his accession, v. 1. Prorogues it on account of his 
marriage with the princess Henrietta,-l. Inquiry,
into the cause of the small supply voted to him by the commons, 3. Character of 
the duke of Buckingham, andshis great
influence over him, 3. A plan concerted by the commons for the assertion of' 
civil liberty, 5. Entertains high ideas of
monarchical power, 6. Adjourns the parliament to Oxford on account of the 
plague, 6. Represents his necessities to
parliament, 6. Is refused on account of the assistance sent against the 
Rochellers, 8. His moderation towards the Catholics
aggravates the popular disquiets, 10. Dissolves the parliament on the plague 
appearin'g at Oxford, 10. Issues privy seals for
borrowing money, 10. Ineffectual attempt on Cadiz, 11. Calls a second 
parliament, 11. Threatens the commoners, 15.
Imprisons two commoners who managed Buckingham's impeachment, 15. Is forced to 
release them, 16. His reflections on
the proceedings of the commons, 18. Dissolves the parliament, 19. Publishes a 
declaration in defence of himself, 19. Raises
money by dispensing with the penal laws against Catholics, 20. Solicits loans 
from the nobility and from the city, 20. Is
refused by the city, 20. Levies ship money for the first time, 21. Resolves to 
levy a general loan, 21. Imprisons those who
refuse compliance, 22. Other oppressions exercised on refusal, 25. Engages in a 
war with France, 26. Sends a fleet to the
assistance of the Hugonots in Rochelle, 29. Calls a third parliament, 31. His 
threatening address to it, 32. Five subsidies
voted by the commons, 36. Sends a message to the house, 41.. His further 
expostulations with the.commons, 41. And with
the lords, 41. His evasive manner of passing the petition of right, 42. Gives 
his full assent to it, 45. Prorogues the parliament,
47. His behavior on information of Buckingham's assassination, 49. Discovers an 
intention to elude the petition of right, 51.
Levies tonnage and poundage, aftem the expiration of the grant of those duties, 
52. Pleads his necessity for this measure, 53.
The commons insist on his discontinuing this prerogative, 53. His embarrassment 
at this demand, 54. His religious
sentiments, 57. His quarrel with the commonsv augmented on the subject of 
tonnage and poundage, 58. Dissolves the
parliament, 59. Imprisons some of the members, 59. Makes peace with France and 
Spain, 62. Assists Gustavus, king of
Sweden, in his invasion of Germany, 63. His domestiq 

Page 403 
tNDEX. 403 character, 64. Promotes the popular leaders, 65. Chazacters of 
Strafford and Laud, 66.. Orders by
proclamation no one to propose the calling of another parliament, 72. Levies 
money irregularly by his regal authority, 73.
Encourages the magnificent repair of St. Paul's cathedral, 74. Revives 
monopolies, 75. Enlarges the powers of the council of
York, and court of star chamber, 75. Renews his father's edict for recreations 
on Sunday, 77. Takes a journey to Scotland,
78. Levies ship money over the whole kingdom, 79. Arbitrary sentences of the 
star chamber, 80, 82.. Equips a fleet to
attack the Dutch herring fishery, and obtains a sum for license to fish, 83. 
Stops the emigration of Puritans to America, 85.
Trial of John Hambden for refusing to pay ship money, 88. Reason of his 
attachment to church authority, 94. Declares a
general resumption of crown lands in Scotland, 95. Introduces the canons and 
liturgy there, 97. Tumults at Edinburgh on this
account, 99. Enforces the liturgy by proclamation, 100. Revolt of the Scots, and 
the covenant framed, and universally
subscribed, 101. Sends the marquis of Hamilton to treat with the Covenanters, 
101. Frames a covenant on his part, which is
rejected, 103. Episcopacy abolished in Scotland by the general assembly, 105. 
Refuses the proposal of a neutrality as to the
Low Countries, 105. Sends the marquis of Hamilton with a fleet and army against 
the Scots, 108. Joins an army under the
earl of Arunldel, and marches to Berwick, 108. Receives proposals for a treaty 
from the Covenanters, 108. His reflections
on the proposal, 109. Concludes an imprudent pacification with them, 110. How 
induced to this measure, 110. Disbands his
army, 112. Assembles a fourth parliament, after an interval of eleven years, 
112. Lays before it an intercepted letter from the
Scots malecontents to the king of France, 113. His pleas for supplies, 113. 
Desires the good offices of the peers with the
commons, 116. His concessions to the commons, 118. Dissolves the parliament 
abruptly, 119. His arbitrary proceedings
against obn6xious members, 119. Publishes a declaration of his reasons for 
dissolving the parliament, 120. His schemes for
supplying himself with money, 121. Prepares another armament against the Scots, 
122. Names commissioners to treat with
the Scots at Rippon, 123. Summons a great council of the peers at York, 123. The 
treaty of Rippon adjourned to London,
125. Meeting of the long parliament, 128. Promises the earl of Strafford 
protection, 130. Impeachment of Strafford, 130.
Of Laud. 131. Of Pinch, 132. Votes of the commons regarding grievant es, 133. 
His observation to parliament on their
proceedings, 140. End avors to regain confidence by complying to the disposition 
of parliament, 148. Receives limited
grants for tonnage and poundage, 148. Pam'ses. the act for triennial 
parliaments, 149. Changes his ministry, 159.
Ccuntersigns the petition of the army, 163. Interposes with the lords in favor 
of Strafford, 164. Stratford's letter to him, 165.
Gives his assent to Strafford's attainder by commission, 166. Passes the bill 
for not proroguing, adjourning, or dissolving the
parliament without their own consent, 166. Passes the bill for abolishing the 
high-commission court and star chamber, 170.
Goes to visit Scotland, 172. A committee of both houses appointed to attend him, 
172. Laws passed by the Scots
parliament, 175. Endeavors to conciliate the affections of the Scots, 177. Is 
obliged by the English commons to reduce the
Irish army, 179. Is thwarted in his intention of sending the disbanded men into 
the Spanish service, 179. Sir Phelim O'Neale
forges a commission from him for the Irish massacre, 187. Communicates his 
intelligence of the irish insurrection to the Scots
parliament, 188. Informs the English parliament of it, 188. Returns to London, 
and is presented with the remonstrance and
petition of the commons, 197. Answers the remonstrance, 198. Impeaches Lord 
Kimbolton and five commoners, 205.
Orders the impeached members to be delivered up, 207. Goes himself to the house 
to demand them, 207. Orders a
common council of Londou 

Page 404 
4104 IPNDEX. tr be assembled, which he attends, 208. His treatment by the 
Londoneus, 208. Retires to Hampton Court,
210. Remarks on his conduct towards parliament, 210. Messages between hini'and 
the parliament, 211. )Passes the bill sent
to him, 214. The commodns prepare to defend the ir measures by aris, 215. Evades 
assentinlg to the bill appointing the
lieutenants of co0i1ties by the commonss, 216. His reply to their solicitations 
to pass it, 217. lRemoves to York, 219. Is
encouraged by the principal nobility and gentry, 219. Refuses to pass the,ilitia 
bill, and issues proclalnlations against the
proceedings ot the commons, 219. Answers their mremorials by the assistance of 
Lord Falkland, 222. Issues commissions
of array, in opposition to the militia, 22:2. Is refused admittance to Hull, 
222. The county of York levies a guard for him,
222. Receives mrilitary stores from HIolland, 224. His answer to the 
propositions of agreement, sent by the parliament, 225.
Erects his standard at Nottingham, 226. State of parties at the commnencement of 
the civil war, 227. His revenue stopped
by parliarnent, 228. Is prevailed upon to make overtures for a treaty, 231. His 
declarations before his army, 234. Prince
Rupert defeats a party of Essex's army, 235. Marches from Shrewsbury to meet 
Essex, 235. Battle of Edgehill, 236. Takes
possession of Oxford, 237. Marches towards Londoni, 238. Receives an address 
from the parliament for a treaty, 238.
Defeats two regiments at Brentford, 238. Returns to Oxford, 238. Demands of the 
parliament in the negotiation there, 239.
Reading taken from him by the earl of Essex, 240. Cornwall reduced to obedience 
to him by Sir Ralph Hopton, 243. His
generals defeat the parliament commanders at Bradoc Down and Stratton, 244. 
Sends Prince Maurice and the marquis of
Hertford into the west, 245. Lord Wilmot, sent with cavalry to the west, defeats 
Sir William ialler on Roundway Down, 246.
Receives a retnforcement brought over by the queen, 247. Bristol taken by Prince 
Rupert, 248. Publishes a manifesto, and
renews his protestation, 249. Joins the camp at Bristol, 249. Besieges 
Gloucester, 2,50. Raises the siege on the approach of
Essex, 255. Battle of Newbury, 255. Establishes a garrison in Reading, 256. 
Applies to Ireland for assistance, 258. His
reply to the offer of mediation made by the Scots commissioners, 260. Orders 
Ormond to conclude a cessation with the
Irish rebels, 266. Receives troops from Ormond, 266. A vindication of his 
innocence as to the Irish rebellion, 541.
Endeavors to form a parliament at Oxford, in opposition to that at London, 269. 
Circulates privy seals for loans, 270.
Solicits a treaty, 271. Declares the parliament at Westminster not to be a free 
one, or entitled to authority, 271. Writes to
the parliament, which rejects his offers, 271. Prince Rupert is defeated at 
MIai:ston Moor, 275. York anld Newcastle taken
from him, 277. Appoints Ruthven, earl of Brentford, general under himr, 278. 
Routs Sir William Waller at Cropredy Bridge,
278. Reduces Essex's army in the west, 279. Is defeated at Newbury, 280. Makes 
fresh proposals for a treaty, 289. Sends
commissioners to Uxbridge, 291. His offers with regard to church government, 
292. His offers with regard to the militia,
293. The licentious disposition and practices of his troops, 3()8. Relieves 
Chester, 309. Takes Leicester, 30;9. Battle of
Naseby, 310. Is defeated, 311. His cabinet of letters seized, and published by 
the parliament, 312. Recalls Prince Rupert's
commission on the loss of Bristol, 314. Is again defeated at Chester, 314. 
Retires to Oxford, 314. Lord Astley defeated,
317. His fortitude under his disasters, 317. Is refused a treaty by the 
parliament, 317. His commission to the earl of
Glamorgan with regard to Ireland, 318. Glamorgan's conduct, 318. Justifies 
himself in this affair, 319. Retires friom Oxford,
and puts himself into the hands of the Scots army before Newark, 323. Is put 
under a guard by them, 323. His treatment by
the preachers, 324. Is obliged to order his garrisons to surrender, 324. 
Receives fresh proposals from the parliament and
the-Scots, 325. Is delivered up to the English commissioners, 328, 

Page 405 
INDEX. 405 Is conducted to Holdenby, 328. Is seized by Cornet Joyce, and 
conveyed to the arlmy, 335. The indulgence
of the army towards him, 341. The army enters into treaty with him, for the 
settlement of the nation, 343. His offers to
Cromwell and Ireton, 343. Is brought by the army to Hampton Court, 347. His 
confinement increased, 348. Flies to the Isle
of Wight, 349. Intrusts hilnsel' to Hammond, the governor, who lodges him ill 
Carisbroke Castle, 349. Negotiates again with
the parliament, 352. The parliament votes against all further treaty with him, 
S54. Is closely confined, 354. The Scots
commissioners treat with him for arming Scotland in his favor, 3.56. A fleet in 
the river declares for him, 368. Treats with
commissioners of the parliament, sent for that purpose, 360. The pointl debated 
between them, 361. Is again seized by the
army, and confined in Hurst Castle, 366. Is brought to *London to be tried, 371. 
His trial opened, 372. I-lls speech against
the authority of the court, 372. Is condemned, 374. Reflections on this event, 
374. His behavior after sentence, 374. His
execution, 377. His character, 379. His children, 384. Inquiry into the 
authenticity of the Icozn Basilike, 384. Character of
this work, and its supposed influence in producing the restoration of his son, 
385. His love for the fine arts, 527. Ilis pictures
and furniture sold, 528. His death, how first resolved upon, 549. Vindicated 
from the charge of insincerity, 551. harles,
prince of Wales, son of Charles I., is sent by his father, general into the 
west, v. 313. Retires over to Paris to his mother,
315. Takes command of a fleet which declarec for the king, 358. Is proclaimed 
king by the Scots, 389. Is obliged to
remove from HIolland, 399. Desires the Scots commissioners to attend him at 
Breda, 400. The terms proposed to him
there, 400. His treatment on landing in Scotland, 407. The declaration he is 
forced to publish, 408. Is obliged to sign twelve
articles of repentance, 409. Goes to the Scots camp, but is ordered by the 
clergy to leave it, 411. Is crowned at Scone,
414. Is reproved by a committee of ministers for his gallantries, 414. Is 
detected in an attempt to escape, 415. Is permitted
to join the camp, 415. Marches intb England, 416. Is routed by Cromwell at 
Worcester, 417.'Secretes himself at Boscobel,
417. Travels in disguise to Bristol, 418. Takes-refuze with Colonel Windham, 
418. Embarks at Shoreham, in Sussex, for
Normandy, 421. Encourages an insurrection. of the royalists against the 
protector, 452. Is forced to retire from France,
457. Forms a league with Philip of Spain, and keeps a court at Bruges, 480. His 
reception by the French and Spanish
ministers, at the treaty of the Py'renees, 500. Sends a letter to Monk, 504. His 
letter delivered to parliament, 516. Ile is
proclaimed, 517. - II. is restored by parliament, v. 517. The respect shown to 
him by foreign.powers on this event, 517.
Lands at Dover, 518. His character and personal qualifications, vi. 1. Forms his 
ministry, 2. Settlement of the state, 3. The
late king's judges ordered to surrender, on pain of exclusion from pardon, 3. 
Passes an act of indemnity, 4. His revenue
settled, 4. Restores Episcopacy and the liturgy, 11. His reasons for restoring 
Episcopacy in Scotland, 14. Restores the
bishops to their seats in parliament, 18. All military authority surrendered to 
him, 19 The regulation of corporations granted
to him, 20. His motives for marrying Catharine of Portugal, 23. Sells Dunkirk to 
the French, 23.Issues the declaration of
indulgence, 29. Is attached to the Catholic religion, 35. lBecomes disgusted 
with Clarendon, 33. Is ruled by his mistress, the
duchess of Clevelind, 33. His character and conduct, 33. Demands, and obtains, a 
repeal of the triennial act, 35. Sends Sir
Robert Holhmes to attack the Dutch settlements, 38. Obtains a sum froni the 
citey of London for the Dutch war, 39.
Declares war against the United Provinces, 40. Endeavors to engage France to 
unite against the Dutch, 42. Denmark
declares against him, 43. Passes the five. mile act, 45. Makes aidvances towarda 
a peace with the states., 52 

Page 406 
106 INDEX. Treaty of Breda, 55. Banishment of Clarendon, 59. Concludes the 
triple alliance, 65. Treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, 66. Is forced to pass the bill against the importation of Irish 
cattle, 75. As also the act against conventicles,
80. Character of his cabal ministry, 82. The counsels iv.stilled into him by, 
83. Is prevailed on to desert the triple alliance,
and to league with France, by his sister the duchess of Orleans, 86. Is 
influenced also by his French mistress, the duchess of
Portsmouth, 87. Pardons Blood for his attempt on the regalia, and takes him 
ijito favor, 92. Bestows a peerage and the
treasurer's staff on Sir Thomas Clifford, for his expedient of shutting up the 
exchequer, 95. A second declaration of
indulgence, 96. Suspension of the navigation act, 96. Martial law revived, 96. 
Declares war against the Dutch, 98. His
reflections on the successes of Lewis in the Low Countries, 108. His demands 
from the states, 108. His speech to
parliament, 113. His declaration of indulgence opposed by the commons, 115. 
Recalls the declaration, 117. Prorogues the
parliament, 122. Asks advice of parliament respecting making peace with the 
Dutch, 123. Peace concluded, 123. Proof of
his entering into a scheme for restoring Popery, 127, n. Duplicity of his 
conduct on this occasion, 127, n. Sir
William-Temple's free remonstrance to him, 129. Is unable to obtain a supply for 
taking off anticipations of his revenue, 135.
Suppresses coffee-houses by proclamlation, 136. Recalls the proclamation, 137. 
His embarrassed situation at the time of the
congress of Nimeguen, 142. His speech to parliament, 143. Is exhorted by 
parliament to guard against the growing power
of France,, 145. Requests supplies, and pledges his honor for the proper 
application of them, 145. Is addressed by the
parliament to form an alliance with the states against France, 148. Adjourns the 
parliament, 148. Secretly signs a treaty with
France, and obtains a pension from that court, on promise of his neutrality, 
148. Receives the prince of Orange at
Newmarket, 149. Concludes a marriage between him and the princess Mary, 150. 
Concerts the terms of peace with the
prince, 151. Sends the terms to Paris, 151. His instructions to Sir William 
Temple, with Temple's reply, 152. Concludes an
alliance with the states, to oblige France to peace, 153. The parliament still 
distrustful of him, 153. Receil'es a passionate
address from the 6ommons, 154. Concludes a treaty with the states to oblige 
Lewis to an immediate evacuation of the
towns in Flanders, 156. His conduct in regard to the treaty of Nimeguen, 160. 
His observation on the complaints made of
Lauderdale's administration in Scotland, 170. Is warned of a Popish plot, 171. 
Publishes proclamations for the discovery of
the murderers of Sir Edmondbury Godfrey, 182. H-is speech to parliament, 182. 
Ridicules the Popish plot privately, 186.
Protects his queen from the accusation of Oates and Bedloe, 187. Refuses to pass 
the militia bill, 188. His private contract
with Lewis, for the peace of Nimeguen, discovered by Danby's letter, in'the 
house of commons, 188. Dissolves the
parliament to screen Danby, 190. Is obliged to summon a parliament again for 
money, 194. Desires his brother to retire
beyond sea, 195. Declares the illegitimacy of the duke of Monmouth, 196. Asserts 
the prerogative of rejecting the speaker
chosen by the commons, 196. The pretension compromised, 196. Asserts his 
intention of protecting Danby against the
resentment of the commons, 196. Chooses a new council by the advice of Sir 
William Temple, 200. A. list of the new
council, 200, n. Proposes to parliament l1mitations on a Popish successor to the 
crown, 201. Habeas corpus a't rassed,
204. The parliament takes advantage of his necessities, 205. Prorogues, and 
after dissolves the parliament, 207. The
popularity of his behavior, 215. Is prevailed on by the duke of York to deprive 
Monmouth of his command, and send him
abroad, 216. Is strongly petitioned for a parliament, 218. His speech to the new 
parliament, 220. Evades passing a repeal of
the thirty-fifth of Elizabeth, 235. Dissolves the parliament, and summnns 
another to meet at Oxford, 236. His 

Page 407 
INDEX. 407 speech to the new parliament, 237. Dissolves it, 239. Persecutes the 
dissenters, 256. Issues a writ of quo
warranto against the city of London, 258. Conditions on which he restored the 
charter, 259. Makes profit by the surrender
of corporation charters, 260. How he escaped the Rye-house plot, 264. His 
motives for not sparing Lord Russel, 269.
Marries the lady Anne to Prince George of Denmark, 277. Paiticulars of a private 
agreement between him and Lewis XIV.,
279, n. Is conjectured to have intended an alteration of his political measures, 
280. Dies, 281. His private character, 281.
His political character, 282. Compared with the emperor Tiberius, 283. The Royal 
Society instituted by him, 373. Why
unable to encourage literary merit. 373. Charles the Simple, king of France, 
resigns Neustria to Rollo the Dane, and gives
him his daughter, i. 107. - the Fair, king of France, the grounds of his dispute 
with Edward II. of England, ii. 161. Secretly
countenances the conspiracy of his sister, Queen Isabella, against Edward, 163., 
dauphin of France, is seduced by Charles,
king of Navarre, ii. 239. Repents, and betrays Charles into the hands of his 
father, John, 239. His government renounced on
his father's captivity, and all affairs thrown into confusion, 247. Rejects the 
dishonorable treaty concluded by his father at
London, 250. His prudent disposition on Edward's in vasion, 250. Succeeds to the 
crown on his father's death, 255. The
first acts of his reign, 255. Acknowledges the young count de Mountfort, duke of 
Brittany, 256. Is engaged by the count de
Transtamare to invade Peter, king of Castile, 257. Summons Prince Edward to 
Paris, 262. Invades the English provinces in
France, 262. a- VI. of France, his situation compared with that of Richard II. 
of6 England, ii. 350. Disorders the kingdom
became subject to, from the devolving of the regal power on the duke of Orleans 
and' Burgundy, on his insanity, 351. See
France, Burgundy, and Orleans. Dies, 370. -- VII. of France, his character, and 
situation at the death of his father, ii. 375.
His distressed situation after the battle of Verneuil, 381. How recovered from 
his despair on the siege of Orleans, 388.
Determines, on the success of Joan d'Arc, to take the field, 395. Marches into 
Rheims, and is crowned there, 396. His
volunteer army disbands, 397. Makes peace with the duke of Burgundy at Arras, 
403. His ad vantages in the war with the
English, 406. Concludes a truce with the English, 409. His prudent employment of 
this interval, 414. Renews the war, 414.
Takes Rouen, and recovers the province of Normandy, 415. Recovers Guienne, 415. 
Dies, 450. -- VIII., king/of France,
encourages the Flemings in their opposition to his father-in-law, Maximilian, 
king of the Romans, iii. 21. Invades Brittany by
invitation of the barons, 23. Marries the duchess of Brittany, 33. Returns the 
daughter of Maximilian, to whom he had been
contracted, 33. Makes peace with Spain, and his cessions to that court, 36. 
Receives Perkin Warbec, and patronizes him,
39. Invades Italy, 47. IX. of France, his mother, Catharine de NIedicis, 
appointed regent during his minority, iv. 32. See
Medicis. League of Bayonne for the extirpation of the Hugonots, 71. Is forced to 
an accommodation with the prince of
Conde, 143. Concludes a second accommodation with the Protestants, 145. His 
dissimulation towards the Protestant
leaders, 156. Marries his sister to the prince of Nai arre, 157. Orders the 
poisoning of the queen of Navarre, 157.
Massacre of Paris, 157. The massacre of the Hugonots extended to the provinces, 
158. Extorts a recantation of the
Protestant religion from the young king of Navarre, and prince of Conde, 158. 
Calumniates the Protestants at foreign courts,
to palliate these barbarities, 158. His death, and character, 161. --—, grandson 
of Ferdinand of Arragon, succeeds him in
the kingdom of Spain, iii. 115. Is chosen emperor of Germany, 120 

Page 408 
408 INDEX. Charles V., emperor of Germany, his character compared with that of 
his competitor, Francis I. of France, iii.
120. His extensive dominions, 120. Motives of his visit to Henry VIII., 122. 
Pays his court to Cardinal Wolsey, 122. A
second interview between him and Henry at G ravelines, 124. His grants to 
Wolsey, 125. Makes war against France, 125.
His exorbitant demands from Francis. 125. Concludes an alliance with the pope 
and Henry against Francis, 126. Conies
over again to England, 136. Renews his court to Wolsey, 136. Is installed knight 
of the garter, 136. The duke of Bourbon
revolts against Francis, and enters his service, 144. Invades France, and takes 
Fontarabia, 145. A new treaty between him
and Henry for the invasion of France, 147. Invades Provence, 147. Battle of 
Pavia, and captivity of Francis, 149. His
hypocrisy on this occasion, 149. His exorbitant demands for the ransom of 
Francis, 155. Removes Francis to Madrid, 155.
Visits him, 155. Restores Francis by the treaty of Madrid, 155. His hypacrisv on 
the news of the taking of Rome by the
imperial troops, 159. War declared against him by France and England, 161. 
Challenges Francis to single combat, 161.
Intimidates the pope, 168. Peace of Cambray with Francis, 180. Sultan Solyman 
conquers Hungary, and-besieges Vienna,
181. Makes advances towards an accommodation with Henry, 215. His unsuccessful 
invasion of France, 216. Concludes a
truce with Francis for ten years, 240. Asks of Francis permission to pass 
through France to the Netherlands, 260. Is
honorably received and conducted through, 260. His ungrateful insincerity 
towards Francis, 266. Irritates Henry against
Francis, and concludes all alliance with him, 266, 286. His remark on Henry's 
suppression of the monasteries, 287. Reduces
the duchy of Cleves, 288. Besieges Landrecy, 288. Is forced to abandon the 
siege, 288. Invades France in concert with
Henry, 293. Takes St. Disier, 293. Concludes a separate peace with Francis, 294. 
His conduct relating to the council of
Trent, 329. His artful and treacherous t)ehavior towards the princes of the 
Protestant league, 330. His reasons for declining
an alliance with the protector Somerset on the part of Edward VI., 359. Is 
reduced to grant an equitable peace to the
Protestants, by Maurice, elector of Saxony, 397. Makes an unsuccessful attempt 
on Metz, 397. Proposes his son Philip as a
husband to Queen BMary of England, 398. His reasons for stopping Cardinal Pole 
on his journey to England, 399. Sends
over a large sum to bribe the English parliament, 407. Instructs Cardinal Pole 
to exhort Mary to moderation towards her
Protestant subjects, 419. Resigns all his hereditary dominions to his son 
Philip, 430. Retires to a monastery in Estremadura,
430. His employment in his retreat, 431. His character compared with that of 
Pope Paul IV., 432. -, king of Navarre, some
account of, and his character, ii 237. Procures Charles de la Cerda, constable 
of France, to be assassinated, and his
behavior on that occasion, 238. John, king of France, purchases a peace with 
him, 239. Seduces the dauphin Charles, who
betrays him into the hands of his father, 239. Is thrown into prison, 239. 
Escapes, 249. - X., of Sweden, his success in the
north, v. 455. Besieges Copenhagen, but is forced to desist by an English and 
Dutch fleet, 499. -— de Blois marries the
niece of John III., duke of Brittany, and is acknowledged successor to that 
duchy, ii. 212. Besieges the countess de
Mountfort in Hennebonne, 214. Is forced to raise the siege by the arrival of 
succors from England, 215. Is taken prisonei by
the countess de Mountfort, 230. Is slain in Brittany, 255. Charmnouth, battle 
there between the English andDanes, i. 52.
Charter of liberties granted to the English by Henry I., i. 242. Review of this 
charter, 245. Renewed by Stephen, and
confirmed by Henry, 423. The Great Charter, called Magna Charta, granted by 
John, 429. The principal heads of this
charter, 429. Remarks upon it, 431, 473. Securities rthe fulfilment of it, 432. 
A new one granted by Henry III., ii. l 

Page 409 
INDEX. 409 rhe differences between this charter' and the Iagtna Charta of John, 
53v A contirmation of it by Henry, 4. A
charter of forests granted by him, 4. The Great Charter renewed and confirmed by 
a parliamlent at O'xfoird 10. A solemn
confirmation of the Great Charter by Henry, 29. The two charters confirmed by 
parliament at home, and by Edward I. in
Flakn ders, 116. Are confirmed by him in the fullest manner on his retulrnM with 
further securities, 117. A free and full
confirmation of them by EB'g ward I., 118. Above twenty parliamentary 
confirmations of the Greyl Charter, granted by
Edward III., 268. Chartres, the city of, besieged by the prince of CondO, iv. 
143. Chateau Gaillard, on the frontier of
Normandy, described, i. 403. Is bh siegediand taken by Philip of France, 404. 
Chatelrault, the earl of Arran created duke
of, iii. 343. Resigns his au thority, as regent of Scotland, to the queen 
dowager, 440. Interposes an~d effects an
accommodation between the queen regent and the CoOn gregationz of the Lord, iv. 
24. Joins the Colnqregation, 24. Is
discon. tented at the marriage of Mary with the lord'Darnley, 68. Enters into a 
conspiracy against Mary at Stirling, 69. Is
forced to take refuge in England, 70. Is pardoned on condition of retiring to 
France, 70. Arrives in London during-the
conference at York, but is detained by Elizabeth till Murray's return, 111. Lays 
down his arms on the detection ofq
Norfolk's conspiracy, 156. Chauntry, what, iii. 297, n. Cherington, battle 
there, between Waller and Hopton, v. 273.
Chester, when first erected into a bishopric, iii. 245. Child, Sir Josiah, his 
account of the great increase of wealth after the
red toration, vi. 370. Chivalry, the passion for, when first introduced among 
the English, i. 473: The romantic principles of,
deduced, 473. How improved during the times of the crusades, 473. Christ Church, 
Oxford, history of its first foundation,
iii. 318. Christianity, its first introduction among the Anglo-Saxons, i. 23. 
Church, the power of, in the times of the
Anglo-Norman kings, i. 472. The authority of, detached from the state, by the 
ill-judged policy of William the Conqueror,
473. Estimate of its revenues in the reign of Henry IV., ii. 341. Proposal 
formed by the commons to convert thew to civil
purposes, 341. For its reformation from Popery, see Refornation. An examination 
of its principles of reformation, iv. 115.
Reflections on the revolution of its doctrines concerning the absolute decrees 
of God, 503. Churchill, Captain, distinguishes
himself in the French army against the imperialists, vi. 138. Joins the prince 
of Orange, on his invasion of England, 345.
Circuits, by itinerant justices, established by Henry II., i. 348. Cities in 
England, the state of,. at the time of the Norman
conquest, i. 161. See Corporations. Civil laws, a view of the state of, as 
modelled by the Anglo-Norman kings, i. 472. Civil
society, the advantages of, in comparison of barbarous ages, i. 171. Claims, a 
court of, erected, for-the division of lands in
Ireland, vi. 73. Clanricarde, earl of, forms a combination among the Irish 
Catholics, and drives the nuncio Rinuccini out of
the island, v. 392. Invites Ormond back from France, 392. Is obliged to submit 
to the parliament, retires, and dies, 42.5.
Clarence, Lionel, duke of, second son of Edward III., a brief view of his life, 
ii. 266. Thomas, duke of, son of Henry IV., ii.
343. Attends his brother Henry V. to Troye, 364. Defeated and slain at: the 
battle of BaugO,367. George, duke of, second
brother to Edward IV., leagues with the earl- of Warwick, ii. 45G, Marries his 
daughter, 456. Confused accounts VWo.
VI. 35 

Page 410 
410 INDEX. of their subsequent operations, 458. Raises men in conjunction wit* 
Warwick, but, despairing of success,
disbands them, and flies to France, 460. Secretly reconciled to his brother 
Edward, 463. Deserts with his forces from
Waiwick, 470. Hindered from marrying the heiress of BurIgundy, by his brother 
Edward, 478. Prosecution and execution of
two of his friends, Burdet and Stacy, 480. Confined and tried for his 
reflections on these proceedings, 480. Drowned in a
butt of malmsey, 481 Reflections on the unfortunate fates of his children, 481. 
[Clarendon, summary of the constitutions of, i.
303. Subscribed by the Bbishops, 305. Abrogated by Pope Alexander, 306. A".-~, 
Hyde, earl of, and chancellor, his
character as an historian, v. 532. Persuades Charles II. to disband the 
republican army, vi. 9. His character and influence
with the king, 9. His daughter married to the duke of York, 10. Is impeached in 
the house of lords, by the earl of Bristol, 33.
Causes of the decline of his credit with the king, 33. The causes of his 
fall.inquired into, 66. The'great seal taken from him,
57. Is im peached by the commons, 57. Retires to Calais, and writes from thence 
to the house of lords, 58. Is banished, and
composes his history of the civil wars, 59. Review of his life and conduct, 59. 
Claypole, Mrs., daughter of Oliver Cromwell,
her character and death, v. 483. Clement V., Pope, the order of knights templars 
abolished by him, ii. 171. I VI., of the
family of Medicis, elected to the papacy, iii. 142, Grants to WVolsey the 
legatine commission for life, 142.. Gives Francis I.
of France a dispensation from fulfilling the treaty of Madrid,157. Rome sacked 
by the imperial troops, and himself taken
prisoner, 158. Is applied to by- Henry VIII. for a divorce from Catharine of 
Arragon, 166. Causes of his hesitation in that
affair, 167. His character, 168. Is intimidated by the emperor, 168. Grants a 
commission to Campeggio and Wolsey, to try
the king's marriage, 170. Evokes the cause to Rome, 174. Receives Queen 
Catharine's appeal, 190. Is instigated by the
conclave to proceed to extremities against Henry, but only threatens him, 193. 
Is disgusted with Charles, and leagues with
Francis, 193. Motives which prevented an accommodation with Henry, 193. 
Pronounces sentence against Henry
precipitately, which he afterwards repents, 194. His authority renounced by the 
English convocation and parliament, 197.
Dies, 212. - Prince, of Bavaria, is chosen elector of Cologne, vi. 338. ~-__ - 
-Jaques, assassinates Henry III. of Frannce, iv.
273. Clementines and Urbanists, the source of those distinctions, ii. 323. 
Clergy, review of the usurpations of, in the reign of
Henry II., i. 295. Their artifices to obtain money, 301. Claim an exemption from 
the civil magistrate,'302. Enormities
committed by, 302. How they evaded the celibacy enjoined them, 413. Reflections 
on their case, 413. By what titles they
obtained seats in the ancient feudal parliaments, 451. Of use as mediators in 
disputes between the kings and their barons, ii.
11. Italian, an estimate of the value of their benefices in England, in the 
early part of the reign of Henry III., 22. Deprived of
all protection from the laws, by Edward I., on their refusal to grant him 
supplies, 112. The bad circumstances to which they
were reduced by this exclusion, 112. Are reduced to compliance, 113. A view of 
the supplies granted by, to Edward I.,
140.. Wfhy assiduous in promoting the study and observance of civil law, 509. 
Not to beg without a license, in the time of
Henry VII., iii. 74. All obliged to take the oath of supremacy, by act of 
Elizabeth's parliament, iv. 58. Their disposition
towards Romish ceremonies and church authority, under the countenance of Bishop 
Laud,- v. 71.. The right of taxing their
revenues resigned to parliament, vi. 39. Parochial, obtain the right of:.voting 
at elections, 40. See Church, and Bishops. -,
reformed, in Scotland, their gross. behavior to Mary, on,.her arrival in 
Scotland, iv. 37. Are ruled in this by John Knox, 38.
The real cause of their ill humor, 41. See Knox, Reformation. Assembly, Con. 
grepntinn of the Lora. Ecclesiastical
Commiesion, and Scotland. 

Page 411 
INDEX. 4 11 Cle gy, of tile church of Rome, their authority and union dangerous 
to the civil magistrate, iii. 130. But the
encouragement of the fine arts in some measure owing to them, 130. See 
Indulgences, Luther, and Reformation. Clermont, a
council called there by Pope Martin II., to resolve on a holy war, i. 228. 
Cleveland, duchess of, mistress to Charles II., her
character and influence over the king, vi. 33. Cleves. See Anne of. Clifford, 
Sir Robert, engages in the imposture of Perkin
Warbec, iii. 40. Prevailed on by Henry VII. to betray his secrets, and be his 
spy upon him, 41. Returns to England, and
accuses Sir William Stanley as an accomplice, 43. -, Sir Thomas, one of the 
cabal, his character, vi. 83. Obtains a peerage
and the treasurer's staff; for the hint of shutting up the exchequer, 95. Is 
excluded by the test act, 122. Clinton, Lord,
commands Queen Mary's fleet for a descent on the coasts of Brittany, iii. 444. 
Lands at Conquet, but is drove off, 444. Is
appointed one of the commissioners to inquire into the conduct of Mary, queen of 
Scots, iv. 106. Coaches, when first
introduced into England, iv. 370. Coal, when first dug in England, ii. 69. Coats 
of arms, -when they first came into vogue, ii.
69. Cobbet, one of the king's judges, is seized in Holland, brought home, and 
executed, vi. 24. Cobham, Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord, his claracter as head of the Lollards, ii 348. Singled out as a victim by 
Arundel, archbishop of Canterbury, 348.
Conference between him and the king, 348. Condemned, 348. Escapes, 348. 
Conspires against the. king, 349. Taken and
executed, 349. -, Lord, condemned, but pardoned, for a conspiracy against James, 
I., iv. 384. His inconsistent accusation
of Sir Walter Raleigh, 384. Coffee-houses, a proclamation for the suppression 
of, vi. 136. The proclamation recalled, 137.
Coin,-Swedish bullion imported, and good.money coined, iii. 372. Is regulated by 
Queen Elizabeth, iv. 45. Amount of, from
1599 to l1t19, 518. Amount of, during the reign of Charles I. and the succeeding 
commonwealth, v. 526. Great increase of,
after the restoration, vi. 370. Coke, Sir Edward, a curious passage from his 
institutes, relating so the suppression of the
monasteries, iii. 460. Queen Elizabeth's hat-ghty treatment of him when speaker 
of the house of commons, iv. 27K. His
severe treatment of the earl of Essex, 316. Grossly abuses Sir,NVWlter Raleigh 
on his trial, 384. Is ordered by James to
prosecute the mulderers of Sir Thomas Overbury, 436. Colchester is forced to 
capitulate to Fairfax and Ireton, v. 365.
Coleman is arrested, and his papers seized, on account of the Popish plot, vi. 
177. Discoveries made by his letters, 177. Is
tried and executed, 191. Coligni, Admiral, makes an unsuccessful attempt on 
Boulogne, iii. 359. Defends St. Quintin against
the Spanish army, 437. The town taken 437. Forms a scheme for the taking of 
Calais, which is executed by the duke of
Guise, 438. Declares in favor of the Protestants in France, iv 31. Commands the 
Protestant forces after the battle of Dreux,
55. Ob tainls supplies from Queen Elizabeth, 55. His progress in Normandy 59. Is 
apprised of the league of Bayonne
against the Protestants, anc concerts a scheme to frustrate it, 142. Battle of 
St. Denis, 143. Col lects the Protestant forces
after the defeat of Jarnac, and besieges Polo tiers, 143. Is defeated by the 
duke of Anjou at Montcontour, 144. I- deceived
by the dissimulation of Charles, 157. Is wounded-by an assas. sin, 157. Is 
killed in the massacre of Paris, 158.
Oolingbourne, William, executed for a distich against Richard III., ii. 602. 

Page 412 
College, a joint;r, his extraordinary trial, and execution, vi. 243. Colonies 
settled by the English in America, iv. 518. See
America. -S. peopled by the restraints imposed on dissenters, vi. 370. Their 
chartfe. recalled by James II., 371. Colonna,
Prosper, the Spanish general, defends Milan against the Frenc. invasion under 
the admiral Bonnivet, iii. 146. Columbus,
Christopher, his first voyage for discovery of the western worl l, iii. 75. Sent 
his brother Bartholomew to England to make
his proptsa i to Henry VII., 76. How Henry. was deprived of the honor of the diL 
covery of America, 76. Combat, single,
trial by, in the Anglo-Saxon laws, how instituted, i. 17t 472. Commerce, a view 
of the state of, during the Anglo-Norman
kings, i. 470. Remarks on the state of, during the reign of Henry III., ii. 64. 
Inc d.ustry, and state of, in the reign of Edward
III., 273. State of, during the reign of. H-Ienry IV., 343. Regulations of, in 
the reign of Henry VII., iii. 72. Great extension
of, in this reign, 75. The privileges of the merchants of the stil-yard taken 
away, 371. A treaty of, made with Gustavus
Ericson, 372. State of, during the time of Queen Mary, 447. The great oppression 
of, by the enormous grants of monopolies
by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 335. State of, during her -reign, 364. Establishment of 
the East India Company, 365.. Trade with
BMuscovy opened, 365.'rurkey Company erected, 366. In the beginning of the reign 
of James I., almost wholly
monopolized by exclusive companies, 394. A decay of shipping occasioned by this 
evil, 395. Amount of the customs in this
reign, 416. State of, during this reign, 514. Exports and imports, 518. State 
of, during the reign of Charles I., and the
succeeding commonwealth, v. 526. Great increase of, after the restoration, vi. 
370. Commission, ecclesiastical, or high. See
High commission court. Committee of safety, formed by the officers after the 
expulsion of the long. or rump parliament, v.
498. Negotiates with General Monk, 505. Commodities, prices of, in the reign of 
Richard I., i. 392. Remarks on the price
of, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 275, n. Common prayer book, composed by a 
committee of bishops and divines, iii. 350.
In what respects it differed from the old mass-book, 350. Is revised, 370. Is 
authorized'by the parliament, 375. See Liturgy,
and Reformation.. Commons, the first efforts towards sending representatives 
of,.to parliament, ii. 33. Begin to assemble
separate from the peers, 36. Remonstrate against the delays of the council of 
barons, 36. Appeal to Prince Edward, 36. The
house of, regularly formed by the earl of Leicester, with the admission of 
members from boroughs, 53. Further regulations
with respect to representatives of counties, 100. The real epoch of the house 
of, 101. The election of representatives
considered as a hardship, both by them and their constituents, 103. The gradual 
increase of their influence on government,
105. Refuse granting supplies for the expedition of Edward III. against France, 
200. The consequence they arrive to, in his
reign, 267. -Lawyers totally excluded the house at this time, 267. Choose a 
speaker for the first time, 280. Petition the lords
to appoint a council, etc., during the minority of Richard II., 280. Petition 
Richard II. against the confederacies of the
barons, 281, 521. Impeach Michael de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, 290. Their 
proceedings against Richard's ministry, 294.
Their compliance to the king on the crushing of Gloucer. ter's faction, 301, 
523. Impeach Fitz-Allan, archbishop of
Canterbury, 302. Petition for an act to check the clergy in eluding the mortmain 
act, 322. Their importance greatly
increased, 339. Insist on an answer to their petitions, before they make any 
grants, 339. Other acts of resolution by them,
339. Oppose Henry IY. in his: attempt to exclude females from succession to the 
crown, 340. Advise the king to. seize the
temporalities of the church,: 341. Scheme -formed by them,-frbm an 

Page 413 
D-EX. 413 estimate oft the ecclesiastical revenues, 341. Apply for a mitigation 
ot the statutes against Lollards, 342.
Impeachment of the- duke of Suffolk, 421. A second, 423. Temper of the house 
which met on the assertion of the duke of
York's pretensions, 430. Address the king to remlnove certain peers from his 
presence, 433. Their spirit of opposition to the
encroachments of the church of Rome during the reign of Henry VTI., 443. 
Petition for the execution of the duke of
Clarence, brother to Edward IV., 481. Their grants to Helnry VIII., at the 
instance of Cardinal Wolsey and their speaker
Sir'l'hrllas More, iii. 141. The arbitrary speech of Henry to Edward Montague, a 
member, 456. Thomas Cromwell, a
member, warmly defends his patron Cardinal Wolsey against the charge of the 
peers, 177. Pass several bills to restrain the
impositions of the clergy, 178. Extraordinary speech of a member on the subject 
of religion, 178. Complain to the king of
the reflections cast on theim by Fisher, bishop of Rochester, 179. Grant the 
king a discharge of his debts, 179. Petitions for
indemnity from the statute of prov.sm)rs,- 187. Prefer a complaint to the king 
against the oppressions of ecclesiastical
courts, 188. Reject a bill framed by the king, respecting his right of 
wardships, etc.. 188. Comply with an act relating to the
psses:sion of landis, framed by the king, 220. The gross flattery of the speaker 
to the king, 229. Grant Henry supplies, but
very reluctautly, 2i2-. Pass the bill for Cromwell's death unwillingly, 264. 
Petition the king to lay the case of his marriage
Lwith Anne of Clbves before the convocation, 2615. Pass a bill of attainder 
against the duke of Norfolk, in obedience to the
king's message, 306. Cruel treatmenit of Strode, a memlber, in Cornwall, for 
bringing in a bill concerning tin, 312. Lord
Seynmour attainted, 349. Alter a bill against treason passed by the lords, and 
pass another, 376. Reject a poor bill framlled
by the lords, and pass another, 376. Refuse to pass the attainder of Toilstal, 
bishop of Durham, or to ratify the attainder of
Somerset, 378. A new election of, under Northumberland's influence,. 378. Grant 
subsidies to the king, 379. Remnonitrate
ag.ainst Miary marrying Philip of Spain, and are dissolved for it, 399. A new 
election under Mary and Gardiner's influence,
410. Some members punished for secession, 414. Their reason for refusing a 
subsidy to the queen, 428. Grants made by a
new house to the queen, 442. Oppose the act confirming the queen's sale, or 
grant of crowvn lands, 442. Copley, a
member, imprisoned fox speaking irreverently of the queen, 443. Vote a subsidy 
and othez grants to Queen Elizabeth, iv.
1i). Address her to make choice of a husband, 10. Repeat this address,.56. Are 
stopped by Elizabeth in their debates
concerning the settlemeut of the succession, 78. Further debates on this 
subject, 78. Her speech at dissolving them, 79.
Stricltnd introduces a bill for the amendment of the liturgy, 133. Speech of 
Pistor on kneelin, -and making the sign of the
cross, 134. Stricland prohibited by the queen from attending the house, 135. 
Yelverton's free speech on the occasion, 135.
Further debates on this matter, 136. Stricland restored to the house, 136. Are 
checked by the lords in debating of matters of
religious reformation, 136. Speeches on the queen's prerogative, occasioned by 
Bell's motion against an exclusive patent
granted to a trading company at Bristol, 137. Bell severelv reprimanded by tihe 
council for his temerity, 138. Are reproved
by the lord keeper at the close of the session for their freedom, 139. A bribe 
given to a niavor for an election, with the
probable reason for it, 141, n. Address the queen for the duke of'Norfolk's 
execution, 153. Apply to the queen for the trial
and execution of Mary, queen of Scots, 154. Pass two bills for regulating 
ecclesiastical ceremonies, but are checked by the
queen, 1.55. Speech of Peter Wentkworth in favor of liberty, 172. Behavior of 
the house on this occasionu, 174. Oppose
encroachments of the upper house, 175. Appoint a general fast, at the n otion of 
Paul Wentworth, 181. Are reprmaided by
the queen for it, 181,: Apply to the bishops for further 35* 

Page 414 
414 INDEX. reformation, 200. Complain of the court of ecclesiastical commission, 
201. Are prohibited by the queen from
intermeddling with ecclesiastical affairs, 264. Are checked in their endeavors 
to regulate purveyance, 265. The queen's
haughty reply to the requests of Sir Edward Coke, speaker, 278. Peter Wentworth 
resumes the subject of the succession,
278. He and several others sent to prison, 278. Treatment of Morrice for 
opposing abuses of ecclesiastical power, 279.
Yelverton, a lawyer, chosen speaker, 294. Grant supplies to the queen, 295. 
Dispute about forms with the lords, 295.
Extraordinary assertions of the regal prerogative in the debates concerning 
monopolies, 336. The abject acknowledgments
of the house, on the queen's promise to cancel the most oppressive of the 
patents, 337. Grant the queen an extraordinary
supply, 338. Review of the practice of the chancellors, in issuing new writs to 
supply the places of members whom they
judged incapable of attending, 388. Vote of'the house on this occasion, 389. 
Inquiry into the question, whether an outlaw
can be chosen a member, 390. Restore Sir Francis Goodwin to his seat, which had 
been vacated by the chancellor on
account of his outlawry, 391. Refuse a conference with the lords on this affair, 
391. Are commanded by the king to confer
with the judges, 391. Spirited debates on this subject, 392. A committee of, 
inquire into the monopolies of trade, 395.
Attempt to free the nation from the burden of wardships and feudal tenures, 395. 
And from purveyance, 395. Are unwilling
to grant any supplies to the king, 395. Reject a bill from the lords, for 
entailing the- crown lands on the king and his
successors, 397. Grant supplies, 408. Are averse to the union between England 
and Scotland, 409. Frame a petition for
rigor towards Popish recusants, and lenity towards scrupulous Protestant 
clergymen, but are checked by the king, 410.
Order their journals to be regularly kept, 411. Refuse to supply the king's 
necessities, 413. Reflections on their conduct,
414. Their views extend to establish the constitution on freer principles than 
formerly, 416. Attempt to check the regal
prerogative in ecclesiastical affairs, 418. Remonstrate against the high 
commission court, 418. Are alarmed at reports of the
king's influencing elections, 432. Dispute the king's power of levying money by 
his prerogative, 433. Are dissolved in anger,
and some of the members imprisoned, 433. Grant supplies to assist the elector 
palatine, 458. Make a representation of
grievances to the king, 459., Impeach the lord chancellor, Bacon, 460. 
Remonstrate to the king in favor of the elector
palatine, and against the Spanish match, 462. Are reproved by the king, 463. 
Remonstrate again, 464. The king's speech to
their committee, 465. Protest against the king's denial of their privileges, 
465. This protestationi torn out of their journal by
the king, 465. Are dissolved, and the refractory members punished, 466. The 
arguments urged by both parties concerning
the disputes between the king and them, 467. Vote supplies for a Spanish war, 
486. Impeach the earl of Middlesex, 487.
Inquiry into th- cause of the small supply granted by them in the first 
parliament of Charles I., v. 3. Their leaders and their
views, 5. Continue obstinate in denying further supplies, notwithstanding the 
king's remonstrances, 7. Are disgtusted at the
assistance sent against Rochelle, 8. Complain of the growth of Popery, 9. A 
supply voted, but its passing into a law
postponed, 12. Impeach the duke of Buckingham, 12. The two members who managed 
this impeachment imprisoned by the
king, 16. htmonstrate against conferring trusts on Catholics, 17. Are dissolved, 
but publish a remonstrance previous to their
dissolution, 19. A character of this house in the third parliament, 32. Sir 
Francis Seymour's speech, 33: Sir Robert Philips's
speech, 34. Sir Thomas Wentworth's speech, 35. Five subsidies voted, 36. The 
famous petition of right taken under
consideration,- 37. Further expostulations by theking,41. The petition of right 
passed by them, 42. Impeach Mxnwaring, for
asserting in a sermon the regal prerogative of levying taxes independent of 
parliament, W. Attack the commission for levying
money, 46. Present a remon* 

Page 415 
INDEX 4l5 strance against the duke of Buckingham's conduct, 46. Insist on the 
king's discontinuing levying the duties of
tonnage and poundage, 53. Attack Arminianism, 56. An allusion made use of by 
Rouse, a member, 58. First appearance of
Oliver Cromwell, 68. Call officers to account for levying tonnage and poundage, 
58. Sir John Elliot reads a remonstrance
against these duties, 59. The speaker forcibly held in the chair till a 
remonstrance is framed and passed, 59. Are dissolved,
59. Members punished, 59. The complexion and reasoning of the house in the 
fourth parliament, now summoned after
eleven years' interval, 113. The substance of Pym's speech, 115. Enter into the 
consideration of grievances, 115. Resent the
interposition of-the lords, 116. Summary of the arguments urged by the court and 
popular parties, 116. Are abruptly
dissolved, 119. Strafford impeached by, in the long parliament, 131. Impeach 
Archbishop Laud, 131. Impeach the lord
keeper, Finch, 132. Vote several proceedings of lieutenants, and deputy 
lieutenants of counties, illegal, and the parties
exercising them delinquents, 133. Sheriffs voted delinquents for assessing ship 
money, 134. The officers who levied tonnage
and poundage fined, 134. The star chamber and high commission courts condemned, 
134. Accuse the judges for their
determination on Hambden's trial, 134. Expel monopolists and projectors, 135. 
Remarks on their proceedings, 135.
Reverse the sentences of the star chamber on Prynne and others, 137. The rapid 
progress of their regulations, 140. Agree to
pay the Scots army, 140. Begin to attack Episcopal authority, 143. Harass the 
clergy, 145. Vote a removal of all Catholics
from the army, 146. Make limited grants of tonnage and poundage, 149. Frame a 
bill for triennial parliaments, which is
passed, 149. Pass a bill of attainder against Strafford, 162. Form a 
protestation, and order it to be signed by the whole
nation, 164. Are offended at the king's interposition for Strafford, 164. 
Disband the English and Scots armies on the king's
journey to Scotland, 172. Insist on the reduction of the Irish army raised by 
Stratford to reduce the Scots, 178. Oppose
their being hired by the S3,Jarcidsto, 179. Their zeal for the Presbyterian 
discipline, 189. Credit the report of the Irish
massacre being ordered by the king, 190. An account of the famous remonstrance 
framed by them, 192. Pass the remlol.-.tr
icc,,;iid publish it without sending it up to the lords, 193. Reasoninlg of the 
parties on both sides with regard to it, 193.
Present the remonstrance to the king on his return, 197. Pass the bill for 
pressing soldiers for Ireland, 199. The interposition
of peers in elections declared to be a breach of privilege, 200. Their 
proceedings against the bishops, 201. Declare to the
lords an intention of rejecting their authority, if opposed by them, 201. Excite 
apprehensions in the people, 202. Impeach the
bishops, who sign a protestation, 204. Five members impeached by the king, 206. 
The impeached members are demanded,
207 Are demanded by the king in person, 207. Adjourn the house on this occasion, 
208. Order a committee to sit in
merchant-tailors' hall, 209. The accused members take their seats, 209. Messages 
between them and the king, 211.
Encourage petitions from the common people, 212. Impeach the attorney-general, 
and prosecute their plan of the militia,
214. Form a magazine at Hull, and appoint Sir John Hotham governor, 215. Appoint 
governors of Portsmouth and the
Tower, 215. Warn the kingdom to prepare for a defence against Papists, and 
ill-affected persons, 215. Appoint all the
lieutenants of counties, and restore their powers, 215, Press the king by 
messages to pass the bill, 216. His reply, 217. Their
vote on this reply, 218. Carry the militia bill into execution, without the 
king's concurrence, 219. Vote all to be traitors who
assist the king, 223. Raise an army and appoint the earl bf Essex general, 223. 
For those transactions wherein both houses
coneur, see Parliament. Carry- an impeachment of the queen up to the lords, 274. 
Pass the self-denying or4inance, 287.
Cihoose Henry Pelham speaker in the room of LenthaL 

Page 416 
Ie6 INDEX. on his going to the army, 345. Their violent accusation against the 
kilg, 3354. Pass a vote for bringiog the king
to a trial, 369. This vote being refused by the lords, they pass an ordinance 
for brinlging him to trial by their o'n aullthority,
370. \Vote the house of lords useless, and abolish nmonarchy, 382. Iteadmit some 
of the secluded members, 388. Name A
council to carry on the administration of government, 388. -Enlarge the laws of 
high treason, 395. Dissolution of, by
Cromwell, 434. ll.Retrospect of their proceedings, 434. Character of Barebone's 
parlialent, 441. fIn the protector's
parliament, refuse to acknowledge the house of loids summoned by him, 479. The 
inew house of, after the final dissolution of
the long parliament, meet and choose Sir Harbottle Griinstone speaker, 516. 
Receive a letter from Charles II., and appoint a
comumittee to answer it, 516. The king proclaimed, 517. Vote presents to the 
king and his brothers, 517. Pass a vote
against the indignities practised by the Dutch towards the English trade, vi. 
36. Impeach the earl of Clarendon, 57. Oblige
the king to pass the act against the importation of Irish cattle, 75. Address 
the king for a proclamation against conventicles,
78. Obstruct the tolerating maxims of the court, 78. Resent the lords' taking 
cognizance of Skinner's case, 79. As also with
their altering a money bill, 89. Coventry act, on what occasion passed, 90. 
Vacancies supplied by writs from the chancellor,
annulled, 115. Grants to the king, 115. Frame and support a remonstrance against 
the declaration of indulgence, 116.
Remonstrance against the duke of York's intended marriage, and the standing 
army, 122. Motions carried, on the expected
prorogation, 122. Inquire into grievances at the next meeting, 123. Prepare to 
impeach Buckingham and Arlington, 123.
Their discontented measures, 133. Quarrel with the lords on the case of Fag and 
Shirley, 135. Refuse the king a supply to
free his revenue from anticipations, 135. Grant supplies for the navy, 144. 
Their reasons for putting no confidence in the
king's promises, 146. Are reproved and adjourned for the address recommending an 
alliance with the states against France,
148. Continue distrustful of the king's intentions, 153. Mlake a passionate 
address to the king, 155. Vote the disbanding of
the army, 157. Impeach the earl of Danby, 189. Contest the choice of a speaker 
with the king, 196. The dispute
compromised, 197. Danby attainted, 198. Resume the search after the Popish plot, 
198. Pass the bill of exclusion against
the duke of York, 203. A bill brought in to exclude all members possessing 
lucrative offices, 204. Vote the king's guards
and standing army to be illegal, 204. Resume the impeachment of Danby, 205. 
Dispute with the lords on the right of the
bishops' votes in Danby's case, 205. Persecute the abhorrers, and protect the 
petitioners, 221. Revive alarms about the
Popish plot, 223. The exclusion bill resumed, 225. The arguments urged for and 
against the exclusion bill, 225. Pass. the
exclusion bill, 228. Present an address to the king concerning abuses in 
government, 229. Their violent proceedings, 234.
Impeach Fitzharris in the parliament at Oxford, 239. Grant a revenue to James 
1I. during life, 291. Address him against his
exercise of a dispensing power, 303. In the convention parliamcntv'-ote the 
throne to be vacant, 356. Their conference with
the lords, 359. See Lords, and Parliament. Commonwealth of England, commencement 
of, v. 382. State of, after the Dattle
of Worcester, 420. Its cOnfused management of ecclesiastical affairs, 422. 
Maintains a formidable power abroad, 422.
Admiral Blake disperses Prince Rupert's fleet, 423. -Sir George Ayscue reduces 
the colonies, 423. Scotland reduced by
Monk, 425. Attempts a coalition with the United Provinces, 426. Determines on a 
war with them, 427. Engagement
between Blake and Tromp, 428. See Blake, Ayscue, etc. Their advantages at sea 
owing to the ship money levied by
Charles, 430. The long parliament dissolved by Cromwell, 434..State of parties 
at this time, 439 Is terminated by Cromwell
being chosen protector, 444. Is 

Page 417 
INDEX 4 1' restored by the resignation of Richard Cromwell,- and reassemblglg 
the long parliament, 4)4. The parliament
expelled, and a committee of saf'ety app:)inted, 438. State of h')reign aftairs, 
499. Dissolution of the lng parlialnenit, 511.
Charles II. restored, 517. A review of manners, etc., at this timle, 
518..ololllinion service, a new one framed, on the abolition
of private masses, iii. 311. table, removed from the wall into the middle of the 
church, by the first English reforlmers, iv. 117.
Counp.mies, exclusive, almost all the foreign trade of England in the hands of, 
at the comiencement of the reign of James I.,
iv. 394. Conmpeigne besieged by the duke of Burgundy, and Joan d'Arc taken 
prisner there, it. 3:,S. Coinprehension of
Episcopists and Presbyterians, a conference held in the Savoy'tr e fecting, vi. 
16. The popular arguments for and against this
ineasure, 16. Compur'ators, among our Saxon ancestors, what, i. 172. Conan, duke 
of Brittany, yields Nantz to King Henry
II. of England, i. 29a. Betrothts his daughter to Henry's third son, Geoffrey, 
292., e Comle, prince of, declares in favor of
the Protestants in France, iv. 32. Is seized, and condemned to death, by the 
influence of the Guises, 32. Saved by the dearth
of the king, 32. Takes arms in favor of the Protest:ants agzainst the royal 
party, 52. Enters into a treaty with Elizabeth of
Engcanh.d for assistance, i3. Is taken prisoner by the Catholics at the battle 
of Dreux, 55. Obtains his liberty by treaty, and
is reinstated in his offices, 603 Assists at the siege of Havre de Grace, 60. Is 
apprised o' the league of Bayonne against the
Protestants, and joins in a scheme to prevent it, 142. Battle of St. Denis, 143. 
Forms the siege of Chartres, and obliges the
court to an accommodation, 143. Is killed at the battle of Jarnac, 143. 
the'ounng prince of, is, with Henry, prince of
Navarre, placed at the head Ot the Protestants by Coligni, after the defeat of 
Jarnac, and death of his father, iv. 143. Is
obliged by Charles to renounce the Protestar:t faith as the price of his life, 
during the massacre of Paris, 158. Puts himself at
the head of the German Protestant auxiliaries, 161. Is defeated by the duke of 
Guise, 272. prince of, his obstinate battle wth
the prince of Orange at Seneffe, vi. 131. Louis XIV. serves under him as a 
volunteer, 137. Succeeds Tarenne in Alsace,
138. Forces the imperialists to repass the Rhine, 138. Congregation of the Lord, 
an association of reformers in Scotland so
styled, account if the bond they entered into, iv. 17. Present a petition to the 
queen regent, against the scandalous lives of the
clergy, 19. Petition the p Arliament and convocation, 19. Raise men to oppose 
the regent, 21. Their address to her, and
remonstrance to such of their party as joined her, 21. Their address to the 
established church, 22. The regent enters into an
accommodation with them, 22. Charge the regent with infringing the capitulation, 
22. Sign a new covenant, 23. Give
thermselves tip to the guidance-of John Knox, 23. Take Perth and Edinburgh, 23. 
Come to an agreement with the regent,
24. Are joined by the duke of ChatAlrault, 24. Deprive the queen dowager of the 
regency, and order all Frenlch troops to
depart the kingdomn, 2.5. Request assistance from Queen Elizabeth, 25. Conclude 
a treaty with Elizabeth, and receive a
fleet and forces-from her, 27. Treaty of Edinburgh, 28. Call a parliamen-t, 
suppress the Catfiolic religion, and establish the
Presbyterian discipline, 29). Send to the queen for a ratification, which she 
refuses, 30 Carry their plan into execution, and
again request the assistance of Engi tnd, 30. C(onnaught. See Ireland. 
Conquerors, in the feun al times, an estimate of their
merits, ii. 266, 267 

Page 418 
Cnnrad'e, marquis of: Montferrat, conducts, the German army:to Palesatne, on the 
death of his father, the emperor Frederic,
i. 369. Claims the kingdom of Jerusalem, in opposition to Guy de Lusignan, 375. 
Is assassinated by order of the Old Man of
the. Mountain. See Assassins. Conservators of the public liberties. See Barons. 
of the peace, appointed in Scotlana, v. Zatl.
Constable of England, reflections on the arbitrary office, and court of, ii. 
524. The office of, forfeited by the duke of
Buckingham, and never revived, iii. 127. Constance, council of, deposes Pope 
John XXIII., and elects Martin V., ii. 371.
Burns John Huss and Jerome.of Prague, 371. Constantia, aunt to -William II., 
king of Naples and Sicily, is left by him
successor to his dominions, i. 371. Is married to the emperor Henry VI., 371. Is 
dispossessed by her natural brother
Tancred, 371. * —-, mother of Arthur, duke of Brittany, is hated by Eleanor, 
queen dowager of England, i. 395. How
induced to surrender her son to his uncle John, king of England, 396. Appeals to 
Philip on the murder of Arthur by John,
401. Constantine, king of Scotland, defeated by Athelstan, king of England, i. 
80. Confederates with the Danish pirates and
Welsh princes, but is worsted by Athelstan, 81. Constantinople taken by the 
Turks, and the consequences of that event, iii.
76. Constitution of England, an historical view of, to the time of Henry VII., 
ii. 513. The different periods of, pointed out, iv.
345, n. Indications of a spirit in the house of commons to alter it on 
principles of freedom, 416. Never thoroughly
understood until fixed on principles of liberty by parliament, 417. The 
arguments urged on both sides on the disputes
between James I. and the parliament, 467,.onventicles, act of parliament 
against, passed, vi. 80. A severe law against, in
Scotland, 163. Are rigorously dispersed and suppressed, 210. Aae strictly 
suppressed in England, 256. Are allowed by the
declaration of indulgence, 315. Convention of states, called-in Scotland, 
without the king's authority, v. 261. Enforce the
solemn league and covenant, 262. parliament. See Parliament. Convocation, the 
first assembling of deputies of the inferior..
clergy, by Edward I., ii. 106. Scruple to assemble on the king's writ, 106. The 
objection how accommodated, and the
reason why the clergy formed two houses of, 106. Refuses the demands of Edward 
towards a French war, 111. The
consequences of this refusal. 112. Summoned by Henry VIII., and intimidated by 
Cardinal Wolsey into the grant of a moiety
of ecclesiastical revenues, iii. 141. Henry's marriage with Catharine of Arragon 
declared- to be invalid, by, 184. Compounds
with the king for a prosecution carried on against the clergy, on the statute of 
provisors, 187. Acknowledges the king's
supremacy, with a reservation, 187. The papal authority renounced by, 197. 
Debates on-the expediency of a translation of
the Scriptures, 221. The bishops for and against reformation enumerated, 232. 
Articles of faith framed by, 232, The
influence of Protestant principles in their articles estimated, 233. Grants 
supplies to Henry, 262. Annuls Henry's marriage
with Anne of Cleves, 265. Grants supplies for a French war, 286.. Votes Henry a 
subsidy of six shillings in the pound, 297.
Meets when the first parliament of Edward VI. was summoned by the duke of 
Somerset, 340. Meets in Queen Mary's
reign, and disputes on transubstantiation, 399. The debate adjourned to Oxford, 
400. Votes a subsidy to Queen'Elizabeth,
iv. 59. Its proceedings in the sitting after the dissolution of the fourth 
parliament of Charles I., v. 120. Conway, Lord, is
appointed general of the horse, in the army sent against the Scots, v, 122. Is 
routed at Newburn 122. 

Page 419 
INDEX. 419 Copenhagen is besieged by Charles X. of Sweden, but relieved by an 
English and Dutch fleet; v. 499. Copley,
a member of the house of commrions, imprisoned for speaking irrev erently-of 
Queen Mary, iii. 443. Copper coin, when
first introduced, iv. 518. Corn, remarks on the statute prices of, during the 
reign of Henry III., ii. 64. The exportation of,
allowed in the reign of Henry VI., 444. Other regulations of the trade in, 444. 
Prices of, during the reign of James I., iv. 510.
Public magazines of, established, 510. Cornish, sheriff of London, is convicted 
on- false evidence, and executed, vi. 300.
Cornwall, an insurrection there, against Henry VII., on account of levying a 
subsidy, iii. 51. Headed by the lord Audley, 51.
The rebels defeated at Blackheath, 53. --—, Richard, earl of, son of King John, 
his disputes with his brother Henry III., and
Waleran de Ties, concerning the restitution of a manor in his earldom, ii. 12. 
Refuses the kingdom of Sicily, offered to him by
Pope Innocent IV., 23. Is elected king of the Romans, 26. Spends all his 
treasures in Germany, 26. Is obliged to swear
obedience to the provisions of Oxford, before the barons allow him to return to 
England, 3.5. His son Henry joins the
confederacy of-barons against the king, 42. Is taken prisoner by the barons at 
the battle of Lewes, 49. Recovers his liberty
by the battle of Evesham, 58. His son Henry d'Allmaine assassinated by his 
cousins, 59. Dies, 61. Corporations, when first
erected in France, and with what view, i. 454. Are a great check upon industry, 
iii. 74. The regulation of, granted to the king
by parliament, v. 20. Most of them surrender their charters to Charles II., 260. 
Conditions on which they were restored,
260. Corren, Dr., preaches before Henry VIII., and justifies his conduct against 
the reproaches of Friar Peyto, iii. 208.
Cospatrick, why made earl of Northumberland by King William the Conqueror, i. 
158, n., 193. Created earl of Dunbar, by
Malcolm, king of Scotland, 203. Cottereaux. See Braban.ons. Cottington, Sir 
Francis, opposes Prince Charles's journey to
Spain, iv. 477. Is abused for it by Buckingham, 477. Covenant, one framed and 
subscribed in Scotland, against receiving
the canons and liturgy, v. 101. Is enforced by the general assembly under pain 
of excommunication, 105. See League.
Coventry, Sir John, is assaulted and maimed, for a satirical reflection on 
Charles II., vi. 90. Which occasions the famous act
against maiming, known under his name, 90. Coverdale, bishop of Exeter, is 
imprisoned on the accession of Queen Mary,
iii. 392. Council of the north, abolished by the long parliament, v. 171. of 
officers, summoned by Oliver Cromwell, resolves
on bringing Charles I. to trial, v. 351. Demands a dissolution of the 
parliament, and seizes the king, 366. The parliament
purged by, 368. Plans a republican form of government, 369. Turns the members 
out of the house by violence, 434.
Chooses Oliver Cromwell protector, 444. One is summoned by Richard Cromwell, 
492. Deposes the protector, 493.
Restores the long parliament, 494. _ —--- of state, nominated by parliament to 
carry on the administration of government
after the execution of the king, v. 388. Appoints Cromwelql lord lieutenant of 
Ireland, 393. One appointed on the dissolution
of the long parliament, 511. of Wales, abolished by the long parliament, v. 171. 
k- -—, ecclesiastical. See Synods.
Counties, the first division of England into, i. 71. The first attempts at 
appointing lmembers for, to parliament, ii. 33. See
Commons. Palatine the jurisdiction of, annexsed to the crewn, iv. 375 

Page 420 
420 INDEX. County courts, first appointment of, i. 72. Are peculiar'to England, 
and the nature of them explained, 457, n.
Courfeu bell, the,)bservance of, in England, no mark of slavery, i. 479. Court 
and country, when those parties first began in
parliament, iv. 565. - - baron, the ancient form and nature of, i. 453, 457. 
Courts, civil and ecclesiastical, law enacted for
their re-union, on the accession of Henry I., i. 268. Remained without effect, 
froim the opposition of Archbishop Ansehln,
268. Court of high coummnission. See High commission. Courtney, son of the 
marquis of Exeter, is released from the
Tower, and made earl of Devonshire, by Queen Mary, iii. 391. See Devonshire. 
Coultras, battle of, between Henry 11I. of
France, and Henry, king of Navarre, iv. 272. Cowley, his character as a poet, v. 
533. His death, 531. Cozens, dean of
Peterborough, his superstitious zeal for ecclesiastical cer elllmonies, and 
haughty assertion of church authority, v. 144.
Craig,'.a Protestant minister of Edinburgh, is ordered to publish the banns 
between Queen Mary and Bothwell, which he
refuses, iv. 86. Rernholstrates against this marriage before the council, and 
from the pulpit, 86. -, All!son, a Scots courtesan,
a riot at her house taken cognizance of by the church, iv. 40. Crantller, Dr., 
his first introduction to Henry VIII., iii. 182. Is
engaged by Henry to write in favor of his divorce, 182. Is made archbishop of 
C'anterbury, 191. The number of bulls
necessary for his installation, remarked, from Bishop Burnet, 458. Is appointed 
to examine the validity of the king's marriage,
191. Declares Catharine contumlacious for non-appearalece, and pronounces the 
marriage invalid, 192. Favors the
Protestant tenets, 203. Intercedes with Henry in behalf of Queen Anne Boleyn, 
226. Is constiained to annul the marriage,
227. Entcourages further reformations in religion, 2'9. Opposes the law of the 
six articles, 254. Dismisses his wife in
obedience to them, 2.54. Communicates to Henry an account of Queen Catharine 
Howard's lewdness, 272. Loses a
powerful friend by the death of the duke of Suffolk, 299. Is protected by the 
king against the Catholic courtiers, 300.
Attends Henry in his dying moments, 307. Is named one of the regency during the 
minority of Edward VI., 320. His
importunity with the young king to sign the warrant for the execution of Joan 
Bocher, 353. Adheres to Somerset, the
protector, in his distress, 362. Opposes the attainder of Tonstal, bishop of 
Durham, 377. Is induced to sign the patent for
the succession of Lady Jane Gray, 383. Is imprisoned and convicted of treason, 
owing to his indiscreet zeal against masses,
393. Is sent under a guard to Oxford to debate on transubstantiation, 400. Is 
cited to Rome for heresy, 433. Is condemned
as contumacious, though in custody, 433. Is degraded, 433. Subscribes to the 
pope's supremacy, and the real presence,
433. Retracts this subscrip.. tion by public declaration, 434. Is burnt, and his 
fortitude at the stake, 434. A character of him,
435. Crecy, battle of, between Edward III. of England and Philip de Valois of 
France, ii. 223. The great slaughter of the
French at, 227. Credit, national, low state of, previous to the reign of 
Elizabeth, iv. 364 Cremna, Cardinal de, disgraceful
anecdote of, i. 265. Crequi, Marshal, is defeated by the imperialists in-an 
endeavor to relieve Treves, vi. 138. Cressingham,
treasurer of Scotland, is joined in the administration with Ormliesby, on Earl 
Warrenne's leaving his government there, ii.
121. E]xasperates the Scots by his oppressions, 121. Urges Warrenne to give 
battle to Wallace, 123. Is slain in the action
with Wallace, 124. His body contemptuously treated by the Scots, 124. Crevant, 
in Burgundy, besieged by the French and
Scots, ii. 379. Relievt-d by the English, 379. Criminal law, among the 
Anglo-Saxons, a view of, i. 166. 

Page 421 
INDEX. 4L2 Criminals, a comparison of -the yearly execution of, -in England, at 
differ' ent periods, iii. 315. iv. 358.
Cromwell, Thomllas, defends his patron, Cardinal Wolsey, against a charge of the 
peers, in the house of commons, iii. 177.
Is made secretary of state, 203. The king's supremacy over the church delegated 
to himl, un der the title and office of
vicar-general, 218. Appoints commissioners to visit the monasteries, 218. Great 
abuses charged upon them, 219. Presides
in the colvocation as vicar-general, 231. Articles of faith framed by this 
meeting of convocation, 232. The clergy incensed
against hins for his regulations in religious matters, 235. Pronounces sentence 
against Lambert, 252. His account of Henry's
disputation with Lambert, 461. Is made a peer, and appointed one of the 
conmmittee of lords, to frame articles for
abolishing diversities of opinion in religion, 253. Assists the king in.his 
arbitrary prosecutions, 256. Ob tains precedency of
the other officers of state, 2.58. Mitigates the pros ecutions on the law of the 
six articles, 2;38. Promotes Henry's mlar riage
with Anne of Cleves, 259. Henry harbors a secret displeasure araillnst him on 
that account, 261. Is made earl of Essex, and
knight of the garter, 262. The causes which procured his fall, 263. Is committed 
to the Tower, 263. His accusation and
condemnation, 263. His moving letter to the -king, 264. His execution and 
character, 264. -., Oli elr, complains in the house
o commons of a preacher, for Popish doctrines, v. o8. Is stopped, with other 
Puritans, from transporting hinm self to
America, 85. De.'eats the royalists at Gainsborough, 257. Distinguishes himself 
at the battle of Horncastle, 258. His gallant
behavior at the battle of Marston Moor, 275. Assists in defeating the king at 
Newbury, 289. Becomes a leader of the
Independents, 283. Differences between him and the earl of Manchester, 284. His 
speech in parliament relative to the
self-denying ordinance, 286. How he eluded the self-denying ordinance as to 
himself, 288. His character, 289. New models
the army, 306. The fanatical spirit of the officers and soldiers, 307. Commands 
the right wving at the battle of Naseby, 310.
His successes afterwards, 314. Foments the discontents of the army, 334. Is the 
secret cause of the king being seized by the
army, 335. His profound hypocrisy, 336. Is chosen general by the army, 336. 
Marches the arnmy towards London against
the parliament, 337. Retires to Reading, 342. Pays court to the king, and enters 
privately into treaty with him, 342. The army
marches to London, 346. Remarks on his conduct between the king and parliament, 
347. Suppresses the agitators, and
reduces the army to obedience, 351. Calls a meeting of officers at Windsor, to 
settle the nation, where it is resolved to bring
the king to a trial, 351. Prevails with the parliament to vote against all 
further treaty with the king. 3.53. Defeats Langdale
and Hamilton, and marches into Scotland. 364. Sends a remonstrance to the 
parliament on its treating with the king, 366.
Seizes the king, and confines him in Humt Castle, 366. Marches the army to 
London, to purge the parliament, 368. His
speech in the house on the ordinance for bringing the king to a trial, 370. Is 
appointed one of the king's judges, 371. His
hypocritical conduzt towards Fairfax, during the time of the king's execution, 
378. His general character, and great influence
in the army, 388. Is named one of the council of state, 388. Procures himself to 
be appointed lord lieutenant of Ireland, 393.
Suppresses the agitators, 395. Arrives at Dublin, 397. Storms Tredah, and puts 
the garrison to the sword, 397 Storms
Wexford with the same cruelty, 398. All Munster submits ti him, 398. Takes 
Kilkenny, 398. Leaves Ireland, 410. Is
declared cap tain-general of all the forces in England, and marches an army to 
Scot land, 411. Is forced to retire, and is
followed by Lesly, 412 Defeat, Leslv at Dunbar, 412. Writes polemical letters to 
the Scots clergy, 413 Follows Charles II.
into England, 416. Defeats Charles at Worcester W17. Summol-s a council of 
officers to remonstrate to the parliament fM
7(L,. VI 36 HE 

Page 422 
422 INDEX. a uew election, 432. Expels: the members from the house, and locks 
the door, 434. An account of his birth
and private life, 436. Receives addresses on the dissolution of the parliament, 
439. Summons a new parliament, 440. His
address to it, 441, n. The parliament resigns up its authority to him, 444. Is 
declared protector, 444. His powers, 444.
Makes peace with the Dutch, 447. Executes the Portuguese ambassa dor's brother, 
for assassination, 448. Summons a
parliament, 448. His equitable regulation of elections, 449. Discontents against 
his admin istration, 449. The parliament
disputes his authority, 450. Dissolves it, after obtaining a recognition, 451. 
An insurrection of royalists at Salisbury
suppressed, 453. Divides England into twelve military jurisdictions, under 
major-generals, to suppress the royalists, 453.
Issues letters of reprisal against France, 457. His influence over the French 
minister Mazarine, 457. Reflections on his
foreign negotiations, 458. Sends a fleet under Blake to the Mediterranean, 460. 
Sends a fleet under Pen and Venables to the
West Indies,461. Jamaica taken, 462. Sends Pen and Venables to the Tower, 462. 
The vigor of his foreign transactions,
464. His domestic administration, 464. Establishes a militia, 466. Establishes a 
commission of triers, to present to
ecclesiastical benefices, 466. His general conduct in religious matters, 467. 
His address in procuring secret intelligence, 468.
His general deportment, 469. His vein of pleasantry sometimes leads him into 
inconsistencies; instanced in an anecdote, 470.
His plan of administration in Scotland, 470. In Ireland, 471. Endeavors to be 
made king, 472. Destroys the authority of the
major-generals, 472. The crown is offered to him by parliament, 474. Is afraid 
to venture on it, 474. Extract from his speech
on refusing it, 475, n. The motives of his refusal, 476. His protectoral 
authority confirmed'by parliament, 477. Brings his son
Richard to court, and marries his daughters, 478. Summons a new parliament in 
two houses, as formerly, 479. Dissolves it,
on his house of peers not being owned by the commons, 479. - Concludes an- 
alliance with France, 480. Sends an army to
join Turenne in Flanders, 480. Dunkirk delivered to him, 481. Parties formed 
against him at home, 481. Discovers a plotof
the royalists, 482. Escapes assassination by Sindercome, 483. Is disturbed with 
apprehensions and domestic troubles, 483.
Falls.sick, 484. Dies, 486. His character. 486. An apology for his conduct, 488. 
Anecdotes of his family, 489. Remarks on
his political situation at the time of his death, 490. His regard to literary 
merit, 528. His account, to Lord Orrery, of the-first
cause of determining on the death of Charles I., 549. Cromwell, Richard, is. 
brought to court by his- father, v. 478. His
character, 478. Is acknowledged protector, 491. Calls a parliament, 491. Cabal 
of Wallingford House- against him, 492. Is
persuaded to call - general council of officers, who also cabal against him, 
492. Is forced to resign the protectorship, 493.
Passes the remainder of his life in peace, 493., Henry, second son of Oliver, 
his character, v. 471. Is made lore lieutenant of
Ireland, 471. Resigns his command, and retires to England, 493. His death, vi. 
133, n. Cropredy Bridge, battle of, between
Charles I. and Sir Wrilliam Waller, v. 278. C:own, entail of, by the. first 
parliament of Henry VII., iii. 8. A review of powers
claimed by, to the time of Charles I., iv. 498. Crusades, the commencement of, 
i; 226. The universal rage for engaging in,
229. The political use made of this frenzy by the European princes, 230. Why 
less attended to by William Rufus, than by
other princes, 231. History of, continued, 239, 353. Richard I. prepares to 
engage in, 366. The emperor Frederic marches
on, 369. Richard I. of England and Philip of France engage in, 369, 370. Their 
transactions at Sicily, 371. At Cyprus, 374.
Acre, in Palestine, taken by their assistance 376, 

Page 423 
Lecwis, IX. of France, and Prince Ecdward, son of Henry III., enxgage in one, 
ii. 60. Lewis dies, 60. Edward recalled by
his father, who dies quickly after, 61. Cumberland, earl of, fits out a fleet at 
his own charges against the Spaniards, but meets
with ill success and misfortunes, iv. 268. Undertakes another expedition, which 
fails, 277. Endeavors to mitigate the
sentence of the council against the earl of Essex, 317. Cummin of Badenoch, 
associated with the steward of Scotland, in the
regency of that kingdom, ii.- 125. Is routed at Falkirk by Edward, 126. John, 
chosen regent of Scotland, ii. 129. Defeats
John de Segrave, Edward's guardian of Scotland, 129. Makes his submission to 
Edward, 130. Betrays young Robert
Bruce's secrets to Edward, 133. Is killed by Bruce, 135. Curson, Sir Robert, 
governor of Hammes, employed by Henry
VII. to betray the secrets of the earl of Suffolk, iii. 65. Customs, produce of, 
in Queen Elizabeth's reign, iv. 362. The amount
of these duties in the reign of James I., 507. Amount of, in the reign of 
Charles I., before the civil wars, v. 526. Cyprus, part
of the fleet of Richard I. shipwrecked and pillaged on that coast, in their way 
to the Holy Land, i. 373. Isaac, prince of,
conquered and thrown into prison by Richard, 374. Richard espouses Berengaria, 
daughter of Sanchez, king of Navarre,
there, 374. Lusignan made king of, by Richard, 379. Dacres, Leonard, excites an 
insurrection in the north of England, iv.
126,!D'Albiney, Philip, defeats the French fleet coming to England to succor 
Prince Lewis, and his stratagem on that
occasion, ii. 6. D'Albret, constable of France, extraordinary defeat of, at 
Azincour, by Henry V. of England, ii. 357.
D'Allmaine, Henry, son to Richard, king of the Romans and earl of Corn. wall, 
joins Leicester and the barons, against
HenryIII., ii. 42. Is gained over to the royal cause by Prince Edward, 45. 
Commands the main body of the king's army at
the battle of Lewes, in conjunction with his father, 48. Is surrendered, 
together with Edward, to Leicester, to gain the liberty
of Henry and his father, 50. Recovers his liberty, with the other prisoners, by 
the battle of Evesham, 58. Is assassinated by
his -cousins, at Viterbo, 59. Danby, Sir Thomas Osborne, treasurer, made earl 
of, vi. 122. His character, 132. Receives
information of the Popish plot, 172. Communicates it to the house of lords, 183. 
His letter to Montague, ambassador at
Paris, produced before the house of commons, 188. Is impeached by the commons, 
189. His defence of himself, 190. His
impeachment revived by the following parliament, 197. Is committed to the Tower 
198. Is admitted to bail, 277. Is freed by
the house of lords, on the accession of James II., 293. Concurs in an invitation 
to the prince ot Orange, 336. His conduct in
parliament, on the abdication of James, 359. Danegelt, occasion of imposing that 
tax, i. 118. Remitted, 362. Danes, the
nature of their first piratical inroads into EnglanAd, i. 53. A body'of them 
take up their winter quarters here, 54. Sack
Winchester, 67. Seize York and other places, 57. Defeat Alfred, and continue 
their depredations, 60. Reduce the Saxons to
despair, 61. Routed by Alfred, 64. Admitted to settle, and baptized, 64 Revolt, 
66. Renew their invasions, 101. Receive
tribute from King Ethelred, 103. Their piratical conduct accounted for, 107. 
Settle in Normandy, 107. Retain their ancient
rude ferocity in England, 109. Ever ready to betray the English to their foreign 
countrymen, 109. A massacre of, 109.
Destroy the English fleet, 111. See Canute, and Denmark. Dangerfield, the author 
of the meal-tub plot, his character, vi.
217. D'Aquila, Don John, commands the Spanish troops in aci invasion of Ireland, 
iv. 333. Is forced to capitulate to
Mountjoy, thr deputy, 334. Darcy, Lord, joins Aske's insurrection in the north, 
iii. 77. Is imprisoned oa the suppressien ef it,
239. Is executed. 239. 

Page 424 
(24 INDEX.Darnley, Lord, non of the earl of Lenox, is proposed as husband for 
Mary, queen of Scotland, iv. 65. His
pedigree, 65. Is married to her. 68. Is insulted from the pulpit by John liKnox, 
68. His character, 72. Resents the queen's
neglect of him, 72. Becomes jealous of l)avid Rizzi,. 73. Eniters into a plot 
with the chancellor, M9o)rton. for the
de-;truction of Hizzio, 74. Causes Rizzio to be assassiinated in the queen's 
presence, 75. Av ".ws his orders for this action,
75. [.s prevailed ln by Mary to disavow all coneerni in Rizzio's murder, and is 
then left by her in disdain, 76. Is reduced to
despair by her neglect, 81. His illness attributed to poison, 8l. T'l'he queen's 
apparent reconiciliation, and tenderness of him,
8l. Is blown up with gunpowder, in a lone house where he was lodged, 82. A 
cont'ederacy of nobles formed to punish his
murderers, 90. Darvel Gatherin, a Welsh Rolnish idol, brought to London, and 
emplojed to burn Friar Forest, iii. 2.13.
Daubeney, Lord, genieral of Henry VII.'s army against the Scots. ordered to 
march against the Cornish rebels, iii.,52.
mEngages them at Blackheath, 53. Taken prisoner by them, but rescued, 53. 
Defeats theme, 53. D'Aubignev, Count, his
family and character, iv. 178. Is sent by the duke of Guise, to detach James of 
Scotland froin the English interest, 178.
Insinuates himself into favor with Janmes, and is created earl of Lenox, 178. 
See Lenox. David, king of Scotland, invades
Englaind in favor of'the empress Matilda, i. 276. Routed, 276. Confers 
knighthood on Henry, son of the enlpress, 283.,
eldest son and heir of Lewellyn, prince of Wales,'does homage to Henry I1l., and 
delivers his brother Griffin into his hands,
ii. 42. Is taken prisoner by Edward I., and tried, anld executed as a traitor, 
78. Davis's Straits discovered, iv. 365. Davison,
Secretary, is ordered by Queen Elizabeth to prepare a warrant for the execution 
of Mary, queen of Scots, iv.- 237. Is
persuadled by the council to send the warrant to be put into force, 238. Is' 
punished in the star chamber for so doing, 246.
His account of Elizabeth's behavior, in justification of himself, 247. Dauphin, 
the occasion of the eldest sons of the kings of
France obtaining that appellation, ii 239. Dess:' commands a body of French 
troops sent to the assistance of the Scots, iii.
342. Besieges Haddington, 342. Retires, 344. D'Ew-es, Sir Simon, his character 
of Queen Henrietta, consort of Charlsa I.,
v. 312, n. De Gray, John, bishop of Norwich, chosen to the see of Canterbury, ih 
opposition to the clandestine election of
Reginald, i. 408. De la Mare, Peter, the first speaker of the house of commons, 
chosen, ii 23). De Ruyter, the Dutch
admiral, engages Sir George Ayscue, v. 43"). In conjunction with De WVitte. is 
defeated by Blake and others, 430.'-He
and Tromp defeat Blake, 431. Attacks the English settlements in the next war 
with Cliarles II., vi. 38. He and Tromp engage
the English fleet for four days, 46. Is defeated at the mouth of the Thamles, 
48. Sails up the Medway and Thames, and burns
the English ships. durinV the treaty of Breda, 54. Battle of Solebay, 102. Is 
twice engaged'with I'rinie Rupert, the English
adimiral, 118. Engages Prince Rupert again, at the mouth of the Texel, 120. Is 
killed, 139. De Thermes, the Freneh
governor of Calais, makes an irruption intc Flanders, but is defeated by Count 
E.rmont, with the casual assistance of anEn
glish fleet on the coast, iii. 444. De Vienne, John, governor of Calais, his 
prudent preeattions on that city being besieged by
Edward III., ii. 229. His marnly parley with the English, 232. pe Witte, 
Cornelius, goes on board De Ruyter's fleet as deputy
from the states, vi. 102. Comes' on shore for his health, and is tortured on an 

Page 425 
INDEX. 425 accusation of attempting to poison the prince of Orange, 110, Is, 
with his brother, cruelly Imurdered by the
populace, 111. De Witte, John, the Dutch minister, his character, vi. 40. Takes 
the command of'the fleet himself, after the
defeat and death of Obdam, 41. Protracts the negotiations at Breda, 54. His 
negotiations with Sir WVilliam Temple to
oppose the French conquests in the Netherlands, 64. Concludes the triple 
alliance with England and Swede!n, 65. His
friendly visit to Temple, 85. Is opposed, in his preparations for war, by the 
Orange faction, 100. Opposes the repeal of the
perpetual edict, 109. Is, with his brother, cruelly murdered by the populace, 
111. Deadly feud, among our Saxon ancestors,
what and how compounded, i. 168. Debt, when first contracted on parliamentary 
security, ii. 444. Decretals of Pope
Gregory IX., a character of, ii. 68. Delenider of the faith, this title bestowed 
by Pope Leo X. on Henry VIII., iii. 133. Deists,
a character of, under the commonwealth, v. 440. Delinquents, this term when 
introduced, and how applied, by the house of
comonons, v. 133. Denham, Sir John, his character as a poet, v. 531. HIis death, 
531. Denmark. See Danes. James VI. of
Scatland goes over to, and marries a princess of, iv. 27i). King of, his t, 
tchery towards the Dutch East India fleet, vi. 42.
His treachery towards Charles II. of England, 43. Joins the confederates against 
Louis XIV., 139. Prince George of,
married to the lady Anne, daughter of James, duke of York, 277. Prince George 
joins the prince of Orange, 345. See Anne,
Lady. Derby, H-enry, earl of, son of the earl of Lancaster, is sent by Edward 
III. to protect the province of Guienne, ii. 218.
His military operations there, 213. Instance of his generous regard to his 
promise, 218, is. His further successes, 230.
Becomes earl of Lancaster, 238. See Lancaster. —., countess of, is the last 
person who submitted to the forces of the
commonwealth, v. 424. Letter from the earl of, in answer to Ireton's surmmons, 
554. Dermot Macmorrogh, king of
Leinster, his tyrannic conduct, i. 330. Solicits the assistance of Henry II. of 
England, 330. Engages Strolngbow Fitzgerald,
and Fitzstephens, to undertake expeditions in his favor, 331. Desborow, 
brother-in-law to Oliver Cromw.vell, opposes his
accepting the title of king, v. 476. Engages in the cabal at Wallin-ford House, 
492. Obliges Richard Cromwell to dissolve his
parliament, 493. Despenser, Hugh le, the chief justiciary appointed by the 
council of barons, removed by Henry III., ii. 41.
Is restored by the earl of Leicester 44. Refuses to abide by the award of Lewis 
of France, 47. Is killed at the battle of
Evesharn, 57....-.., HIugh le, favorite of Edward II,, his character, ii. 156. 
Char acter of his father, 156. The earl of
Lancaster and the barons combine against him,l156. Is married to Edward's niece, 
co-heir of the earl om Gloucester, 156.
His lands ravaged by the barons, 157. The parliamen* forced to pronounce a 
sentence of forfeiture and exile upon hinm and
his fatlher, 158. Is recalled by the king, with his father, 158. His rapacious 
ness, after the forfeitures of the duke of
Lancaster's party, 160. His father murdered by the barons, 165. Is himself put 
to death, 165. Particulars of his father's
losses by the barons, 174. Remarks on these losses, and conclusions drawn from 
them, 174. Devonshire, an insurrection
there to oppose the reformation, headed by Humphrey Arundel, iii. 356. Exeter 
besieged by the insurgents, 357. They are
defeated by Lord Russel, 357. _: - --—, Courtney, earl of, is proposed as a 
husband to Queen Mary, iii. 395. Incurs her
resentment on declining it, 396. Is released from confinement by -the mediation 
of Philip, and dies abroad, 413. Digby, Sir
Everard, engages in the gunpowder' plot, iv. 402. Is executed for it, 405. 
Evidences of his former good character, 405. 36 *

Page 426 
426 TNDEx. Directory for public worship, one established by the assembly of 
divines at Westminster, in the room of the
liturgy, v. 291. Dispensing power, the house of commons address James II. on his 
exercising it, vi. 303. His obstinate
continuance of it, 306. The ancient claim, and exercise of, by the crown, 306. 
Arguments against it, 309. Is abolished by the
bill of rights, 310, n. n'Oisel, a Frenchman, attends the queen dowager to 
Scotland, to assist her in the administration, iii.
441. Projects a tax to maintain a standing force there, 441. This scheme 
opposed, 441. Is reproved by the ccuncil for his
hostile attacks on the English borders, 442. Domesday Book, the nature of, 
explained, i. 212. Dominicans and Franciscans,
observations on the institutions of those new orders of religious, ii. 68. 
Donne, a character of his satires, iv. 524. Doring, a
Protestant minister, openly reproves Queen Elizabeth for obstructing the 
reformation, iv. 118, sn. Dorislaus, his history, and
murder, v. 399. Dorset, marquis of, commands the English forces at the 
expedition to Fontarabia, iii. 87. Discovers the
double-dealing of his auxiliary, Ferdinand of Arragon, 88. Returns to England, 
88. Douay, a seminary founded there by
Philip II. of Spain, for the education of English Catholics, iv. 182. -Dover, a 
tumult there, occasioned by the retinue of
Eustace, count of Boulogne, i. 126. Burnt by Philip of France, ii. 95. Douglas, 
Lord, appointed by Robert Bruce joint
commander with the earl of Murray, of the Scots army invading England, on the 
death of Ed ward II., ii. 179. His bold
attempt to seize Edward III. in his camp, 181. Retires home, 181. Goes to Spain 
on a crusade against the Moors, 187. - --,
Sir Archibald, defeats Edward Baliol, and drives him to England, ii. 189. Is 
defeated and killed by Edward II1. at Halidown
Hill, 190. ~. — -, Earl, his irruption into England, and defeat, ii. 331. 
Assists young Piercy at the battle of Shrewsbury, 333.
-- -, George, assists with others in asssassinating David Rizzio, iv. 75. 
Downing, the English resident in Holland, seizes
Berkstead, Cobbet, and Okey, three of the king's judges, and sends them to 
England, vi. 24. Presents a memorial of English
complaints to the states, 37. Is again sent over on the removal of Sir William 
Temple, 93. Drake,- Francis, his voyage round
the world, and depredations on the Spaniards, iv. 180. Is knighted by Elizabeth, 
180. His expedition to the Spanish West
Indies, 210. Destroys a Spanish fleet at Cadiz, 250. Takes a rich carrack at 
Tercera, 250. Commands against the Spanish
armada, under Lord Effingham, 256. Takes two large vessels belonging to it, 262. 
Undcrtakes an expedition against
Portugal, 266. Destroys a Spanish fleet at the Groine, 267. Makes an 
unsuccessful attack on Lisbon, 268. Burns Vigo,. and
returns, 268. Makes an unsuccessful attempt on Porto Rico, 289. Is repulsed at 
Darien, where he dies, 289. Dreux, battle
of, between the constable, Montmorency and the prince of Conde, iv. 55. Druids, 
their office and power, i. 3.
Excommunication by them, fatal consequences of irvcurring, 3. Their doctrines, 
3. Their places of worship, 3. Their rites, 4.
Their treasures, how preserved, 4. Their religion no, abrAlished without force, 
4. Their chief seat at Anglesey destroyed,
atrd themselves burnt, by Suetonius Paulinus, 6. Dryden, his character as a 
poet, vi. 375. Was suffered to remain in poverty,
377. pa Gaesclia, & gentleman of Brittany, his character, ii. 255. Is employed 
tm'he wpr; of Charles, king of France, 255. Is
employed, to enlist the omparAi-s of banditti to serve against Castile, 257. His 
resolute 

Page 427 
INDEX. 427 demands of the pope at Avignon, 258. Chases Peter, king of Castile, 
from his dominions, 258. Is defeated by
Prince Edwarc., 259. Is made constable of France, 263. Dublin, a conspiracy 
formed for seizing the castle of, by Roger
More, v, 181. The plot discovered, 182. Receives the English fugitives from the 
other provinces, 186. Its distress during the
devastation of Ireland, 264. Dudley, a lawyer, the instrument employed by Henry 
VII. in oppressing his people, his
character, iii. 62 His mode of practice, 62. Chosen speaker of the house of 
commons, 63. Summoned before the privy
council of Henry VIII., 80. Committed to the Tower, 81. Triled, 81. Executed to 
gratify the people, 81., the lord Guildford,
married to the lady Jane Grey, iii. 381. Is apprehended with the lady Jane, on 
the acknowledgment of Queen Mary, 390. Is
sentenced together with his lady, 391. Is executed on occasion of Suffolk's 
fresh conspiracy, 405., Lord Robert, becomes
the declared favorite of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 46. Is created earl of Leicester, 
and proposed by Elizabeth as a husband for
Mary, queen of Scots, 63. See Leicester. Duelling, when, and on what occasion 
the general practice of,.first took rise, iii.
161. Dunbar, the castle of, surre'ndered'to Edward I., ii. 108. Sir George Hume 
created earl of, iv. 380. Battle of, between
Oliver Cromwell and the Scots general, Lesley, v. 412. Duncan, natural son of 
Malcolm, king of Scotland, seizes the
kingdom, i. 225. Dundee is taken by General Monk, and the inhabitants put to the 
sword, v. 425. Dunes, battle of, between
the combined army of English and French, and the Spaniards, v. 480. Dunfermling, 
abbot of~ is appointed one of the
commissioners, on the part of the king and kingdom of Scotland, to inquire into 
the conduct of Mary, queen of Scots, iv.
103. Elizabeth's declaration to him, respecting the treaty she had entered into 
with Mary, 131. Is appointed by the Scots
parliament a commissioner to treat with Elizabeth concerning Mary, 131. Is 
dismissed by her, without concluding on any
thing, 132. Joins an association of the nobility, who seize James from the hands 
of Lenox and Arran, 190. Dunkirk is taken
from the Spaniards, and delivered to Oliver Cromwell, v. 481. Is sold to the 
French by Charles II., vi. 28. Dunois, count of,
raises the siege of Montargis, ii. 384. Defeated and wounded in an action with 
Sir John Fastolffe, 387. Overrules Joan
d'Arc's instructions for conducting the convoy to Orleans, 391. Yields to her in 
a second instance, 392. Prevails on her to
alter her scheme of a general attack of the English trenches, 393. Probably 
prompted all her measures, 395. Persuades her
to stay, on her wanting to return home, 398. His further successes against the 
English, 401. Besieges and takes Mans,
refused to be surrendered according to treaty by the governor, 413. Assists at 
the final reduction of Normandy, 414.
Recovers Guienne from the English, 415. Commands the troops of Brittany under 
his father, iii. 22.; Gained over to the
interests of France, 32. Dunstan, St., abbot of Glastonbury, his ascendency over 
King Edred, i. 84. His life and character,
86. Is placed at the head of the treasury, 87. His insolent behavior to King 
Edwy, 89. Banished, 89. Returns, and heads the
rebellion against Edwy, 90. Promoted to the see of Canterbury, 9(0. Enjoins 
Edgar penance for sacrilege, 94. Crowns King.
Edward the Martyr, 98.'His motives for adhering to Edward in preference to his 
brdther, 98. Miracles in favor of, 98.
Darham, Hugh de Puzas, bishop of, purchases the office of chief justiciary, and 
the earldom of Northumberland, of Richard
I., i. 368. Is appointed 

Page 428 
gn8 f.tINDEnX. joint guardian of the realm with Longehamp, bishop of Ely, during 
Richard's absence on the crusade, 369
3- See Ely. Eadiald succeeds his father in the kiugdolm of Kent, i. 29. Why he 
renounced Christianity, 29< Receives it
again, 3'). Eadburga, wife of Brithric, king of 1Mercia, her infamous character, 
i. 44. Earl and Aldernman, synollIlyl(ous
appellations among the caxons, i. 155, 478. The origintal nature of this dignity 
explained, ii. 99. Earpwold, king of East
Anglia, apostatizes from Christianity, i. 36. History of his successors, 36. 
East Anglia, history of the Saxon kingdom of, i. 36.
East India, the new passage tO, round the Cape of Good Hope, first dis covered, 
iii. 75. - Company, the first patent granted
to, by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 365. A new patent granted to, by James I., 517. 
Differences between, and the Dutch Company,
617. Cruelties practised by the Dutch at Amboyna, 517. Its charter revived and 
supported by Charles II., vi. 370. Easter,
disputes among the Saxon clergy concerning computing the time of that feast, i. 
49. Ecclesiastical courts, a complaint
preferred by the commons to Henry VIII., against the oppressions of, iii. 188. 
---- governlent of England, innovations  made
in, by William the Conqueror, i. 196. -- revenues, the taxation of, resigned to 
parliament, vi. 39. and civil powers,
advantages resulting from a union between, iii. 130. Ecclesiastics, their homage 
to laymen for temporalities condemned by
the council of Bari, i. 235. Why unfit for being intrusted with the great 
offices under the crown in the Papal times of England,
ii. 207. Causes which favored their promotion to them, 217. Their encouragement 
secured by the attachment of mankind to
their doctrines, iii. 129. The political motives to fixing their salaries, and 
bribing them to indolence, 129. These motives the
foundation of religious establishments, 129. How they became dangerous to the 
civil authority, 130. See Bishops, Heresy,
and Reformation. Edgar, successor to Edwy, king of England, his wise 
administration, i. 99. Establishes a formidable navy,
91. His barge said to be rowed by eight tributary princes, 91. Hlis attachment 
to the monks, 91. Ithveighs against the secular
clergy, 92. His address to Dunstan, 92. How he gained his good character, 93. 
Instances of his licentious conduct, 93.
Treacherous conduct of Athelwold towards him, 95. Kills Athelwold, 96. Espouses 
Elfrida, 96. Encourages foreigners to
settle, 96. Clears the country of wolves, 97. - Atheling, judged unfit for the 
succession by King Edward the Confessor, i.
131, 133. Proclaimed by Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, 179. Submits to 
William the Conqueror, 180. Kindly treated
by him, 183. Attends William to Normandy, 184. Retires to Scotland with his 
sisters, and marries one to King Malcolm,
191. Returns, and excites an insurrection, 192. Received into favor, 201. Sent 
into Scotland to restore Edgar, the right heir
to that kingdom, 237. Lives long, and dies in peace, 251. Rdge-hill, battle of, 
between Charles I. and the earl of Essex, v.
236. Edinburgh, taken by Edward.I., ii. 108. Is burnt by Richard II., 287. 
Seized by Henry IV., 331. Pillaged and burnt by
HIenry VIII., iii. 292. Riot of Protestants there, on the festival of St. Giles, 
iv. 19. Receives the army of the Congregation of
the Lord. 24. Treaty signed there by the English plenipotentiaries and those of 
France, 28. A tumult there on introducing the
liturgy, v. 99. The solemn league and covenant framed there, 261. Is seized by 
Ciomwell, after the victory of Dunbar, 412.
Editha, a nun, carried off and ravished by King Edgar, i. 93. Penance enjoined 
him by Dunstan on this occasion, 94. 

Page 429 
INDEX 429 e-ath, nut,`ter -f Earl Godwin, is married to Edward the Confessor, i. 
123. s.'t,' by er husband on her father's
account, 126. Edmond, pril.'-te -f:ngiand, pro:'ures the dismission of the 
bishop of Winchester, b' his mn, ace to'Henry III.,
ii. 16. His pi udent conduct in result, 16. h, v 1, o. tained the see of 
Canterbury, 20. Ironside, so,. o. Bthelred, king of
England, state of the kingdom at his accession,:. 23 His battles with Canute, 
114. Shares his kingdom with him, 114.
l-ulrerod,.114.- Fate of his child-en, 115. Edulnund, successor to Ath'!s. n, 
k'ng of England, his shoAt reign and violent
death, i. 83. Edred, successor to Edmund, khas o, England, quells the Danos, and 
receives homage of Malcolm, k. b.
o:Scotland, i. 83, 84. Al rantages taken of his superstition, 84. Edric, son of 
Egbert, dispossessed, v:'is uncle Lothaire, of the
kingdom of Kent, i. 3.). Defeats him, and odi b ~ the succession, 30., Duke, his 
treacherous behaviol i O10. Deserts to
Cann'v, 113 Returns to the service of Edmond Iro-b. a.,, and betrays him, li'. 
Ex ecuted by Canute, 115. Edward the Elder,
son of Alfred, hip reign, i 76. His title contest:d by Ethelwald, his' cousin 
german, 77. The X it 1'Von suppressed, 77 His
wars against the Northumbrians and Dal.A,':. Repels the Scot,. 78. Account of 
his sister Ethelfleda, 79. - the Martyr, son to
Edgar, king of Eng\ \d, crowned by Duno'tan, i. 98. His tragical death, 99. ~ 
&#8212;-the Confessor, the Saxon line restored.Vy
his accession to the crown of England, i. 123. His partiality to the tl- mans, 
125. Espouwes Editha, daughter of Earl
Godiwin, 126. His at'p x X a to exclude Ha -)l I from the succession, 131. His 
death and charact' \37, 138. Compiled a
body of laws, 138. The first who touched for tL,.vil, 138. Terrible fanmine iti 
the time of, 176. Some of his laws reste.'.,
2St0. [Prince, eldest son of Henry III., shows early i..i:ations of a great 
sitrit'. il. 34. Is obliged to swear obedience to the
cc:;'1 of twenty-foul barons, appointed by the Oxford parliament, 35.'1'i 
knights of the, shires appeal to him against the
delays and proceedin, v of the council of barons, 36. His conduct on this 
occasion, 36. Ref l;-' to avail himself of the pope's
absolution from his oath, to observe tl provisions of Oxford, 40. Is taken 
prisoner by Leicester, 45. Is restost h by the king's
treaty and compliance with the barons, 45. Forms a pat ~ against the barons, 45. 
His ardor at the battle of Lewes occasions
h.t father to be defeated and taken prisoner, 49. His treaty with Leicesv'i, 50. 
Hij treatment by Leicester, 55. Escapes from
his custody,,56. D't ats Simoo de Mountfort, coming to join his father, 56.' 
Defeats and kYl'. the earl of Leicester at
Eveshaml, 57. Saves his father's life in this attle, 57. His gallant defeat of 
Adam de Gourdon, and generous treatmeintt of
him, 58. Is prevailed on by the king of France to engage in a tlusade to the 
Holy Land, 60. Takes the earl of Gloucester with
him, )0. Arrives at Tunis, and finds Lewis dead, 60. Escapes assassinn,;.on, 61. 
Is recalled by his father, who dies quickly
after, 61. - I. proclaimed, ii. 70. Guardians of the realm appointed, ui til his 
return to England, 70. Influence of his known
character in keei.' ug the kingdom quiet, 70. His different emotions at hearing 
of the de.dths. of his father and of his infant
son, h)ow explained by him, 71. Si, nds a year in France before his return to 
England, 71. Incenses the tirench knights lby
Isis successes in a tournaiment at Chalons, 71. Does h( mage to Phll:p, at 
Paris, for his French dominion.s, 71. Is crowned
at'Vestninster,. 71. Applies himself to rectifying the disorders of governllent, 
72. Calls a parliament, with this intention, 72.
Appoints itin,,rant commissioners for the punishnient of criminals, 72. Annuls 
the commis sion, 73. His cruelty towards the
Jews accused of adulterating the coin, 73. Banishes th-,m; 74. His: frugal 
management of his revenue, 74 

Page 430 
430 INDEX. Supplies granted to him, 74. Summons Lewellyn, prince of Wales, to 
renew his homage, 75. Reduces him on
his non-compliance, 76. Takes his brother and successor David prisoner, tries 
and executes him as a traitor, 78. Puts all the
Welsh bards to death, 78. Traditional account of the annexation of the 
principality of Wales to the crown, and its giving title
to the king's eldest son, 78. Goes abroad to mediate a peace between Alphonso, 
king of Arragon, and Philip of France, 79.
Negotiates a treaty of marriage between Prince Edward and Margaret of Norway, 
queen of Scotland, 81. This project
frustrated by her death, 82. The claims of the competitors for the crownl of 
Scotland referred to his decision, 83. His
reflections and schqmes on this appeal to him, 84. Searches monastic records to 
establish a claim to the kingdom of
Scotland, 84. Goes with an army to Norham, on the south of the Tweed, to 
determine the right of the Scottish crown, 86.
Declares to them his right to dispose of the crown, as liege lord of Scotland, 
86. Requires of the competitors an
acknowledgment of his superiority, 88. Obtains this concession from them, 88. 
Claims and obtains possession of the Scots
fortresses, 89. The Scots barons and prelates swear fealty to him, 89. Decides 
in favor of John Bailiol, 90. Baliol swears
fealty to him, and is put in possession of the crown, 90. Provokes the Scots and 
their new king by his acts of usurpation over
them, 90. Mutual depredations committed by the ships of France and England, 
occasioned by a private quarrel, 91. His
offers to accommodate the difference rejected, 93. Loses the province of Guienne 
by the artifice of Philip of France, 93. His
attempts to recover it defeated by Philip, 94. The occasion of changing the 
feudal military service into pecuniary supplies,
96. The consequences of this alteration, 100. The first beginnings of popular 
government to be dated from his reign, 101.
Summons the representatives of the people in parliament to obtain their consent 
to supplies for government, 102. Summons
deputies of the inferior clergy to parliament, 106. They scruple to assemble on 
his writ, 106. This objection accommodated,
and the two houses of convocation formed, 106. Summons John Baliol to assist him 
against France, and makes other
demands, which he refuses, 107. Assembles an army to chastise him, 107. Takes 
Berwick by assault, and puts the garrison
to the sword, 108. The Scots defeated by Earl Warrenne, and the castle of Dunbar 
surrendered, 108. Takes Edinburgh,
and subdues all Scotland, 108. Baliol submits to him, 108. Carries him prisoner 
to the Tower of London, 109. Carries away
the famous stone, destroys the Scots records, breaks their great seal, and 
leaves Earl Warrenne governor of Scotland, 109.
Makes another unsuccessful attack upon Guienne, 109. Marries his daughter to 
John, earl of Holland, and forms alliances
against France, 110. Obtains grants from parliament, 110. Is opposed in his 
demands by the clergy, 111. The occasion of
this opposition, 111. Prohibits all rent to the clergy, 111. Excludes them from 
the protection of the laws, 112. Reduces them
to compliance, 113. His oppressive extortions on trade, 113. Norfolk, Hereford, 
and other barons, refuse to serve in the
expedition to Gascony, 114. Violent altercation between Hereford and him, 114. 
Appoints a new constable and mareschal
to act in their places for the present service, 114. Reconciles himself with the 
clergy, and appoints the archbishop of
Canterbury and Reginald de Grey tutors to Prince Edward, 115. Apologizes to his 
nobility for the irregularity of
his-former-conduct, 115. Promises a reformation of government at his return, 
115. A remonstrance presented to him at his
departure, by the earls of Norfolk and Hereford, 115. Seals the two charters in 
Flanders, which are previously confirmed by
parliament at home, 116. Is obliged to confirm them again on his return in the 
fullest manner, 117. His reluctance to limiting
the boundaries of forests, 117. Obtains frorr the pope an absolution from his 
engagements to observe the charters, 116.
Confirms them again with an exception to the late perambulation of the 

Page 431 
INrDEX. 431 forests, 118. Concludes a truce with Philip of France, and submits 
the differences between them to Pope
Boniface, 120. The pope's award be tween them, 120. Marries Margaret, the sister 
of Philip, 120. The Scots rise against
him under William Wallace, 121, 122. His army under Earl Warrenne defeated by 
Wallace, 123. Advances with a great
army to Scotland, 125. Overthrows the Scots at Falkirk, 126. Is applied to by 
Pope Boniface in behalf of Scotla'nd, 128.
His answer to the pope, 128. Appoints John de Segrave guardian of Scotland, 12Q. 
Returns to Scotland, ravages the whole
country, and receives the submission of the Scots, 130. Endeavors to fix his 
government over Scotland, 131. Wallace
betrayed inrto his hands, 131. Executes Wallace as a traitor, 131. His army 
under Aymer de Valence defeats Robert Bruce,
136. Dies, 136. His character, 136. IIis legislative acts, 137. Allowed his 
barons to entail their estates, 139. Was the first
who passed a statute of mortmain, 139. His probable motives in this law, 139. A 
summary view of the supplies granted him
by the parliament and clergy, 140. His children, 142. Edward, Prince, second son 
of Edward I., the traditional account of
his being made prince of Wales, ii. 78. A treaty of marriage negotiated between 
him and Margaret of Norway, queen of
Scotland, 81. This project frustrated by her death, 82. The archbishop of 
Canterbury and Reginald.de Grey appointed
tutors to him, 11.5. Is made guardian of the realm during his father's 
expedition to Flanders, 115. Assents to the charters -of
liberties during his father's absence, 116. Is contracted to Isabella, daughter 
of Philip of France, 120. - II., his accession, ii.
143. Indications of his weakness of mind, 143. His feeble attempt against 
Scotland, 144. His attachment to Piers Gavaston,
144. Appoints him guardian of the realm, on his journey to France, 145. Marries 
Isabella of France, 145. Is obliged to
banish Gavaston, 146. Sends him lord lieutenant of Ireland, 146. Obtains of the 
pope a dispensation for Gavaston's oath
never to return, 147. The authority of government vestedl in a council of 
twelve, who again banish Gavaston, 147, 148.
Makes a secret protestation against their ordinances, 148. Invites Gavaston back 
from his second banishment, 149.
Thomas, earl of Lancaster, raises an army against him, 149. His narrow escape 
from Lancaster, 149. His rage at Gavaston's
murder, 150. Is reconciled to his barons, 150. Makes a fruitless expedition to 
Scotland, 152. Assembles a great army
against the Scots, 152. Is defeated by Robert Bruce at Bannockburn, 153. The 
dependency of Scotland lost by this defeat,
154. The barons obtain a renewal of the ordinances from him, 155. Reflections on 
his incapacity for government, 155, 156.
Character of HIugh le Despenser and his father, his favorites, 156. Enrages the 
barons, who combine against the
Despensers, 156. Seizes the barony of Gower from John de Mowbray, and gives it 
to Hugh le Despenser, 157. The barons
peremptorily insist on his dismissing Despenser, 157. His queen insulted by Lord 
Badlesmere, 158. Punishes this lord, 158.
Recalls the Despensers, banished by parliament, 158. Overpowers his barons, 159. 
Lancaster declares his alliance with
Scotland, and raises an army against him, 159. Lancaster defeated and executed, 
160. Makes another fruitless attempt
against Scotland, 160. Concludes a truce with Bobert Bruce for thirteen years, 
161. His disputes with France, 161. His
queen, Isabella, goes to Paris to mediate between her husband and brother, 161. 
Resigns Guienne to his son Prince
Edward, 162. Intimacy between his queen and Roger Mortimer, 162. Her reply when 
he:sent for her back again; 163.
Isabella forms a conspiracy against him, 163. Isabella invades Suffolk, and is 
joined by the barons, 164. He leaves London,
and retires to the we.st, 164. Retreats to Wales, 165. Is seized by the earl of 
Leicester, and confined in Kenilworth Castle,
165. Is deposed by parliament, 166. A resignation extorted from him, 166. Is 
pitied by the peoplp, 166. Is taken from the 

Page 432 
132 INDEX. custody of Leicester, and delivered to Lord Berkeley. 16G. His cruel 
usage, 167. Is murdered by lMautravers
and Gournay, 168. His char. acter, 168. Comparison between his reign and that of 
his father, 169. Prices of commodities in
his reign, 172. His children, 177. dwvard, Prince, son to Edward II., is 
invested by his father with the duchy of Guienne, ii.
162. Goes to Paris to do homlage for it, 162. Is affianced by his mother, 
Isabella, to Philippa, daughter of the count of
Holland and Hainault, 164. - III., his accession, ii. 178. The earl of Lancaster 
appointed guardian to him, 178. Marches with
an army to oppose the Scots, 179. His difficulty in coming up with them, 18n. 
Hiis defiance to the Scots genferals, how
answered, 180. His xnarrow escape from the bold attempt of Earl Douglas, 181. 
Enters into a scheme to seize Mortimer,
184. As. sumes the exercise of government. 185. lltis strict regard to the sup. 
pression of robbery, 185. Encourages secretly
the pretensions of Edward Baliol to the crown of Scotland, 187. Undertakes to 
restore Edward Baliol, when driven out of
Scotland, 189. Defeats the Scots at Halidown Hill, 190. The foundation of his 
claim to the crown of France, 192. The
weakness of his pretensions shown, 193. Is summoned to do homnage for Guienne, 
194. Is obliged to perform it, 194.
Prepares for a war with France, 196. Engages the Flenings to assist him, through 
the means of James d'Arteville, 197.
Raises a force, and passes over to Flanders, 197. Is created vicar of the German 
empire, 198. Assumnies the title of king of
France, 198. Contracts his son' Edward to the daughter of the duke of Brabant, 
199. Invades France, but retires into
Flanders, and disbands his army, 200. Is greatly impoverished by his fruitless 
expedition, 200. Remarks on his present
situation with his parliament, 200, 201. Obtains conditional grants from them, 
201. The resolutions of parliament on his
assumed title as king of France, 202. Obtains a great victory over the French 
fleet, 202. Besieges Tournay, 203, 204.
Philip's reply to his defiance, 204. Concludes a truce with Philip, by the 
mediation of Jane, countess of Hainault, 205. Is
deserted by his allies, 206. His ill humor towards his ministers on his return, 
207. Archbishop Stratford enters into a
combination against him, 208. Stratford's letter to him, 208. Is reconciled to 
him, 209. Review of his present situation, 209.
Is obliged to pass an act for redress of grieyances before he obtains any 
grants, 210. Makes a secret protest against it, 211.
Issues an edict against the validity of this act, 211. Patronizes the 
pretensions of the count de Mountfort to the duchy of
Brittany, 213. Relieves the countess besieged at }tennebonne, 215. Sends another 
fleet to her assistance under Robert
d'Artois, 2-15. Goes over to Brittany in person, 216. His treaty with the 
French, 217. How induced to break this truce,
217. Sends the earl of Derby to defend Guienne, 218. Invades Normandy, 220. His 
successes there, 221. Seizes and
plunders Caen, 221. Penetrates as far as Paris, 222. Disposition of his army at 
Crecy, 224. His address to his army, 224.
Defeats the French at Crecy, 227. His moderate expectations from this victory, 
229. Besieges Calais. 229. His terms to the
besieged, 232. Queen Philippa intercedes for the deputies ordered by him to 
execution, 233. Turns out the inhabitants and
peoples it with Englishmen, 233. Concludes a truce with France, 234. Discovers 
the treachery of his governor at Calais, and
engages himr to deceive the French, 234. Engages the French army which was to 
have seized Calais, and routs it, 234. His
affability to his prisoners, 235. Institutes the order of the garter, 236. 
Traditional accounts of the occasion of this institution,
236. Concerts two invasions -f France, 239. Invades France from Calais, while 
his son invades it: from Guienne, 239. 240..
Battle: of Poictiers, 241. John, king of France, brought prisoner to London, 
246. Restores King David Bruce on a ransom,
247. Coneludes a treaty with John, which is rejected by the dauphin and states 
of France, 250. Invades France- with a vast
force, 250. Progress of his 

Page 433 
H DEXs 433 armss250. Is induced to conclude a more moderate treaty, by the duke 
of Lancaster, 252. Peace of Bretigni,
253.- His succors to Prince Ed ward, under the earl of Pembroke, seized at sea 
by Henry, king of Ca'stile, 263. Loses most
of his territories in France, 263. Attaches himself to Alice Pierce, but is 
forced to remove her from court, 264. Dies, 264.
His character, 265. Retrospect of his reign. 265. His children, 266. His regard 
to parliaments, 267. Cases of high treason
limited in his reign, 267. His frequent confirmations of the Great Charter, 268. 
Windsor Castle built by him, and by what
means, 269. His great exertion of the prerogatives of the crown, 269. His 
frequent levies of taxes without authority of
parliament, 270. His open avowal of this power, 270. Passes the statute of 
provisors, 271. State of the internal police in this
reign, 272. State of commerce and industry, 273. His reign, an interesting 
period of our history, 277. Edward, prince of
Wales, son to Edward III., is contracted to the daughter of the duke of Brabant, 
ii. 199. Is appointed guardian of the realm
during his father's absence in Flanders, 200. Calls a parliament, but is unable 
to procure his father any supplies, 201. Attends
his father ill an expedition to France, 220 His gallant behavior at the battle 
of Crecy, 226. His father's behavior to him that
day, 227. Invades and ravages Languedoc and other parts of France, 240. 
Endeavors to march into Normandy, 241.
Defeats King John at Poictiers, and takes him prisoner, 244. His noble behavior 
to his prisoner, 245. Concludes a truce,
246. Is invested with the principality of Aquitaine, 258. Recalls his soldiers 
ficmn the service of Henry, count of
Transtamare,-259. Defeats Tralls tamare. and restores Peter; king of Castile, 
259. Peter's ingratitude to him, 2i59. Is
involved in debt by this expedition, and taxes his principality of Wales to 
repay it, 260. His reply to the French king's sum
mons, 262. Goes to France to oppose the French hostilities, where his health 
declines, 262. Loses most of his French
possessions, and con eludes a peace, 263. His death and character, 264. How he 
obtained the appellation of the Black
Prince, 266. --, Prince, son to Henry VI., born, ii. 432. Extraordinary 
adventure of, with his mother, Margaret, in a forest,
451. Married to Lady Anne, daughter to the earl of Warwick, 462. Killed, 471. 
IV. proclaimed, ii. 442. Reflections on this
event, 442. His character, 445. Instance of his cruelty, 445. The parties of 
York and Lancaster, how distinguished, 445.
Routs the Lancastrians at Touton, 446. His title recognized by parliament, 449. 
Executes divers by martial law, 450. Gets
possession of Henry VI., and imprisons him in the Tower, 452. His behavior 
during this interval of peace, 452. Becomes
enamored with the Lady Elizabeth Grey, 453. Marries her, 454. Disgusts the earl 
of Warwick, 454; who makes a party
against him, 455. 5hakes an alliance with Charles, duke of Burgundy, 456; and 
bestows his sister on him, 457. Leagues also
with the duke of Brittany, 457. Insurrection in Yorkshire, 457. Confusion in 
this period of the English history, 458. Quells an
insurrection in Lincolnshire, 460. Secretly gains over Clarence from Warwick's 
interest, 463. lMarclies against;Wzarwick's
army, 464. Chased from his own camp by the treachery of the rmarquls of 
Montague, 464. Flies to Holland, 464. Assisted
by the duke of Burgundy, he lands in Yorkshire, 468. Enters London, and gets 
possession of Henry VI., 469. Defeats
Warwick at-Barnet, 470. Defeats Queen Margaret's army at Tewkesbury', 471. 
Resigns himself to gayety on the return of
peace, 472. Projects an invasion of France, 473. Invades France, 474. Lewis 
agrees to buy peace by a tribute, 47,5.
Interview with Lewis, 475. Obstructs the duke of Clarence's marriage with the 
heiress of Burgundy, 478. Procures his trial
and execution, 480. Contracts marriage for all his children, without effect, 
482. His'death, character, and famlily, 483.
Reflections on the state of the court at this period, 484. Leaves his brother, 
the duke of Gloucester, regent, during VOL. VI.
37 

Page 434 
434 JNDEX. the minority of his son, 485. His legitimacy denied by the duke of 
Gloucester, 492. Edward V., state of parties
at his accession, ii. 484. The duke of Gloucester left regent during his 
minority, 485. His person intrusted to the earl of
Rivers, 485. His guardian arrested by the duke of Gloucester, 487. Is mlurdered 
in the Tower, with his brother the duke of
York, by order of Richard III., 494. Their bodies found in the reign of Charles 
II., 495. Je &#8212;-, Prince, son of Henry VIII.,
born, iii. 239. His mother, Queen Jane Seymour, dies, 239. Is contracted to 
Mary, the infant queen of Scotland, 283. His
father, Henry VIII., dies, 307. Y[l., his accession, iii. 320. Names of the 
regency during his minority, 323. The earl of
Hertford chosen protector, and made duke of Somlerset, 321. Grants Somerset a 
confirmation of his authority by patent,
324. Discovers a propensity to literature, 325. His reluctance at signing the 
warrant for the execution of Joan Bocher, 353 Is
remnoved to Windsor Castle by the protector, 362. Is addressed by the council to 
dismiss Somerset, which he complies
with, 363. A new council of regency formed, 364. His grief at his sister the 
lady Mary's obstinacy in the Catholic faith, 370.
Is induced by Northumnberlan d to write circulai letters to the sheriffs for 
choosing a new parliament, 378. Subsidies granted
him by parliament, 379. Amount of the crown debts at this time, 379. His health 
declines, 381. Oxrders the judges to
prepare a deed of settlement for the succession of Lady Jane Gray, 382. Signs 
the patent for her succession, 383. His
physicians dismissed, and his cure intrusted to an ignorant woman, 383. Dies, 
383. His character, 383. Edwin, successor to
Adelfrid, king of Northumberland, his wise governnment, i. 33. His singular 
escape from assassination, 33. Converted to
Christianity, 34. Slain in battle by Penda, king of Mercia, 34. His kingdom 
divided, and his family extinguished, 34. -- and
Morcar. See Morcar. Edwsy, successor to Edred, king of England, his personal 
character, i.- 88. His subjects revolt at the
instigation of the clergy, 88.:Effingham, Lord, is sent with a squadron to 
Spain, to convoy Philip to England, but is afraid of
his seamen, iii. 409. Is one of Queen Elizabeth's ambassadors at the treaty of 
Chateau,Cambresis, iv. 13..-, Lord Howard
of, commands the English navy, destined to oppose the Spanish Invincible Armada, 
iv. 256. Encounters the armada, under
the duke of Medina Sidonia, 262. Attacks and disconcerts the armada at Calais, 
262. Takes command of the fleet sent
against Cadiz, 290. Cadiz taken and plundered, 291. Is created earl of 
Nottingham, 291. See Nottingham. Egbert, son of
Ercombert, king of Kent, his cruel scheme to secure the succession to his son, 
i. 30. -&#8212;, king of Wessex, his descent, i. 44,
45. Takes refuge, and improves himself in the court of Charlemagne, 44. Recalled 
to enjoy the succession, 44. State of
Wessex at his accession, 45. Defeats the Mercians, 45. Conquers Kent and Essex, 
45. The East Angles put themselves
under his protection, 46. Conquers MIercia, 46. Northmnnberland, 46. Unites the 
Heptarchy under his government, 46, 51.
Egmont,. Count, the Spanish general, defeats de fthermes, the French governor of 
Calais, in Fkanders, by the accidental
assistance of an English squadron, then on the coast, iii. 444. Is put to death 
by the duke of Alva, iv. 149. Eland, Sir
William, governor of Nottingham Castle, betrays Roger Mortimer into the hands of 
Edward III., ii. 184. 3Aeuf, marquis of,
accompanies Queen Mary in her return to Soe tland, iv. 34. Is concerned in a 
riot at the house of Alison Craig, wt ~h thA
church takes cognizance of, 39. 

Page 435 
INDEX. 435 Eleanor, daughter of William, duke of Guienne, why divorced from 
Lewis VII. of France, i. 284. Married to
Prince Henry, son of Matilda, 284. Instigates her sons to revolt against their 
father, 337. Attempts to escape to France, and
is confined by her husband, 337. Obtains her hereditary. dominions from her 
husband, 352. Is released and imade regent by
her son Richard IL, until his arrival in England, 365. Carries Berengaria, her 
son's intended bride, to hi m at Messina, and
returns, 373. WSrites to the pope on- Richard's being, imprisoned in Germany, 
382 Arrives in Germany with the stipulated
ransom, and releases hlnl, 386 Her aversion to Constantia, mother of Arthur, 
duke of Brittany, 395..-...-, daughter of the
count of Provenc'e, married to Henry III. of England, ii. 16. The 
bounties-bestowed on her relations, 17. The pop ulace of
London insult her, 44. Prepares a force abroad, to deliver he; husband from the 
tyranny of Leicester, which is dispersed by
adverse winds, 52. Dies, 89. Elections to parliament, review of the laws 
relating to, during the reign of Henry VI., ii. 442.
How regulated under the protectorate of Olive, Cromwell, v. 449. Elfleda, a 
waitirig maid, how she became mistress to
King Edgar,-i. 94. Elfrida, the daughter of Olcar, earl of Devonshire, 
treacherously obtained in marriage by Athelwola,
favorite to King Edgar, i. 95. Espoused by Edgar, 96. Causes her son-in-law, 
King Edward the IMartyr, to be killed, 99.
Elgriva, wife to Edwy, king of England, shhckingly murdered by the clergy, i. 
90. Other representations of this story, 476.
Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn, born, iii. 192. Is created 
princess of Wales, 192. Treaty entered into
by her father for marrying her to the duke of Angouleme, 213. Her mother 
beheaded, 228. Is declared illegitimate by
parliament, 230. Is restored to her right of succession by parliament, 290. Is 
addressed by the lord Seymour, 346. Raises a
body of horse to support her sister Mary against the lady Jane Gray, 390. Cause 
of her sister's first declared animosity to
her, 396. Is confined bvyher sister under color of Wiat's insurrection, 404. Is 
released by the mediation of Philip, 413. Owes
this protection to his policy, 413. Retires into the country, and devotes 
herself to study, 443. Her prudence on the proposal
of marriage made by the king of Sweden, 443. Her caution with regard to 
religion, 443. Her sister Mary dies, 445. Great
joy manifested both by parliament and people at her accession, iv. 1. Her 
behavior on arriving at the Tower, 2. Receives all
the bishops kindly, excepting Bonner, 2. Notifies her accession to foreign 
courts, 2. Her motives for declining Philip's offers
of marriage, 3. Notifies her accession to the pope, and his expressions on the 
occasion, 3. Recalls her ambassador from
Rome, 4. Forms her council, 4. Makes Cecil secretary of state, 4. Is advise(l by 
Cecil to restore the Protestant religion, 4.
Her caution in this matter,'5. Prohibits all preaching without license, to 
suppress the violent attacks of Catholics and
reformers on each other, 6. Prohibits the elevation of the host, 6. The bishops 
disgusted, 6. Is crowned, 6. Her popular
behavior, 6. Her title recognized by the new parliament, 7. Is declared 
governess of the church by parliament, 8. The
powers conferred under this title, 8. All Edvward's statules concerning religion 
confirmed, 9. The mass abolished, and liturgy
re tored, 10. Subsidy -voted to her by the commons, 10. Her answer to;he address 
of the commons to fix on the choice of a
husband, 10. Her address in conciliating the Catholics to the reformed religion, 
12. Rejects' the proposal of'Philip, for lier
adhering to the Spanish alliance against France, J3. Her treaty with Henry 
respecting the restitution of Calais, 13. Henry
solicits her excommunication at the court of Rome, I,5. Mary, queen of Scotland, 
and her husband, the dauphin, assume the
arms and title of England,. 15. The rise of her violent jealousy against Mary, 
15. Receives a 

Page 436 
deputation from the Protestant malecontents in Scotland for assistance, and is 
persuaded by Cecil to grant it, 25. Sends a
fleet and army to Scotland, 27. Concludes a treaty with the association called 
the Congregation of the Lord, 27. Treaty of
Edinburgh, 28. Review of hex collnduct in this affair, 28. Receives a second 
deputation froim the Scots rebrmners, with
thanks, and desire of further aid, 30. Applies to Mlary, queen of Scots, for a 
ratification of the treaty of Edinlburgh, and a
renunciation of her pretensions to the English crown, which she refuses, 32. 
Denies Mary a passage through England, on her
return to Scotland, 33. Mary's spirited reply on the occasion, 33. Equips a 
fleet, with a supposed design of intercepting
Mary, who escapes it, 34. Her reply to Mary's request of being declared 
successor to the English crown, 43. Is apparently
reconciled to her, 45. Her prudent adniinistration, 45. Divers proposals of 
marriage made to her, 45. Gives a gentle refusal
to them all, 46. Her aversion to the idea of a successor, 46. Cruelly persecutes 
the earl of Hertford and his lady front this
motive, 47. -Pardons Arthur Pole and others, convicted of a conspiracy, 47. 
Philip of Spain begins to manifest his enmnity
to her, 51l. Enters into a treaty with the prince of Conde, and has Havre de 
Grace put into her hands, 54. Assists the French
Protestants, after the battle of Dreux, 55. Falls dangerously ill of the 
small-pox, 55. Is addressed by the commofins to marry,
56. Her reflections on this subject, 56. Her replies, 57. Supplies granted her 
by parliament and convocation, 58. Her
manifesto on taking possession of Havre de Grace, 59. Is neglected in the'treaty 
between Conde and the French court, and
resolves to retain Havre, 60. Havre taken, and the plague brought into England 
by the garrison, 61. Makes a resignation of
her claim to Calais, 61. Maintains an amicable correspondence with Mary, but 
declines an interview, 62. Her address in
preventing Mary from contracting a foreign alliance by marriage, 63. Proposes 
tile earl of Leicester to her, 63. Her duplicity
in this proposal, 64. Exposes her weakness and rivalship in her conversation 
with MIelvil, the Scots ambassador, 64. Favors
the marriage of IMary with Lord Darnley, 66. Her duplicity again manifested in 
this instance, 66. Encourages the Scots
malecontents to rise against Mary, 66. Disavows any connection with them on the 
failure of the enterprise, 70. Her behavior
on receiving news of the birth of Prince James of Scotland, 77. Declares to the 
commons her intention to marry, and gives
her reasons against naming a successor, 78. Prohibits their debates on this 
subject, 78. Revokes her prohibition, 78. Her
speech at dissolving the parliament, 79. Remonstrates with Mary against her 
marriage with Bothwell, 88. Sends
Throgmorton ambassador to Scotland, oni the captivity of Mary, 92. The tenor of 
liis coummission, 92. Sends Mary offers
of assistance on her escape from Lochleven Castle, 97. Mary, after being 
defeated by Murray, takes refuge in England, aid
desires her protection, 98. Cecil's advice to her on this occasion, 98. Requires 
Mary to clear herself from the murder of her
husband, 100. Requires Murray to justify his conduct towards Mary, 101. Appoints 
comlnissioners for hearing the cause at
York, 103. Queries proposed to',er by Murray, 106. Transfers the conferences to 
H-lampton Court, and appoints
additional commissioners, 107. Her answer to Murray's queries, 10)7. Lays the 
result of the conference before her privy
council, 11). Her reply to the Scots commissioners, 110. Dismisses Mlurray with 
a present for his expenses, 111. Detains
the duke of (:hatelrault till M5urray's departure, 111. Still refuses to 
acknowledge the young king, Ill. Resolves to detain
-Mary in England, 112. RIenews her demannd for the restitution of Calais, 113. 
The chancellor It'Ilospital's pleas to elude the
denlanci, 113. Enters into a fruitless negotiation for marriage with the 
archduke Charles, 114. Instances of her reluctance in
the work of church reformation, 118. Favors the doctrine of the real presence, 
118>, s. Endeavors tQodepress the
Puxitans, 119. Her great regard 

Page 437 
and attachment to Cecil, 122. Gives the dt:e of Norfolk hints of her knowledge 
of his negotiations in order to a marriage with
Mary, queen of Scots', 123. Noriolk committed to the Tower, 124. Mary removed to 
Coventry, aild more strictly. guarded,
123;. The earls of Northumberland and WesVetloreland raise an insurrection in 
the north, 12,5. Releases Norfolk on
proinise of relinquishing thoughts of Mary, 127. Amlluses Mary with 
hnegotitation:, 127. Her proposals to Miur ray in her
behalf, 128 Sends Sussex with forces to Scotland, to check the progress of 
Mary's party, 12). Desires the Scots, on
Murray's death, not to elect ano(thler regent, 129. Her ambiguous conduct to 
balance the factionls in Scotlanld, 13). Sends
terms of a treaty to Mary, who agrees to them, 130. Hler measulres to frustrate 
this treaty, 131. Cominissioniers selnit by the
Scots partlitmlent to treat with her, 131. Is disgusted wvith their repiublican 
principles, 132 Dismisses them without
concluding any thing, 132. Is excommunicated by Pope Pius V., 132. Sumnonss a 
parlianment after five years' interval, 133.
Prohibits them from mineddling with afftirs of state, 133. Sumnmons Stricladl, a 
commoner. before the coulncil, for
introducing a bill for amending the liturgy, 135. Prohibits him from attendding 
the house, 135. Yelverton's speech in the
house on that Occasion, 135. Restores Stricland to his seat, 136. Employs the 

house of lords to check the comlmons in
debating of religious reformation, 136. Bell, a c;inmnoier, severely reprimanded 
by the council, for a motion against an
excelusive pltent grillted to a tiadinig company at Bristol, 133. Orders the 
lord keeper Becon to -reprove the coInulons, at
the close of the session, for their fireedom, 139. Remarks ont her notion of the 
proper objects of parliamentyry concern,
139. tier frtugality, and schemies to avoid asking supplies iof parliarlent, 
142: Assists the c.lleien of Navarre with nioney, and
allows men to be raised for the as-sistanlce of the French Protestants, 144. 
Receives iproposals of marriage with the duke of
Anijou, 145. Protects the Flemish refugees, 149 Seizes some money intended for 
the' duke of Alva, 149. Discovers
Norfolk's conspiracy, who is tried and executed, 153. IRelnonstrates with MNlary 
concerning her conluct, 154. Reduces
Mary's party in Scotlind, 1;36. Concludes a defensive alliance with France, 157. 
Her recel)tiontt of Fenelon, the French
ambassador, ordered to excuse the massacre of Paris to her, 153. Her prudent 
reflection and conduct on this )ccasion, 159.
Assists the German levies for the service of the HugoinOts, 164. Is obliged to 
deny giving further countenance to the Flemish
exiles, 164. Receives an embassy from the revolted Hollanders to itmplore 
assistance, 167. Sends Sir Henry Cobhaam to
intercede withl Philip in their behalf, 168. Concludes a treaty with the 
Hollanders, andr agrees to assist them against the
Spaniards, 169. Her representations to Philip on the occa.sion, 169. A view of 
her situation'at this time, 170. li{enders the
confinement of Mary stricter, 171. Her lenity in religious matters, 171. Her 
watchful jealousy of the Puritans, 171. Her
frugality, and punctuallity in paying loans, 172. Is petitioned by parliament 
for church refoinmation, 175. Interposes with the
Scots admilniitratio n in favor of the earl of Morton; 179. Ireland invaded by 
the Spaniards, 179. BIer displeasure at the
cruelty exercised in reducing themi, 180. Conntenauces the depredations of 
Francis Drake, and knights him, 180. Obtains
supplies fromr parliament, 181. Reprimands the cominuons for appoimtin- a fast, 
181. Her great attachment to Simier, the
duke of Anjou's agent, 184. Is informed by him of Leicester's marriage, 184. 
lRecei,- s a private visit from the duke of
Anjou,185. Orders a contract of marrliage to be prepared between her and Anjou, 
185. Receives a splendid embassy from
France on the occasion, 185' Sends WXtasigntam. ambassidor to Paris, 186. The 
strange fluctuations of her conduct on this
affair, 186. The duke of Anjou comes over to England, 187. Gives him a ring from 
her own finger, 187. Is dissuaded from
this marriage, particularly by Sir Philip Sidney, 188. Rejects, the duke of 
Anjou, 189. 37* 

Page 438 
INDEX. Sends an embassy to Scotlandon James being taken from the-power of Lenox 
and Arran, 191 Receives a pathetic
letter from Mary, 192. Het reflections on this letter, 194. Opens a negotiation 
in Scotland for MI lary's liberty, 195.
Reproaches Jamies with inconstancy, 196. Sends WValsinchaim to Scotland to 
discover the character of James, 196.
Procures a change in the Scots ministry, 197. Artifices practised by her 
ministry to detect conspiracies, 197. An association
formed to protect her at.gainst all violence, 198. Calls a parliament, 199. 
Receives supplies froin it, 2)0. Establishes the
court of ecclesiastical commission 20)1. Her speech to parliament, on the 
applications made for further reforination, 2i;3.
Enlarg es the powers of the ecclesiastical court, 203. Conspiracies formed 
against her life, 203. Conciuules another league
wNith the states, and takes possession of the towns assigned her for security, 
2'8. Sends Sir Francis Drake against the
Spanish West Indies, 21).' Her motives in sending Dr. Wotton ambassador to 
Scotland, 2i3. Concludes a leatgue wvith
James for their mutual defence, 214. Appoints a commission foi the trial of 
Mary, queen of Scots, 223. Cills a parliament on
Mary's condemnation, 229. Appears unwillinlg to carry Mary's seniteince into 
execution, 231. Mary's last letter to her, 231.
The duplicity of her conduct in regard to Mary, 237. Her behavior on the 
exectution of Mary, 245. IIer letter to James, 245.
Recalls Leicester fr'omn Iolland, 252. Prepares for defence against the Spanish 
Invincible Armada, 255. Hler -iigilance and
prudence, 25;7. Her lernity towards her Catholic sullects at this time, 258. 
Visits the camp at Tilbury, 259. Receives
slllpplies fi'om parlianment, on- the destruction of the arnmada, 261. 
P'rohibits the comnmions from meddling with
ecclesiastical afftirs, 264. Checks their intended regulations of purveyance, 
265. Retains great jealousy of lames of Scotland,
269. Endeavors to prevent James from lmarrying, 269. Assists Henry of Na-varre 
agailsst the kinii of France, 272. Sends
him mnen and money on his accession to the crown of France, 273. Sends him 
further assistance by treaty, 274, 276. Calls
a parliament, 277. Her haughty reply to the usual requests of the speaker of the 
connmmons, 278. Sends several members
to prison, for reviving, the quiestion about the succession, 278. Her 
injunctions to the speaker, on Morris's motion against
ecclesiastical abuses of power, 279. Her'speech to parliament, 281. iHer advice 
and conduct to James of Scotland, on the
discovery of a conspiracy against him, 284. Her physician receives a bribe fronm 
the Spanish ministers to poison her, and is
executed for it, 285. Concludes a new treaty with the United Provinces, 287. 
Fits out an. armament, which takes and
plunders Cadiz, 289. Makes Essex earl miarshal of England, 294. Calls a 
parliament, 294. Her pleas for a supply, 294.
Obtains a grant, 295. Gives Essex a box on the ear, 298. Concludes a new treaty 
with the states, 30O. Sends Essex lord
lieutenant to Ireland, 3?)8. Orders Essex to displace the earl of Southampton, 
310. Is displeased with his conduct, 312. Her
behavior to him on his unexpected journey.to court, 313. Her sorrow on his 
illness 314. Sends Lord Mountjoy to Ireland in
the room of Essex, 315. Causes Essex to be examined before the pri-vy council, 
316. Refutses to renew his patent for the
monopoly of sweet wines, 319. Is informed th;at Essex ridiculed her person and 
age, 321. Is informed of Essex's rebellious
schemes, 324. Her irresolution with regard to theoexecution of Essex, 328. 
Consents to his death, 328. Meditates a new
system of policy for Europe, in conjunction with Henry IV. of France, 331. Is 
induced to pay her soldiers in Ireland with
base money, 332. H-er enormous grants of monopolies, 335. Is induced to restrain 
them, 337. The abject
acknowledgments of the house of commons, on her promise tc cancel the most 
oppressive of the patents, 337. Falls into a
profound melancholy, 340. Inquiry into the cause, 340. The countess of Not 
tingham confesses her treachery to Essex, 341.
Her unconquerable grief on this occasion, 341. Dies, 342. Her character, 342. 
Review of 

Page 439 
INDEX. 439 her administration, 344. Her abitrary exertion of her prerogatives, 
345. Star chamber, 345. Coutit of high
commission, 346. Martial law, 346. Orders vagabonds to be punished by martial 
law, 347. Her indignation against
Hayward, an author, averted by the pleasantry of Bacon, 349. Her method of 
oppressing turbulent subjects, 350. Her
arbitrary exaction of loans, 350. Victualled her navy by means of her 
prerogative! of purveyance, 352. Her arbitrary use of
embargoes, 353. Disallowed the legislative power of parliament, 353. Ier 
tyrannical proclamations, 35;3. Oppressive and
cruel acts of power by her and her ministry, 354. Bad state of mrorals, and 
remiss execution of justice during her reign, 358
HIer revenues, 360. Her curious letter to the bishop of Ely, threatening to 
deprive him of his see for not- fulfilling an
engagement concerning the exchange of some land, 360, n. The true reason of her 
parsimony, 361. Debts owing to her by
foreign princes, 361. Her extraordinary charges, and presents to Essex, 362. 
Amount of the supplies she received froti
parliament, 363. Her credit established in the city of London, 364. Her 
commercial regulations, 365. Her improvement of
the navy, 367. Her ostentation in dress, 373. Her extraordinary learning, 375. 
Reports to her prejudice, which were
communicated to her by MIry, queen of Scots, 538. Her speech in the camp at 
Tilbury, 545. Remarks on her partiality to
the earl of Leicester, 545. The gallant style in which her courtiers used to 
address her and speak of her, 551. H-Iarrison's
account of' her navy, 556. Elizabeth, Princess, daughter of James I., is married 
to Frederic, elector palatine, iv. 426. ---&#8212;,
Princess, daughter ofCharles I., his charge to her before his execution, v. 376. 
Dies of grief, 383. Elliot, Sir John, reads a
remonstrance framed by him, in the house of commnons, against tonnage and 
poundage, v. 59. His sentence by the court of
king's bench, 59. Dies, 60. Elston, Friar, interrupts Dr. Corren, preaching 
before Henry VIII., and justifies Friar Peyto's
abuse of the king, iii. 208. Is censured by the council for it, 208. Ely, 
Longchamp, bishop of, appointed joint guardian of the
realm, with the bishop of Durham, by Richard I., during his absence on the 
crusade, i. 369. His character and preferments,
369. Arrests his coadjutor, the bishop of Durham, and extorts a resignation of 
the earldom of Northumberland fron. him,
376. His ostentatious assumption of the sole administration of government, 376. 
Forced to fly beyond sea by Prince John,
377. Intrigues with Philip of France, 377. Embargoes, the arbitrary sinister use 
of, by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 353. Emma, sister
of Richard, duke of Normandy, married to Ethelred, king of England, i. 105. 
Ethelred dies, 113. Marries Canute, his
successor, 116. Plies to Flanders, 120. Confined to the mcnastery of Winchester 
by Edward the Confessor, 124. Empson,
a lawyer, and the instrument of the oppressions exercised by Henry VII., his 
character, iii. 62. His mode of practice, 62.
Extract fromnthis private memorandums, 68, in. Summoned before the privy council 
of-Henry VIII., 80. His shrewd
apology for his conduct, 8). Committed to the Tower, 81. Tried, 81. Executed to 
please the people, 81. England. See
Britain, and the several kingdoms which composed the Saxon HIeptarchy. See also 
its princes under their respective names
When united into one kingdom, i. 46, 51. Divided into shires, etc., 71. Pays 
tribute to the Danes, 103. Conquered by the
Normans, 150. Review of the Saxon gove-rnment in, 152. Brief state of, at the 
accession of Henry II., 288. Review of, at
his death, 360. The operation of the interdict it was laid under on account of 
King John's opposition to Pope Innocent III;,
412. The executive- and judicial powers, where lodged under the Anglo-Norman 
government, 457. A general view of 

Page 440 
its situation in the time of Henry ITI., ii. 40. The bad internat police at that 
time, 66. Intentions even then formed for shaking
off the papal yoke, 67. The first beginnings of popular government in, 100. She 
source of the long antipathy between the
natives of, and those of France, 198. A great plague in, 237. The popular 
sentiments of papal power over, in the reign of
Edward II,, 272. State of its exports and imports in the year 1354, 274. An 
inquiry into the nature of the homage paid to the
kings of, by those of Scotland, 515. Why generally successful in its contests 
with France, 355. Reflections on the ancient
historians of, 507. Extension of the regal authority by Henry VII.,'iii. 69. An 
in quiry how far the disposition of the people
cooperated with the designs' of Henry VIII. in renouncing all subjection to the 
church of Romo 201. The lesser monasteries
suppressed, 220. The authority of the bishop of Rome totally renounced by 
parliament, 231. Articles of faith framed by the
convocation, 232. The reformation promoted by the accession of Edward VI., 325. 
Battle of Pinkey, 336. Grievances of
the people at the infancy of the reformation, 355. Insurrections, 356. Articles 
of marriage between Queen Mary and Philip
of Spain, 400. Reflections of the people on this match, 401. Cruel persecution 
of reformers, 419. Is engaged by Philip in his
war with France, 435. C;lais taken by the duke of Guise, 438. Death of Queen 
Mary, 445. State of the navy during her
reign, 446. Laws respecting trade, 447. An embassy sent by the czar of Muscovy, 
447. The mean, nasty manner of living
among the English at this time, 448. Great alteration afterwards in this 
respect, 464. Accession of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 2.
The Protestant religion restored, 8. Peace of Chateau Cambresis, 13. The plague 
brought over from Havre de Grace by the
earl of Warwick, 61. Useful manufactures introduced by the Flemish refugees, 
149. A treaty concluded by Elizabeth with
the revolted Hollanders, 169. A voyage round the world performed by Sir Francis 
Drake, 180. Seminaries founded abroad
for the education of English Catholics, 182. Establishment of the: court of 
ecclesiastical: commission, 201. Preparations for
resisting the Spanish Invincible Armada, 255. The armada destroyed, 263. 
Enormous grants of monopolies by Elizabeth,
335. Death of Queen Elizabeth, 342. Review of the state of, during her reign, 
344. Compared with the Turkish govermnent,
350. Bad staite of morals, and remiss execution of justice during'her reign, 
358. First establishment of the East India
Company, 365. An exclusive patent granted by John Baqilides, czar of Muscovy, of 
the whole trade with that country, to
the English, 365. This privilege taken away by the czar Theodore, 365. 
Commencement of the trade'with Turkey, 866. State
of:the navy in this reign, 367. Number of the people, 368. The first law for the 
relief of the poor, when passed, 370. The
current specie in, at the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, 371. Review of manners 
at this time, 371. State of literature, 375.
Accessiorn of James VI. of Scotland to the crown, 378. Great alteration 
observable in, at this time, by the progress of
letters, and improvement in arts, 393. Almost all the foreign trade of, 
monopolized by exclusive companies, 394. Peace
concluded with Spain, 398. The hostile laws respecting Scotland abolished, 408 
Crown and people, how affected by the
discovery of the West Indies, 413. Death of James I., 493. Miscellaneous remarks 
on this period of history, 496. Colonies
established in9 America, 518. Characters of its early writers, on the revival of 
learning, 522. Peace concluded with France
and Spain, v. 62. The present happy state of its foreign affairs, 62. The long 
parliament summoned, 128. Reflections on
the'commencement of the civil wvar, 220. State of parties when the king erected 
his standard at Nottingham, 227. Battle of
Edge Hill, 236. Bristol taken by Prince Rupert, 248. Battle of Newbury, 255. 
Battle of Marston Moor, 275. Second battle
of Newbtiry, 280. Meeting of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, 291. Baitle 
of Naseby,310. Bristol taken, anAd
Prince Rupert dismissed, 313, 

Page 441 
fNDBsx,;Zi441 The Presbyterian. disciplP.e established by parliament, 319. Trial 
of the king, 372. Eixecution of Tharles I.,
377. Confused state of the nation after this event,:3863. Battle of Worcester, 
417. Confused state of reliloi 4)22. Its olreign
exertions at this tiine, 422. See Coninionwealth of Enrlland Enigageiureat 
between Blake and Tromp, the DLtch admliral,
426. \arr coinuienced with tae stt es, 42). ce i Blke, Aysc3te, Pen, etc.'he 
advantages now gained at sea owing to the ship
iuoney levied by Charles, 431. TIhe long paLrliament terminated by Cromwell, 
434. State'of parties at tifst time, 439. A
new i)arliallenlt suuinnonue' by Cromwell, 44.). Crorunwell cilo.seu 
protector,.44. See Protectorate. Peace with the Dutch,
447. Is divided into twelve milita,'y jurisdictions, under so many 
major-genrerals, 453. Tuniis bombarded by Blake, 4(61.
Jamnarica taken by tFen anld: enables, 462.'The foreign and do1Uestio 
adlllnllsttratio ofl Crolnwell, 464. Death of Oliver
Croilmnell, 486. Accession of ticthard Crowinell, 491. he resigns, 493.'Lhe long 
parli'ament restored, 4J5.'I'he parliament
expelled by the ariiny, anid a coInnirttee of safety aplpoillted, 408. Stte of 
rtore'in affairs,.49). The long parliamenirt again
restored, 5J6. The long parliamenrit dissolved, 511. Cliarles 1t. proclainled, 
51l. A review of inlterllal circurristainces at this
periodl, 5l. Dunkirk sold to tile French, vi. 28. Mlotives which produced the 
Dutch war, 36. L New York taken, 38.
Alteration in the rmethod of taxiiig the clergy, 39. War declared aoatinst the 
states, 40. (Great plague of London, 4-1. Fire
of Lonidou, 5). Peace of Breda, 55. Triple alrlarece, 65. Treaty of 
Aix-la-Chapelle, 66. Charles contracts a private lealgue
with Lewis XIV., 86. W:\ar with Holland, 98. Peace with ulolland, 123. The 
princess Mary married to the prince of Orange,
15). The Popish plot, i71. A qto iuarolsrto issued agatins' the city of Lon1ini, 
256. Conditions on which the charter was
restored, 263. Most of the corporations surrender their charters, 260. Death of 
Charles II., anid accession of his brother,
Janres [I., 281. The duke of Monmouth defeated at Sedgemnoor, 295. The court of 
high commnission revived by Janmes,
314. Declaration of indulgence published, 315. A solemrn enibassy to Rome, 319. 
Case of Magdalen, College, 322. The
Enolish make applications to the prince of Orange,: 335.'he prince of Orange's 
preparations, 337. His declaration published,
342. Lands at Torbay, 344. The king deserts his kingdom, and embarks for France, 
352. The conventionn parliament
called, 354. State of parties at this critical time, 356.'t'he crown settled on 
tihe prince and princess of Orange, 362.
Rlefiections on this revolution, 363. Remarks on the administration of the 
Stuart fahnlly, while they enjoyed the government,
363. State of finances since thie restoration, 366. State of the navy, betwveen 
the restoration and revolution, 369. State of
coinnierce, 369. Great increase of wealth, 370. State of manners, 371. IRoyal 
Society instituted, 373. Account of learned
rren at this period, 373. Entails, a statute passed by Edward I. to allow, ii. 
139. A law of Henry VI1. to emlipower the
owners of estates,to break them, iii. 72. Importaut effects of this statute, 72. 
Episcopacy is abolished in Scotland, v. 105. Is
abjured in England, 291. Is restored in England, vi. 10. Is tacitly restored in 
Scotland, 14. Erasnius, h:s account of the mean,
nasty manner of living among the English, iii. 448. Ercombert, son of Eadbald, 
king of Kent, his piety celebrated by Bede, i.
30. Ermenfroy, bishop of Sion, sent by Pope Alexander as his legate to William 
the Conqueror, i. 197. Summons a council
at-Winchester, 197. Degrades Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, 198. Erne, two 
engagements on the banks of, between
Edward Baliol and the earl of Marre, ii. 188. Eurudition of a Christian Man, a 
treatise so called, published by Henry VIII.,
iii. 276. Subscription.to this work enjoined by parliament, 287. 

Page 442 
4412 INDEX. Escheats, the great advantages made of them by the Anglo-Norman 
kings i. 462. [Escus, the son of Hengist,
king of Kent, his character, i. 22. Essex, history of the Saxon kingdoim of, i. 
40., Cromwell, earl of. See Crornwell. &#8212;, the
young earl of, attends his father-in-law, the earl of Leicester in his 
expedition to the United Provinces, iv. 299. Joins Sir
Franci Drake secretly, in his expedition against Portugal, 267. Commands a body 
of forces sent to the assistance of Henry
IV. of France, 275. Comn mands the forces sent against Cadiz, 290. Takes Cadiz 
by assault, and plunders it, 291. His
eagerness to prosecute further advantages, 291 Is appointed to command a second 
armament against Spain, 292. Is by a
storm forced to alter his destination to the intercepting the Indian fleet, 292. 
Misses all but three ships, 294. Is made earl
marshal of England, 294. Instances of his lofty spirit and rash conduct, 298. 
His resentment on receiving a blow from
Elizabeth, 299. Solicits the government of Ireland, 308. Is sent to Ireland 
under the title of lord lieutenant, 308. His
formidable army and extensive powers, 309. Disobeys the queen in promoting the 
earl of Southampton, 310. Is misled in his
first movements by the Irish council, 310. His unsuccessful expedition into 
Munster, 311. His treaty with Tyrone, 312. His
sudden journey to London, and conference with the queen, 313. Is conmmitted to 
custody, and falls ill, 313. Is examined
before the privy council, 316. His defence, 317. The sentence pronounced against 
him by the lord keeper, 317. His patent
for the monopoly of sweet wines refused to be renewed by the queen, 319. His 
intrigues against the queen, 320. Indulges his
ill humor in satirical reflections against her, 320. Concerts a plan for 
obliging the queen to declare James of Scotland her
successor, 322. Maintains a correspondence with James, 322. Enters into a 
conspiracy at Drury House, 323. Is summoned
to the council, 324. Sallies out with his friends into the city, 325. Meeting 
with no countenance, he returns and surrenders,
326. Is tried and condemned, 32f,. Makes a full confession to the council, 327. 
Is executed, 328. HIis character, 329. The
countess of Nottingham's treachery towards him discovered, 341. Amount of the 
queen's gifts to him, 362. His letter on
receiving the blow from Elizabeth, 550. -, Devereux, the young earl of, marries 
the lady Frances Howard, iv. 428. Her
obstinate aversion to him, 429. The secret motive of. his disgust, 429. Is 
divorced from -his lady, 431. Ejlncourages the
opposition of the commons to Charles I., v. 202. Is made general of the 
parliament's army, 223. The separate bodies of
forces all assemble under him at Northampton, 233. A body of his forces defeated 
by Prince Rupert, 235. IMarches.from
Worcester to meet the king, 236. Battle of Edgehill, 236. Arrives at London, 
238. Is joined by the city trained bands, 238.
Takes-Reading, 240. Is joined by Sir WVilliam Waller, 242. His arimy surprised 
by Prince Rupert, and Hambden killed,
2-16. Retires towards London, 248. Exhorts the parliament to peace, 253. Marches 
to the relief of Gloucester, 255.
Obliges the king to raise the siege, 255 Battle of Newbury, 255. Returns to 
London, 256. Is applied to by the royal party,
but declines all personal treaty with them, 271. His forces inl Cornwall reduced 
by the king, 279. Collects his army again,
and, in conjunction with Manchester and Cromwell, defeats the king at Newbury, 
280. Resigns his command in
consequence of the self-denyirg ordinance, 288. Dies, 329. -----&#8212;, earl of, is 
made treasurer on the removal of the earl of
Danby, vi. 200. Resigns, 216. Enters into the duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, 
261. Is apprehended, 265. His extraordinary
death, 273. Estates, the emntailmnent of, allowed, ii 139. Are admitted to be 
broke, iii 72. Inmportant comnsequences of
this latter law, 72. itching, the art of, by whom invented, vi. 37. 

Page 443 
INDEX. 443 Ethelbert, associated with his father, Hermenric, in the kingdom of 
Kent, i 22. IHis wars, by which he acquired
a superiority in the Heptarchy, 23. Espouses a Christian princess, daughter of 
Caribert, king of Paris, 24. Htis speech to
Augustine, the monk, on his arrival, 27. Is converted to Christianity, 27. 
Publishes a body of written laws, 29. Dies, 29.
Ethelblurga, wife of Edwin, king of Northumberland, converts her husband to 
Christianity, i. 34. Ethelfieda, sister of King
Edward the Elder, some account of,'with her c4aracter, i. 79. Ethelred, brother 
to Wolfhere, king of Mercia, his history, i.
37. --&#8212;, brother and successor of King Edwardl the Martyr, harassed by the 
Danes, i. 102, 110. Revenges the treachery
of Alfric, duke of Mer cia, by putting out his son's eyes, 102. Becomes 
tributary to the Danes, 103. Marries Emma, sister of
Richard II., duke of Normandy, 105. Causes a massacre of the Danes,. 109. His 
fleet destroyed by the Danes, 111.
Consequent distress and confusion, 111. Retreats to Normandy, 112. Returns, 112. 
His death, and an account of his
children, Ethelwald, cousin-german to King Edivaid the Elder, rebels against 
him, i. 77. Joins the East Anglian Danes, 77.
Killed in battle, 78. Rthelwolf, son of Egbert, king of England, harassed by the 
Danish invasions, i. 53. Gains a victory over
them at Okeley, 54. Undertakes a pilrimage to Rome, 55. Marries the daughter of 
the emperor Charles the Bald, 55. Shares
his kingdom with his son, 55. Grants to the clergy zheir claim of tithes, 56. 
Leaves his kingdom between his two elder sons,
57. )Phered, son of Ethelwolf, succeeds his brothers Ethelbald and Ethelbert in 
the kingdom of England, i. 57. s-.yers, Lord,
conducts an inroad into Scotland, and boasts of his progress, iii. 295. Is 
killed at the battle of Ancram, 296. rwesham, battle
of, between Prince Edward and Simon de Mountfort, earl of Leicester, ii. 57. 
Fvidence, the state of, under the old
Anglo-Saxon law, i. 172. fgvil, Edward the Confessor the first who-touched for 
it, i. 138. Europe, influence of the free
constitutions of the Germans in new-model ling the governments of, i. 152. State 
of, at the commencement of the crusades,
228. State of, at the accession of Henry II., 286. The balance of power in, well 
secured at the commencement of the reign
of Henry VIII., iii. 83. The great revolution made in, at the commencement of 
the seventeenth century, by the diffusion of
letters and progress of arts, iv. 393. The liberties of the people in, how 
abridged,.454. Account of'he revival of letters in,
522. A review of the state of, at the time of the English protectorate, under 
Oliver Cromwell, v. 454. Austace, count of
Bologne, fray between his artinue and the townsmen of Dover, i. 126. Endeavors, 
in conjunction with the Kentish men, to
seize the castle of Dover fir-u. the Normans, 186. &#8212;, son of Snfg btephen, is 
refused to be anointed, as his father's
successor, by the archbishop of Canterbury, i. 284.'xchange, Royal, by whom 
first built, iv. 369. Exchequer, court of, or
Curia Regis, the primitive institution of, i. 457 Causes in, often heard by the 
king personally, 458. The first of the four courts
of record, among which its ancient jurisdiction is now divided, 458. Appeals to, 
in what cases anciently allowed, 459.
Extraordinary instances produced from the records, of bribery, and the sale of 
justice, 464. Black-book of, its origin, ii. 97,
s. Divided into four distinct courts, 138. Shut up by Charles II., vi. 95. 
Excise, the first introduction of, in England, by the
long parliament, v. 269. exclusion bill, against James, duke of York, passed by 
the house of commons, vi. 203. Is resumed
by the new parliament, 225. Tite arguments 

Page 444 
444 xzwn1 urgel1 for anid against it, 225. Is passed by the commons, and 
rejected:by the lords, 2'28. Excommniunicatin, by
the ecclesiastical courts in Scotland, the natureof. eXplailned, iv. 444. 
Executions of criminals, the extraordinary number of in
the reign of Henry VIII., and grieat dl'ecrease of since, iv.;'65. Exeter, 
besieged by Perkin Warbec, iii. 56. He raises the
siege, 56..'-; &#8212;- Courtney, marquis of, enters into a conspiracy with Cardinal 
Pole, ii. 248. Is executed for it, 248. Fag, a
imember of the house of commons, is protected by'the house against an appeal in 
a lawvsuit to the hoise of' lords, vi. 135.
Faiirfax,a character of.his translation of Tasso, iv. 624. i - -, Lord, 
commniands' for the parliament in t the of England, v.
241. Is defeated at Atherton Moor,:27. Raises forces and secures York, 606. HIis 
death and character, vi. 94, n. His
daughter married to tile ddke of Buckingham, 94. -.-, Sir Thoimas, defeats the 
royalists at Wakefield, v. 267. Distin*guishes
himself in the battle of Horncastle, 2.58. Reduces the Irish forces under Lord 
Biron, 272. Defeats Colonel Bellasis at Selby,
273. Is joined by the Scots under the earl.of Lev'en, 273. Is joined by the earl 
of Manlchester, and lays siege to'York,
2576. Defeats Prince Rupert at Marston Moor, 276. -Takes possession'of York, 
277. Is appointed' general in the'room of
Essex, 288.'His'sch'eme'to reiain'Cromwell in'command, notwithstanding the 
self-denying ot'dinance, 288. His.character,
289.'Defeats"the'king'at'Naseby,'311.'Retakes Leicester, 312. Reduces 
Bridgewater, Bath, and Sherborne, 313.
Takes:Bristol,'313..Reduces the west' of England,'314.''His moderation'on 
the'finishing the war, 325. The army grows
discontented, a'nd petitions him'332. parliament of agitators'formed, by his' 
ar'my, 334. The king is seized and brought to the
army Without'his' knowledge,'335.'Cromwell is chosen general, 336. Is'appointed 
by the parliament' general-in-chief of all
the forces, 344. Takes Colchester, 365. The army under his nominal.command, but 
under. Cromwell's influence, marches to
London to.purge the parliament,''367. His'lady interrupts the trial of the king, 
372.'How detained from rescuing the king from
execution,'37.8, Resigns, 411. Fairy Queen of Spenser, a character of that poem, 
iv. 376. Falconberg, Lord,
successful'stratagem of, at the' battle' of Touton, ii. 446. Falkirk, battle of, 
between Edward'I. and the Scots, ii. 126.
Falkland, Lord, secretary'to Charles I., assists the'king in drawing up 
his'memorials'against the commons, v.' 221. Is killed at
the battle'of'Newbury, 256.'A'hort' summary of his life and character, 256. Is 
the first who affords any regular'definition of
the English constitution, 543. Famines in England, i. 110, 176,' 279, 462. 
ii.'154, 172. Farm-houses, remarks on'the statute
of: Henry VII. for upholding, iii. 74. Fastolffe,'Sir John, defeats the c'ount 
of D'unois,:who attacked' his convoy at the siege
Of Orleans, ii. 387,'R'etreats from the French at Patay, and is'degradedfifrom' 
the order of. the gaite, 394. Fauconberg,
Lord, marries' a daughter of Oliver Cromwell, v. 478. Is sent to Lewis XIV. at 
Dunkirk, where he is' honorably received,
481. Fawkes de Breaute seizes' and. imprisons a: judge' for n finig' 
verdicts'against his unjust practices,'in the' relgn of'Henry'
III., ii. 9.'His punishment, 9. _ &#8212;&#8212; ~-, Guy, an officer in the'Spanish service, 
is brought over to execute the gunpowder'
plot, iv. 401. Is apprehended,'404. Discovers the conspiracy, 404. Fayal is 
taken by Sir Walter Raleigh, iv. 293. Fee farm
rents of the crown, Charles II. empowered by parliament to sell them, vi. 80. 
Felonies. See Criminals, and Vagrants.'el'ton,
John;' is executed'for fixing the pope's'bull of excommunication 

Page 445 
INDEX. 445 against Queen Elizabeth on the.gate of the bishopof London's palace, 
iv. 133. Felton, an account of his
motives for attempting the:l;e of Villiers, duke of Buckingham, v. 47. Stabs the 
duke at Portsmouth, 48.:Is seized and
examined, 49. Fenelon, the French ambassador, declares his detestation of the 
massacre at Paris, iv. 158. His reception by
Queen Elizabeth, when oldered to apologize for it to her, 1,58. Ferdinand, king 
of Arragon, loses his wife Isabella, queen of
Castile, iii. 64. His daughter Joan married to Philip, archduke of Austria, 64. 
Obtains possession of Castile by the death of
Philip, 67.'Agrees with Lewvis:XII. of France. on a seizure and partition of the 
kingdom of Naples, 82. Seizes it for himself,
83. A:cquires the epithet of Catholic, 85 Glories in outwittinlg his neighbors, 
86. -Deludes:Henry VII1. into an expedition to
Guiemle, to facilitate his conquest of Navarre, 86. Disavows the alliance signed 
by his ambassador with Henry and
Maximilian against France, 92. Engages in a treaty with Lewis, 103. Dies, and is 
succeeded by his grandson Charles,
115.,-J &#8212;---, brother to the emperor Charles V., is elected' king of the Romans, 
iii. 431. ~ &#8212;- - - -;II., emperor of
Germany, engages in an alliance to subdue the Bohemians, iv. 454. Puts the 
elector palatine under the ban of the empire,
462. Feudal system, its introduction into England, i. 195. Extended to the 
church, 196. State of, in England, at the accession
of King Stephlen, 270. Review of the disorders occasioned by,'360. Its operation 
in Eng-'Irid, 423. Its origin, 441. The
nature of it explained, 443. The preference of possessions held under it, to 
allodial ones,' n ithe e:lar, aes, shown, 444. Its
union with civil jurisdiction, 445. The c:ivil so,ices implied under it, 446. 
State of the common people under it, 44t3.
Com-'parative view of its operation on'hereditary anid'elective monarchies, 449. 
The declension of, at the time of'Richard
II., ii. 324.'The advantage of, in the early ages, 509. The decay of,'to be 
dated from the revival of the arts, 511. Instance of
the barons being sensible of this, 511, n. Feversham, earl of, is sent by 
Charles'II. with the terms of pacification to Paris, vi.
152. Defeats the duke of Monmouth at'Sedgemoor,'295.''His cruelty after the 
battle, 297. Fictions in'law, when first
invented, and their use, ii. 138. Fiefs, how they came to descend hereditarily 
in families, i. 443. Fifteenths and tenths, the
nature, amount, and method of levying these taxes, iv. 5.09. Are changed into a 
land tax, 510. Finances. See Revenue.
Finch, Sir John, speaker of the house''of commons, is forcibly held in the 
chair, until a remonstrance is passed against
tonnage and poundage, v. 59. Is impeached by the long parliament, and flies to 
Holland, 132. Fines, amerciaments, and
oblatas, the great and scandalous advantages made of, by the Anglo-Norman kings, 
i. 464. Arbitrarily exacted'by Henry
VII., iii. 44, 62., and recoveries, for breaking the entailments of estates, 
when first introduced, iii. 72. First-fruits, when first
levied on ecclesiastical benefices, ii. 140. Fisher, bishop of Rochester, 
reflects on the commons, anu offends the duke of
Norfolk, iii. 179.'Refuses to take the oath regulating the succession of the 
crown, 197. Is attainted by parliament, 198. Is
imposed on by the stories of the holy maid of Kent, 209. Is imprisoned on this 
account, 210. His cruel treatment, 211. Is
created a cardinal by the pope, 211. Is condemned and beheaded for denying the 
king's supremacy, 211. Extract from a
speech of his, on the proposal for suppressing the lessel monasteries, 460. 
UItton, chancellor of Ireland, his character and
conduct, vi. 318 voL. VI. 38 

Page 446 
&46 INDEX. Fitz-Alan, archbishop of Canterbury, excommunicates all who should 
op. pose the proceedings of the duke
of Gloucester, and his party, against Richard II.'s ministry, ii. 296. Is 
removed from his office of chancellor by the king, 296.
Impeached by the commons, banished, and his temporalities sequestered, 302. 
Fitz-Arnllf, a citizen, hanged for a rebellious
commotion in London, i. 10. Fitz-Gerald. See Fitz-Stephens. Fitz-Harris, his 
case, vi. 237. Is impeached by the commons,
239. Is tried by common law, and executed, 241. Fitz-Osbert, a popular lawyer in 
the reign of Richard I., his oppressive
practices, i. 392. Is executed, 393. Fitz-Richard, mayor of London, joins the 
barons and Leicester, against Henry III., and
encourages tumults in the city, ii. 43. Violently prolongs his authority, aind 
aids Leicester by exciting seditions, 46. His
bloody schemes disconcerted by the battle of Evesham, 58. Is punished by fine 
and imprisonment, 59. Fitz-Stephens, and
Fitz-Gerald, engaged by Dermot, king of Leinster, to undertake an expedition to 
Ireland in his favor, i. 331. Their successes,
331. See Strongbow. Fitz-Walter, Robert, chosen general of the barons' army, on 
King John's refusal to confirm their
liberties, i. 428. Five-mile act passed, vi. 45. Flambard, Ralph, bishop of 
Durham, dispossessed and imprisoned by Henry
I., i. 245. Flammoc, Thomas, a lawyer, heads an insurrection in Cornwall, 
against Henry VII., iii. 51. Encourages them with
hopes of assistance in Kent, 5'2. Defeated and executed, 53. Flanders, a-summary 
view of the state of that territory at the
time of Edward III. forming his pretensions to the crown of France, ii. 196. 
Licentious popularity of James d'Arteville, the
brewer, 196, 197. The Flemings assist Edward in his.sea-fight with the French, 
202.'Their forces under Robert d'Artois,
routed at St. Omers, 203. Siege of Tournay by Edward, 204. All commerce with 
prohibited by Henry VII., iii. 42.
Commissioners sent to London-to treat of an accommodation, 55. The. intercursus 
magnus, or great treaty of commerce,
conclhided, 55. All English rebels excluded from, by this treaty, 55. A 
neutrality stipulated with, by Henry VIII., 180. See
Netherlands, and United Provinces. Fleetwood, his speech in the house of commons 
on the regal prerogative in granting
patents, iv. 137., Colonel, marries Ireton's widow, and obtains the government 
of Ireland, v. 471. Opposes his
father-in-law's accepting the title of king, 476. Estranges himself from the 
protector, 483. Cabals against Richard, 492. Is
appointed lieutenant-general by the long parliament, now restored, 495. His 
commission vacated, 498. Instances of his
fanaticism, 50(5. Flesh-meat, the statute prices of, in the reign of King Henry 
VIII., iii. 317. Florence revolts from the
authority of the family of Medicis, iii. 169. Is again subdued to their 
sovereignty, 180. 14ouden, battle of, between the earl of
Surrey and James IV. of Scotland, $ iii. 101. Folkland, in the Saxon tenures, 
explained, i. 177. Fontarabia, fruitless
expedition to, by Henry VIII., iii. 86. Is taken by the emperor Charles V., 145. 
Fontrailles,-a French officer, his gallant
expedition for the relief of Terrouane, besieged by Henry VIII., iii. 97. *rd, 
Lady, taken prisoner by James IV. of Scotland,
whose affect'ons she gains, iii. 100. Foreigners, their superiority to the 
English in arts, in the time of Henry VIII., iii. 314. An
insurrection against them in London, 314. Edict of the star chamber against, 
315. 

Page 447 
INDEX. 447 Forests, severe laws renewed against offenders in, by Richard I.,.i. 
392. The oppressive nature of these laws,
469. A charter of, granted by Henry Ill., ii. 4. Confirmed by Edward I., 116. 
The peranibulations of, made, and the
boundaries of, fixed, 117. Formsa pauperis, suits in, first granted to the poor, 
iii. 70. Forrest, Friar, burnt for heresy in
Scotlfand, iii. 269. Fortescue, Sir Faithful, deserts from the earl of Essex to 
the king, at the battle of Edge-hill, v. 236..
Fotheringay Castle, Mary, queen of Scots, tried there, iv. 225. Is executed 
there, 244. Fourmigni, battle of, the only action
fought in defence of Normandy by the English, ii. 415. Fox, Richard, his 
character, iii. 10. Becomes confidant to Henry VII.,
11. Called to the privy council, and made bishop of Exeter, 11. His tcanslation 
to Winchester. and made privy seal, 11.
Adnionishes Henry VIII. against his pleasures and extravagances, 79. Introduces 
Wolsey to him, 93.. Supplanted in Henry's
confidence by him, 93. His advice to Henry, on his retiring, 109. -, bishop of 
Hereford, is sent by Henry VIII. to treat with
the German Protestants, iii. 213. Is zealous for a thorough reformation, but 
dies, 249. -, George, his enthusiastic disposition,
v. 520. Founds a new sect, who are denominated Quakers, 521. France is invaded 
by the Normans, i. 52, 106. Rollo the
Dane obtains thr k-province of Neustria, and marries the daughter of Charles 
the-Simple. 107. Character of the Normans,-
140, 244. See Normandy,'and William State of, at the accession of Henry II. of 
England, 287. The barons of England offer
the crown to the dauphin Lewis, 436. Lewis goes ovei to England with an army, 
437. Returns, ii. 7. The province of Nor.
mandy ceded to Lewis IX., by Henry III. of England. 38. Mutual depredations 
committed by the ships of, and those of
England, occasioned by a private quarrel, 91. The province of Guienne, how 
recovered by, 93. Guienne restored, 120.
New disputes with England concerning, 161. Cruel treatment of the knights 
ternplars there, 170. An in. quiry into the
foundation of the salic law, 192. Edward III. of Englr,d assumes the title of 
king of, 198. Edward's victory over the fleet of,
2P0' Normandy invaded and overrun by Edward, 220. Philip defeated at Crecy, by 
Edward, 227. State of France at the
death of Philip, 237.'s invaded by Edward and his son, the black prince, in two 
parts,239. Johln taken prisoner at Poictiers,
by Prince Edward, 244. Confused state )f, on the king's captivity, 247. The 
populace renounce all government, and commit
cruel outrages against the nobles, 248. Is invaded by Ed. ward with a great 
army, 250. Peace of Bretigni, 253. John
released, 253. He returns to London, and dies, 254. State of the kingdom at this 
period, 255. Is infested with bands of
robbers, the remains of Ed ward's army, 256. The regency of Charles VI. send 
assistance to the Scots, to invade England,
287. The French return home disgusted, 287. Prepare to invade England, but 
hindered' by a storm, 288. Motives to this
invasion, 288. State of, at the commencement of Henry V.'s war with that 
kingdom, 359. Comparison between the situation
of Charles VI. and Richard II. of England, 350. Distracted by the contentimts 
of,the Burgundians and Armagnacs, 352. The
share the university of Paris, the fraternities of butchers and carpenters, bore 
in these broils, 352. Continuation of the
distractions in, 359. General confusion reJiewed by the assassination of the 
duke of Burgundy, 363. Treaty of Troye, 364.
Reflections on this treaty, 365. Duke of Bedford appointed regent, 369. Charles 
VI. dies, and Charles VII. crowned, 370.
State of ~France at the accession of Henry VI. of England, 375. Amazing 
transactions of Joan d'Arc, 388. Charles VII.
crowned again at Rheims, 396. R.efections on the management of the war, 406. A 
truce concluded with, 409. State of
Franoe at this juncture, 414. Renewal of the war, 

Page 448 
448 EX 414. -Normandy recovered, 415. Guieninealso, 415. Accession of Lewis XI., 
450. Sends forces to the assistance
of Henry VI., 450. State of, at the time'of Henry VII. of Ensland, iii. 21, 35. 
The government intrusted to the princess Anne
of Beatijeu, during the minority of Charlles VII., 22. Tl'ie aduministration 
displl ed by Lewis, luke of (Orleans, 22. Brittany
annexed to, by the marriage of C harle; with the dtuchess of, 33. War with, by 
Henry -VII., 36. Peace concluded, 36.
Inswaded by 1Henry VIII., 97. Peace concluded with Eigland, 104. Lewis X1I. 
marries Henrv's sister, 10)5. -Dies, 105.
Accession of Francis, l05. See Francis 1. Interview between Francis I., and 
Henry V II. of Englald, d122. 1 War declared
against, by England, 136. The powners of Itals join the alliance of the emperora 
gainst, 143. Battle of Pavia, and captivity of
Francis, 149. Treaty of MIadrid, and restoration of Francis; 155. War declared 
against the emperor, 161. The emperor
challenges Francis to single colnbat, 161. Peace of Cambray, 180. James V. of 
Scotland married to Mary of Guise, 259.
Accession of Henry II., 330. Mlary, the young queen of Scotlanid, sent there, 
and betrothed to the dauphin, 343. England
engages in the Spanish war with, 435. Montmorency defeated by the Spalni.rds at 
St. Quintin, 437. The general
consternation at this event, 437. Ihe duke of Guise recalled t'frm Italy, 437. 
Calais taken fronm the English, 439. The
dauphin Francis married to Mary, the young queen of Scotland, 442. Peace of 
Chateau Cambresis, iv. 12. The Guises en
ioss all the authority of government, 30. Rigorous persecution of the reformers, 
31. iSummary view of the civil wars in that
kinIgdom, 52. *Battle of Dreux, 65. A massacre of the Hugonots concerted,- 
71.'See -Medicis. Catharine de; Lorraine,
cardinal of, etc. Battle of St. Den s, and siege of Chartres. 143.'The court 
agrees to an accommodation with the Protestants,
143. Battle of tMontcointour, 144. MIassacre of the Hugonots at: Paris, 157. 
Death of Charles IX., 161. Accession of
Henry III., 162.:Battle of Coutras, 272. Assassination of the duke of Guise and 
his brother, 272.''he king assassinated, 273.
Accession of YHenry IV., 273. Henry renounces:the Protestant' faith, 283. Henry 
IV assassinated by:Ravaillac, 423.
Character of the early writers in, 522. Reduction of Rochelle, v. 50. Conduct 
of, towards England during its troubles, 465.
Improvement of, under Lewis XIV. and Cardinal M:lazarine, 456. The ships of, 
seized by the English, 457. An alliance
concluded with Oliver Cromwell, 48'0. T'reaty of the Pyrenees with Spain, 499. 
Joins the Dutch in the war with England, vi.
46. Treaty of Breda, 55.'War with Spain, 61. -War with -Hollanld, 98. How it 
became formidable by sea,. 140. Peace of
Nimeguen, 160). Ambitious schemes and haughty behavior of Lewis XIV., 278. 
Revocation of the edict of:Nalntz, and its
consequences, 305. A league formed against, by the _prince of Orange, 331. 
rancis I., duke of Angouleme, succeeds to the
crown of France, on the death of Lewis XII., iii. )05. His character, 105. 
Defeats the Swi;s at AlIarignan, 113. Sends
Bonnivet, his ambassador, to England, 159. His flatteries. to Wolsey, 117. Is 
unsuccessful in his pretensions to the, im perial
crown, 120. His character contrasted with that of the emperor Charles V., his 
competitor, 123. Is visited by Henry in a plain
near Ardres, 122. The ceremony of their meeting regulated by Cardinl IWolsey, 
122.'His frank disregard of the formality
observed between him and Henry, 123. Which is returned by Henry, 124. Grand 
tournament held by them, 124. Is attacked
by the emperor, 125. An ineffectual cpngress with the emperor, under the 
mediation of WVolsey, at Calais. 12,5. The pope,
emperor, and Henry, conclude an alliance against him, 126. War declared against, 
by Henry, 136. Repulses the earl of
Sirrey's invasion, 137. Is worsted in Italy, 137. The powers of Italy unite with 
the enmperor against him, 143. The duke of
Bourbon revolts against him, and enters the emperor's service, 143. The duke of 
Suffolk invades Pieardy, 144. Sends the
admiral Bonnivet to invade Milan, 146. Bounnivet 

Page 449 
defeated, 146. Passes the Alps in person to invade the Milanese, 148. Besieges 
Pavia, 148. Is defeated and taken prisoner
by the imperialists, 149. His letter to his mother, 150. His proposals to 
Charles for his liberty, 15. Is carried to Madrid, and
falls sick, 155. Is visited by Charles, 165. Recovers his liberty by the treaty 
of Madrid, 156. Evades the execution of the
treaty, 157. Meets Wolsey, and concludes fresh treaties with Henly, 160. 
Declares war against the emperor, 161. Is
challenged by Charles to single combat, 161. Peace concluded with Charles at 
Cambray, 180. His interview with Henry at
Boulogne, 190. Leagues with the pope, 193. Endeavors an accommodation between 
the.pope and Henry, 193. Renews his
friendship with Henry, 213. Marries his daughter Magdalen to James V. of 
Scotland, 216. Apologizes to Henry for this
match, who refuses to see his ambassador, 217. Concludes a truce with Charles 
for ten, years, 240. Refuses Henry's
proposals towards marriage with Mary of Guise, 258. Sends her to Scotland, 259. 
Other proposals of marriage fiuitless,
259. Allows the emperor an honorable passage through France to the Netherlands, 
260, sOverruns Luxembourg, and takes
Landrecy, 288. Forces Charles to abandon the siege of Landrecy, 288. Is invaded 
by Charles and Henry, 293. Concludes
a separate peace with Charles, 294. Equips an arnmament for a descent on 
England, 296. Makes peace with Henry at
Campe, 299. Francis, dauphin of France, is married to the young queen of 
Scotland, iii. 442. Assumes the title and arms of
Englanid, in right of his queen, iv. 15. Becomes king by the death of his 
father, 15. See the next article......- II. of France
excites the enmity of Elizabeth by assuming the title of king of England, iv. 
15. Is wholly governed by the Guises, 30. Dies,
and is succeeded by his brother Charles IX., 32., Fathor, is recommended by 
James II. to Cambridge for a degree, but is
refused, vi. 321. Franciscans and Dominicans, reflections on the- institution of 
those two religious orders, ii. 68.
Frankalmoigne, the nature of this tenure of lands explained, ii. 96. Franks, 
females excluded from the succession to
the-sovereign authority, by the ancient usages of that people, ii. 192. Frederic 
I., emperor of Germany, engages in a
crusade, i. 354, 369. Dies, 369. ---- II., emoeror, the pope's sentence of 
excommunication published against him, by Henry
III. of England, his brother-in-law, ii. 17.:-: -, king of Naples, his kingdom 
conquered jointly by France and Spain, and
seized by the latter, iii. 82. --&#8212;, elector palatine, is married to the princess 
Elizabeth, daughter of James I. of England, iv.
426. Is offered the crown of Bohemia, by the states of that kingdom, 455. Is 
defeated at Prague, and takes refuge in
Holland, 456. Is put under the ban of the empire, 462. His electoral dignity 
transferred to the duke of Bavaria, 471. Is
persuaded to submission by James, 471. Is totally dispossessed of his 
patrimonial dominions, 492. His nephew restored in
part by the treaty of Westphalia,. 455. trench language, its prevalence in 
England after the Norman invasion, 1. 200. The use
of that language in law proceedings abolished, ii. 276. Fretreval, Philip of 
France routed there, and his records taken by
Richard [., i. 388. Fridwit, in the German law, what, i. 167. Flobisber, Sir 
Martin, undertakes a cruise against the Spaniards,
iv. 277. Perished before Brest, 286. Three trials made by him for the 
discovery,of a north-west passage, 365. Froissard, the
historian, his character and representation of the duke of'Gloucester's schemes 
against Richard II., ii. 300. Nu:aberless
mnistakes ft invalidate his testimoly, 520. - * t, 

Page 450 
450 INDEX. Fulk, count of Anjou, protects William, son of Robert, duke of 
Normandy i. 259. Contracts his daughter to
William, eldest son of King IIenry I of England, 259. Marries her afterwards to 
Williamr, son of Duke Robert, 263. Marries
his son Geoffrey to the daughter of Henry I., 263. &#8212;, curate of Neuilly, his 
bold counsel to Richard I., i. 369. Richard's
reply to him, 369. Gainsborough, battle of, between Oliver Cromwell and 
Cavendish, v. 257. Galilwo, a comparison
betNeen, and Lord Bacon, iv. 525. Gama, Vasquez de, his first passage to the 
East Indies round the Cape of Good Hope,
-iii. 75. Gardening, and garden stuff, wwhen first introduced into England, iii. 
314. Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, joins the
duke of'Norfolk in opposing the reformation, iii. 204. Acts covertly against the 
religious innovations, 249. Forlents a cruel
persecution of heretics, 267. Proposes certain Latin terms to be retained in the 
English version of the Scriptures, 276. Is sent
ambassador to the emperor, 299. Dissuades Henry froiom further alterations in 
religion, 299. Endeavors to procure an
impeachment of Queen Catharine Par for heresy, 303. Opposes the steps towards 
reformation, taken by the protector and
regency during the minority of Edward VI., 326. Writes an apology for holy 
water, 327. His remonstrances against religious
innovations, 328. Is committed to the Fleet, and harshly used, 328. His 
objections to the homilies, 329.. Is committed to the
Tower for denying the supremacy of the regency during a minority, 352. Refuses 
to subscribe articles propounded to him,
367. Is deprived and closely confined, 368. Is released by Queen Mary, 391. His 
generous assistance to Peter Martyr,
394. Is made chancellor, and promotes the Spanish match, 398. His moderate 
counsel on the occasion, 398. His speech at
the opening of a new parliament, 407. Debates with Cardinal Pole about the 
expediency of punishing heretics, 415.
Procures Rogers, prebendary of St. Paul's, to be burnt for heresy, 419. Engages 
Bonner and others to persecute the
reformers, 421. Dies, 427. Garnet, a Jesuit, engages in the famous gunpowder 
plot, iv. 402. Is executed, 405. Is regarded in
Spain as a martyr, 405. Garter, institution of that order of knighthood, ii. 
236. Traditional account of the occasion of it, 236.
Gascoigne, Judge, imprisons Prince Henry, afterwards Henry V., for insult-.ing 
him in his office, ii. 346. His kind
reception_by Henry, when king, 346. Gascony, a descent made on that province by 
invitation of some factious lords,
without effect, ii. 431. Gaston de Foix, nephew to Lewis XII. of France, his 
character, iii. 89. Is killed in a victory he gained
over the Spanish and papal armies, 89. Gavaston, Piers, his character, ii. 144. 
His ascendency over Prince Edward, 144. Is
banished by Edward I., 144. Is recalled by Edward II., 144. His preferments, 
144. His vanity, 145; and contempt of the
English, 145. Is left guardian of the realm on the king's journey to France, 
145. A confederacy formed against him by
Thomas, earl of Lancaster, 146. His banishment demanded by Lancaster in 
parliament, 146. Returns, 147. Banished again
by the council of ordainers, 148. Is recalled by the king, 149. Is taken 
prisoner by Pembroke at Scarborough, 150. Is
seized by the earl of Warwick, and beheaded in Warwick Castle, 150. Gaucour, 
Lord, is governor of Orleans, when
besieged by the earl of Salisbury, ii. 385. Gavelkind, origin of, i. 177. In the 
Irish customs, how regulated, iv. 422. Is
abolished there, 423. Gauls, their ancient manners described, i. 2. See France. 
Gaunt, John of. See Lancaster. M, rs., her
cruel fate, vi. 298. Genoa is bombarded by Lewis XIV., and forced to submit to 
terms pre scribed by him, vi. 278. 

Page 451 
INDEX. 451 Geoffrey, son of Fulk, count of Anjou, married to the daughter of 
Henry I., i. 263. ------&#8212;, biother of King
Henry II., invades Anjou and Blaine, i. 291. Accepts a pension in lient, 291. 
Dies, 292. * &#8212;--- -, third son of King Hellnry
II., invested by-his father with the duchy of Brittany, i. 335. Instigated by 
his mothel, Eleanor, to revolt againlt him, 337. Is
reconciled to him, 346. ltebels again, 3;852. Is slaiiln n a toirnauenlt, 352. 
His son Arthur invested in the duchy of Blrittany,
353. See Arthur. ---&#8212;, natural son of Henry II., is the only child who retained 
his duty to him, i. 3,58. When trchbishop of
York, swears fidelity to his brother Richard I. on his departure on the crusade, 
369. Is iniprisoned by Longchaump, 377.
-----&#8212;, archdeacon of Norwich, hiss behavior in the court of exchequer on 
hearingr of the excommnLunication of King
John, i. 415. How killed uy John, 415. Geography, strange instance of the 
ignorance of the English in, at the time of Edward
III., ii. 277. Gerard, and his heretical followers, cruel treatment of, in the 
reign of HIenry II., i. 326., Baltazar, assassinates
the prince of Orange, iv. 205. ------ anid Vowel, two royalists, executed for a 
conspiracy against the protector, v. 448.
Germans, ancient, a character of, i. 12. Their government, 12, 152. Their 
manners, 13. Flock over into Brittin, 17. Nature of
their religion, 23. Are the first founders of the feudal law, and on what 
principles, 441..The nature of their establishments
explained, 442. Germany, how divided under the feudal systemn, i. 141. Henry 
IV., emperor, permits his vassals to assist
the Normaian invasion, 143. The free nature of the several states in, 1,52. The 
Anglo &#8212;Saxon criminal law traced from,
166. The commencement of the reformation in, by Martin Luther, iii. 132. 
Progress of the reformation anmong the princes
of, 132. A peace favorable to the Protestants, procured from the emperor, by 
Maurice, elector of Saxon)y, 397. See
Charles V., and Maurice. The crown of Bohemia offered to the elector palatine, 
iv. 455. See Frederic. Battle of Prague,
456. The elector palatine put under the ban of the emplire, 462. His electoral 
dignity transferred to the duke of Bavaria, 471.
Successes of Gustavus, king of Swveden, there, v. 63. The long wars in, 
terminated by the treaty of Westphalia, 454. A
league formed at Augstlourg, under, the influence of the prince of Orange, 
against Lewis JIV., vi. 332. Ghent, the treaty
called the pacification of, iv. 168. Is taken by Lewis XIV., vi. 154. Gibson, a 
Scots preacher, curses James VI. in his pulpit.
iv. 21,5. Gifford, a priest, is employed by Walsingham to forward the 
correspondence between Mary, queen of Scots, and
Babington, iv. 219. Carries the letters to W5alsingham, 220. Gilbert, Sir 
Humpllrey, his speech in the house of commons in
defence of the legal prerogative, iv. 137. Githa. mother of Harold, excites an 
insurrection at Exeter against William the
Conqueror, i. 188. Retreats to Flanders, 188. Glallorggan, earl of, his 
commission from Charles I. with regard to Ireland, v.
318. Concludes a secret treaty with the council of Kilkenny, 318. Is committed 
to prison by the lord lieutenant, 319.
Vindicat:on of the king fromn the charge of authorizing this secret treaty, 547. 
Glass, the manufacture of, when first brought
into England, vi. 370. Glendour, Owen, his insurrection in Wales, ii. 330. Takes 
the earl of AM'rche and his uncle prisoners,
331. GloLcester, when first erected into a bishopric, iii. 245. ~ &#8212;---,,Robert, 
earl of, natural son of Henry I., swears a
conditional 

Page 452 
45~2 rx fealty to King Stephen, i. 274. Consequences of this example, -275. Re. 
tires abroad, and defies the king, 276.
Returns with the empress Mlatilda, 278. Defeats Stephen, anld takes him 
prisoner, 279. Gloucester, earl of, confederates
with the'earl of Leicester against Henry I1I., ii. 31. Joins the royal party, 
38. Dies, 41.,Gilbert, earl of, son to the fornier,
joins the earl of Leicester, ii. 42. Refuses with Leicester to abide by the 
arbitration if Lewis of France, 47. Conmmands a
body of troops at the battle of Lewes, 48. Takes Henry prisoner, 49. Is ill 
treated by Leicester, 51. RetLr;s from Leicester's
parliament, 54. Assists Prince Edward in es'capinf from the custody'of 
Leicester, 56. Rebels again, 60. Henry's lenity
to-ards him, 60. Attends Prince Edward on a crusade, 60. Marries the iirighter 
of Edward I., 89. Is fined for violences
committed on Bohlun,,iavl of Htereford, 89. His son killed at the battle of 
Bannockburn, 153. -, duke of, uncle to Richard
II., his character, ii. 27::. Supplanted in his influence over the king by 
Robert de X ere, earl of Oxfoid, 288. Prevails on the
house oTr comiiions to impeach Michael drf la Pole, earl of Sufolk, 289. 
Deprives Richard of his regal power, bj the
appointment of a council of fourteen to continue for a year, 291. Raises forces 
against the king, 293. Defeats Robert de
Vere, duke ot Ireland, 293. His arbitrary proceedings against the Illinistry, 
294. Rejects the queen's humble solicitation ini
favor of Sir Simon Burley, 296. I, riemoved frorn the council board, 296. His 
cabals against the kin', 299 Sent oier to Calais
by the king, 301. Appealed against in the house of peers, 3)2. Proceedings 
against his party, 302. Murdered, 303i His
revenue, 373., Huniphrey, duke of, brother to Henry V., left b hlinm reenl. of 
~igland, during the minority of Henry VI., ii.
369. Itonstituted by parliament guardian of the kingdom only during the dul e of 
Bedford's absence, 374. Enters into a
precipitate nlarriage with t xe coultess of Rlainault, 381. Fatal consequences 
of that measure, 381. Recrnciled to the bishop
of Winchester by the duke of Bedford, 3& 2. Fresh disputes with him, which 
throws the English affairs into:confusion, 404.
-is duchess tried for witchcraft, 410. MMurdered, 411. His character, 412. _-, 
Richard, duke of, brother to Edward IV.,
reported to have stabbed Prince Edward, son of Henry VI., ii. 471. Comln-ands in 
an invaSioll of Scotland, and takes
Berwick, which is yielded by treaty, 482. Left regent of the kingdom by his 
brother Edward IV., during the ininority of his
son. 485. His character and views, 48.5. Arrests the earl of Rlivers, the young 
king's guardian, 487: Made protector of the
realm, 488. Orders the death of the earl of Rivers, 488. Marks out Lord 
Hlastings for destruction, 490. His extraordinary
behavior in council, 490. Concerts the immediate murder of Lord'Hastings, 490. 
Declares his brother's marriage invalid, 492
Declares his brother illegitimate, 492. Procures Dr. Shaw to establlish these 
points in a sermon at St. Patil's, 492. 111
success of this scheme, 493. Accepts the crown offered Dy the duke of Buckingham 
as a popular tender, 494. ()rders the
inurder of Edward V. and the duke of York in the Tower, 494. See Richarl IIl. - 
-, duke of, youngest son of Charles I.,  his
father's discourse to him before his execution, -. 376. Is senlt abroad -by 
Croniwell, 383. A present voted to him by
parliament on his brother's restoration, 517. lis death and character, vi. 7. 
Godfrey of Bouillon, created king of Jerusalem, i.
241...- -.-, Sir Edniondbury, murdered, vi. 179' The general confusion on this 
event, 179. His extraordinary funeral, 180).
His death not to be acc( unted for, 181. Green, Berry, and Iiill, tried and 
executed for this murder, 193. Godwin, Earl, his
bravery under-Canute, in Denmark, i. 117. Rewarded by obtainig his daughter in 
marriage, 117. Murders Alfred, son of
King 

Page 453 
Pm~x.'0453 Ethelred, 120. His method of appeasing Hardicanute for this act, 122. 
Miarries his daughter to King Edward
the Confessor, 123. His exorbi, tant power, 12'5. -Raises an army against 
Edward, 127. Flies to Flano ders, 128. Makes
descents on the English coast, 128. Received to favor, Gondomar, the Spanish 
ambassador, remonstrates against Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition to Guiana, iv. 449. Offers the second daughter of Spain to 
Prince Charles, 453. Goodwin, Sir Francis,
his seat il parliament vacated on account of out. lawry; by the chalicellor, iv. 
391. Is restored to his seat by the house, 391.
Disputes on this occasion. 391. How compromised, 392. Gordon, Lady Catharine, a 
Scots lady, married to Perkin
Warbec, iii. 49.'Taken prisoner by Henry VII., and generously treated, 57. 
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, returns from Dieppe,
with his ship, contrary to orders, v. 8. Goring enters into an association, with 
other officers, to petition king and parliament
against popular innovations, v. 162. Betrays the secret to the coinmons, 163. Is 
mnade governor of Portsmouth by the
commons, 21.5. De(lares for the king, and is reduced by the parliament's forces, 
232. IIis letter to the king intercepted by
Fairfax, 312. (iossipping, amnong women, a proclamation against, iii. 314. 
Goverumnent, the feudal frame of, introduced by
the Norman conquest, i. 195. The first beginnings of the popular frame of, in 
England, ii. 101. Amidst all its fluctuations, the
will of the monarch never absolute and uncontrollable, 513. That of England, in 
the time of Queen Elizabeth, compared with
that of Turkey, iv. 350. Remarks on, with reference to the case of King Charles 
I., v. 380., ecclesiastical, a review of, during
the reign of James I., iv. 400. Gourdon, a Norman archer, wounds Richard I. with 
an arrow, which occasions his death, i.
390. His noble reply to Richard, 390. His cruel fate, 390. -&#8212;, Adam de, his 
troops vanquished, and himself taken prisoner
by Prince Edwaid, son of Henry III., ii. 58. Is taken into favor by-that prince, 
58. Gournay and Mautravers, the keepers of
the deposed King Edward II., cruelly murder him. ii. 168. Their fates, 168. 
Gower, barony of, commlotions excited among
the barons,by the seizure of, from John de Mowbray, ii. 157. Gowry, earl of, 
enters into an association for seizing the young
King James from-the power of Lenox and Arran, iv. 190. Is tried and. executed, 
197. Graham, Captain, is repulsed in an
attack on a conventicle at Loudon Hill, vi. 210). Granville, Cardinal, his 
arbitrary conduct in the Low Countries occasions a
revolt of the Flemish Protestants, iv. 148. -, Sir John, sends Dr. Monk to 
negotiate for the king, with his brother, the general,
v. 501. Comes over to Monk himself, and piev aill with him to declare his 
intentions, 512. Presents the king's letter to the
house of commlnonsi, 516. Gratian and Vivian, nuncios to Pope Alexander III., 
attempt in vain to reconcile Henry II. and
Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, i. 317. Gravelines, battle there between Count 
Egmont, the Spanish general, and
O)e'lhlerne~, the French governor of Calais, iii. 444. Interview there between 
the emperor Charles V. and Henr' VXIII.,
124. Gray, Lord, is sent by Queen Elizabeth with tforces to the assistance of 
the Protestant imalecontents in Scotland, iv.
27. Besieges and takes Leith froni the French party, 27. Assists the earl of 
Ormliond in redlucing the Spanish general, San
Josepho, in Ireland, 179. His cruelty in this affaii, 179. - the lady Elizabeth, 
her history, ii, 453,. Captivates Edwarxd IV., 45

Page 454 
454 INDEX. Married to him, 454. Honors conferred on her family, 454. Her father 
and one of her brothers murdered by
the Yorkshire insurgents, 458. Orders the earl of Rivers to levy an army to 
escort the young King Edward V. to London,
486. Persuaded to the contrary by the duke of Gloucester, 486f. Retires with her 
children into the sanctuary of Westminster,
on the duke of Gloucester's arresting the earl of Rivers, 487. Forced to deliver 
up the duke of York, 488. Her marriage
declaredc invalid by Gloucester, 492. Consents to a marriage between the 
princess Elizabeth and Henry, earl of Richniond,
501. Consents, after, to lr marriage with Richard li., 503. The princess married 
to Henry VII., iii. 11. Supposed to be privy
to the insurrection of Lambert Simnel, 14. Seized and confined, 15. I)ies in 
confinement, 16. Graj', Lady Jane, Dudley, duke
of Northumberland, proposes to Edward VI. to alter the succession in her favor, 
iii. 380. Is married to Lord. Guildford'
Dudley, 381. Is appointed to the succession by a deed of spttlement, 383. Her 
amiable character, 387. Is unwilling to
accept the offer of the crown, 387. Is proclaimed, 387. Is deserted by the 
council and the people, 389. Returns to private
life, 389. Is taken into custody with all the heads of her party, 390. Sentence 
passed upon her, 391. Is executed on account
of a new conspiracy of her father's, 405. Her noble behavior-and dying 
declarations, 405. Gray, Lady Catharine, is married
to Lord Herbert, son of the earl of Pernt broke, iii. 381. Is divorced from 
him,.and privately married to the earl of Hertford,
iv. 47. -s committed to the Tower by Queen Elizabeth on this account, where she 
dies, 47. Great Iarry, the first ship
properly of the royal navy, built by Henry VII., iii. 76. Greek language, how 
imported and cultivated in Europe, iii. 76.
Greenland, when discovered, iv. 516. Greenville. Sir Richard, vice-admiral of 
the English fleet under Lord Thomas Howard,
his ship, the first English ship of war taken by the Spaniards, iv. 276. 
Circumstances of his death, 54S. Gregory the Great,
Pope, specimens of his talents in punning, i. 25. His intemperate zeal against 
paganism, 26. Sends Augustine, the monk, ifto
Britain, 26. Writes to Ethelbert, king of Kent, 27. His solution of the cases of 
conscience propounded by Augustine, 28. His
injunctions to him, 28. -- VII., Pope, his ambitious character, i. 206. His 
disputes with the emperor Henry IV., 206. His
ustirpations over other princes, 207. Prohibits the marriage of priests, 20.9. 
Projects a confederacy against the lahometans,
227. See Crusades. - VIII., Pope, engages the emperor, and kings'of England and 
France, in a new crusade, i. 3"5. IX.,
Pope, a character of his decretals, ii. 68. X- I., Pope, issues a bull for 
taking Wickliffe into custody, ii. 320. The seat of the
papacy fixed at Rome after his death, 322. Gresham, Sir Thomas, procures Queen 
Elizabeth a loan from the company of
merchant adventurers in London, iv. 364. Builds the royal exchange, 369. Grey, 
Loid Leonard, executed for treason, iii.
268. Griffin, second son to Lewellyn,-prince of Wales, rebels against his 
father, and drives him to obtain the protection of
He6nry Ill. against him, ii. 42. Is taken prisoner by his elder brother, David, 
given up to HIenry,. and committed to the
Tower, 42. Loses his life in attempting an escape, 42. xrinmstone, S ir 
Ilarbottle, is chosen speaker of the parliament which
restored.Charles II., v. 516. Grinl al, Archbishop, is prosecuted in the star 
chamber, for favoring the Purllrans, iv. 201.
Groine the ships and troops there, defeated by Sir Francis Drake, iv. 267. 
Gualo, the pope's legate,- assists at the
coronation of Henry III., and 

Page 455 
INDEM 455 receives his homage to the see of Rome, ii. 3. Excommunicates those 
barons who adhere to Lewis, 5.
Punishes the clergy who had countenanced the invasion of Lewis, 8. Pandolf 
reinstated in the office of legate in his stead, 9.
Guelf and Ghibbelin, the rise of these factions in Italy, i. 297. Guiana, Sir 
Walter Raleigh's first expedition to, iv. 288. Is
taken possession of by Sir Walter Raleigh, for the English crown, 449. Is 
afterwards taken possession of by the Spaniards,
449. Raleigh's second expedition to, 449.. St. Thomas plundered by Raleigh, 459. 
See Raleigh. Guido, legate from Rome, is
ordered to excommunicate the the earl of Leicester, and the barons, in rebellion 
against Henry III., ii. 52. Dares not come
himself, but sends the bull, which is torn and flung into the sea, 53. Becomes 
pope, 53. Guienne, province of, is, with
Poictou, mortgaged to William Rufuis, i. 236. Edward I. deprived of that 
province by the artifice of Philir of France, ii. 93.
Ineffectual attempts of the English to recover 94. Again unsuccessfully 
attacked, 109. Restored to Edward I. by- treaty with
Philip, 120. Honmage done for it by Edward II., 145., William, duke of, his 
preparations to engage in the crusade, i. 236.
Marries his daughter to the empress Matilda's son Henry, 284. Guinegate, battle 
of, iii. 98. Guise, duke of, repulses the
emperor Charles V. in his attack upon Metz, iii. 397. Is recalled from Italy, on 
the defeat of St. Quintin, 437. Takes Calais
from the English, 439. Instigates the claim of his niece Mary of Scotland to the 
crown of England, iv. 15. He and his family
engross all the authority of the French govermnent, 39. His influence lessened 
by the death of Francis II., 32. Strengthens
himself against the Protestants by an alliance with Philip II. of Spain, 53. 
Commands under Montmorency at the battle of
Dreux, 55. Besieges Orleans, 59. Is assassinated by Poltrot, 59. --, duke of, 
son of the former, defends Poictiers, besieged
by the admiral Coligny, iv. 143. His character, 144. Becomes discontented with 
the conduct of Henry III., 163. Forms the
famous Catholic league against the Hugonots, 163. Sends the count d'Aubigney,of 
the house of Lenox, to detach James of
Scotland from the English interest, 178. Revives the league, 206.: Defeats the 
German auxiliaries of the Hugonots, 272.'Is,
with his brother, assassinated by the king's order, 272. &#8212;, Mary of, widow of 
the duke de Longueville, marries James V. of
Scotland, iii. 259. Death of her husband, 281. IS brought to bed of the princess 
Mary, 281. Attaches herself to Cardinal
Beaton, to oppose the pretensions of the earl of Arran, 282. Goes to France to 
solicit assistance against the earl of Arran,
439. Her conversation with. Edward VI. in her return through England, about his 
marriage with her daughter, 440. Obtains
from Arran a resignation of his office as regent of Scotland, 440. Is attended 
by D'Oisel, a Frenchman, to assist her in the
administration, 441. Gains the good will of the Scots by her prudent conduct, 
441. Endeavors to engage the Scots to take
part in the quarrel with France against England, 441. Her daughter, the young 
Queen Mary, married to the dauphin of
France, 442. Protects the English reformers, who fled from the persecutions of 
Queen Mary, iv. 16. Is petitioned by the
association of reformers, called the Congregation of the Lord, 19. Her motives 
for temporizing between the religious par
ties, )19. Is induced to a more rigorous conduct, by orders from France, 19). 
Assembles an army to suppress the
Prortestant riots, 20). Enters into an accommodation with the Congregation, 22. 
Is received into Perth, 22. Improbable
violence of expression charged upon her, 22. Is forced to retire, and fortify 
herself in Dunbar, 23. Remonstrates with the
Congregation, 24. Grants them a toleration, 24. Receives reen. forcements from 
France, 24. Is deprived of the regency by
the Congre. gation, 25. Her death and character, 27. 

Page 456 
*t56 INDEL Gunilda, a Danish princess, her death and prophecy, i. 109. 
Gunpowder, when invented, iii. 76. - plot, a
history of, iv. 400. The conspiracy discovered, 40a The conspirators punished, 
405. Gurth, brother to King Harold, his
advice to him on the Norman inva. sion, i. 147. Killed at the battle of 
Hastings, 150. Gustavus, king of Sweden, his
character, and exploits in Germany, v. 63. Is killed at the battle of Lutzen, 
64. Guthrum, the Danish chief, and his army,
baptized, i. 64. Habeas corpus act passed, vi. 204. The personal securities 
afforded by this statute, 204. Haddington, taken
by the duke of Somerset, and fortified, iii. 342. Is besieged by the Scots and 
French, 342. Is dismantled, 359. Hainlault,
Jane, countess of, procures a truce between Edward III. of England and Philip de 
Valois of France, ii. 205. th, Jaqueline,
countess of, her character, and that of her husband, the duke of Brabant, ii. 
381. Leaves her husband, and puts herself under
the protection of the duke of Glpucester, 381. Enters into a precipitate 
marriage with him, 382. Fatal consequences of this
measure, 382. Her contract with Gloucester annulled by the pope, 383. Hales, Sir 
James, refuses to sign the patent for the
succession of Lady Jane Gray, iii. 383. Is imprisoned for opposing Queen Mary's 
schemes, and kills himself, 392. -, Sir
Edward, is prosecuted on the test act with a view to establishinug the 
dispensing power in the king, vi. 306. Halidown Hill,
battle of, between Edward III. and Sir Archibald Douglas. ii. 190. IIalifax, 
marquis of, his character, vi. 2.55. His motive for
endeavoring I reconciliation between the duke of Mlonmouth and the king, 275. 
Hit reception by King James on his
accession, 287.1 ne privy seal taker from hiiri, 311. Is choseni speaker of the 
house of peers, on the king's flight, 350.
Hambdeis, John, attempts to go over to America, but is prevented, v. 85. Is 
tried by all the judges in England for refusing to
pay ship money, 89. The consequences of this trial, 91. His sentence cancelled, 
139.. Is appointed one of the committee to
attend the king to Scotland, 172. Is impeached by the king, 206. Is killed in a 
skirmish with the royalists, 247. His character,
247., John, grandson of the former, enters into the duke of Monmouth's 
conspiracy, vi. 263. Is tried anl fined for
misdemeanor only, 272. Joins in the invitation to the prince of Orange, 336. 
Hamilton, Patrick, controverts the Popish
doctrines in a conference at St. Andrews, iii. 268. Is burnt, 269. primate of 
Scotlad, tries and condemns Walter Mill, the
reformer, to the flames for heresy, iv. 18., Extraordinary zeal of the people of 
St. Andrews against this act of cruelty, 18.
-----, marquis of, -is sent by Charles II. to treat with the Scots Covenanters, 
v. 101. His fruitless attempts at a compromise,
102. Is sent with a fleet and army against the Covenanters, 108. Is created a 
duke, 300. TIis conduct with regard to
Montrose, 300. His sincerity in the king's cause, how rendered problematical, 
301. Is imprisoned by the kilg, 3q2. Recovers
his libel ty, and raises a Scots army in the king's favor 356. Enters England, 
364. Is defeated and taken priscner by
Cromwell, 364. Is tried as earl of Cambridge, and executed, 383., Duke, becomes 
head of a party formed against the duke
of Lauderdale, and applies to the king, vi. 164. Again represents the 
oppressions exercised by Lauderdale, to the king, 169.
Hammond, governor of the Isle of Wight, receives Charles I. into Caris. broke 
Castle, v. 349. Is ordered to confine the king
closely, 354. Hampton Court Palace, built by Cardinal Wolsey, and presented by 
him 

Page 457 
INDEX.;457 to Henry VIII., iii. 154. The conferences concerning Mary, queen of 
Scots, adjourned thither from York, iv.
107. A conference of divines summoned there by James I., to debate on points of 
faith and religious discipline, 385. The
subjects disputed, 386. The issue of this conference, 387. Hanse towns, the 
privileges of the inhabitants of, annulled, iii. 371.
Disputes between the merchants of, and Queen Elizabeth, iv. 366. HIarcla, Sir 
Andrew, defeats Thomas, earl of Lancaster,
at Borough bridge, ii. 159. Is made earl of Carlisle, 160. Is executed for a 
treasonable correspondence with the Scots, 160.
Harcourt, Geoffrey d', his history, ii. 223. Persuades Edward III. of Eng land 
to invade Normandy, 220. Is made mareschal
of the English army, 221. Hardicanute, son of Canute, king of England, put in 
possession of Denmark, i. 119. Obtains by
treaty with his brother, Harold Harefoot, a part of England, 120. Succeeds to 
the whole, 121. Loses the affections of his
subjects, 122. Dies of intemperance, 122. hard eur, besieged and taken by Henry 
V. of England, ii. 355. Harlem, its
vigorous defence against the Spaniards, and its inhabitants massacred in 
revenge, iv. 166. Harold, son of Earl Godwin,
succeeds to his father's possessions, i. 129. His contests with Algar, governor 
of East Anglia, 130. Obtains the dukedom of
Northumberland for his'brother Tosti, 131. Shipwrecked on the coast of France, 
134. Swears to William, duke of
Normandy, to renounce his own pretensions to the English crown, and forward 
those of William, 135. Evades his oath, 135.
Checks the depredations of the Welsh, 136. Deserts his brother Tosti, recommends 
MLorcar to supersede him as duke of
Northumberland, and marries Morcar's sister, 137. Makes open pretensions to the 
crown, 137. Succeeds quietly at the
death of Edward the Confessor, 138. Justifies himself to Duke William's 
ambassadors, 139. Defeats Tosti with his Danish
armament, 145. Disadvantages of this victory, 147. Disposition of his army the 
morning of battle, 149. Battle of Hastings,
149. Killed by an arrow, 150. His body carried to Duke WVillianm, but restored, 
151. ---- --&#8212; Harefoot, son of Canute,
succeeds to the crown of England, i. 119. Shares it by treaty with his younger 
brother Hardicanute, 120. His body dug up
and thrown into the Thames by Hardicanute, 121. Harringtosn, a character of his 
Oceans, v. 531. His death, 532. Hlarrison,
Colonel, conducts Charles I. to London, in order to his trial, v. 370. Is 
appointed one of the king's judges, 371. Detains
Fairfax in prayer till the king is executed, 378. Becomes an enemy to Cromwell 
on his usurping the supreme authority, and is
deprived of his commiso sion, 465. Is tried and executed, vi. 6. Harvey, Dr., 
discovers the circulation of the blood, v. 532.
Is exposed to reproach for this signal discovery, and his practice diminished 
greatly on that account, 532~. His death, 532.
Hastings, battle of, between William, duke of Normandy, and Harold, king of 
England, i. 149. ------&#8212;, the Danish chief,
ravages Kent, i. 66. Routed by Alfred, and departs% 68. --, Lord, not joining in 
the duke of Gloucester's schemes, is
marked by him for destruction, ii. 489. Extraordinary murder of, 491. -&#8212; ~-I, 
Sir Edward, raises men for the lady Jane
Gray, and carries them to the assistance of Queen Mary, iii. 388. -, Lady Anne, 
refuse. to become empress of Musovy, iv.
365. Hatfield, a synod called there by Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, 
agoainst the Monothelites, i. 50. Hatton, Sir
Christopher, his exhortation to Mary, queen of Scots, to sulk mit to trial, iv. 
224. Is made chancellor, though no lawyer,
252. faukes, Thomas, burnt for heresy, iii. 422. VOL. VI. 39 

Page 458 
458 INDEX. Havre de Grace is delivered up to Queen Elizabeth, by treaty with the 
prince of Coudi6, iv. 53. The earl of
Warwick takes the command of it, 55. Is besieged by the French, 60. The garrison 
infected by the plague, 61. Is
surrendered by capitulation, 61. Haxey, a member of parliament in the reign of 
Richard II., anecdote of, ii. 623. Haywarde,
an author, incurs the resentment of Queen Elizabeth, Nv. 348. Is saved by the 
pleasantry of Sir Francis Bacon, 349.
Hazelrig, Sir Arthur, is prevented from transporting himself, with other 
Puritans, to America, v. 85. Is impeached by the king,
206. Is named one of the council of state after the king's execution, 388, n. Is 
created a peer by the protector, but chooses
to take his seat with the commons, 479. His character, 506. Heathe, archbishop 
of York, appointed chancellor on the death
of Bishop Gardiner, iii. 427. Notifies the death of Queen Mary to the 
parliament, iv. 1. lelie, lord of La Fleche, disturbs
William Rufus in his Norman possessions, i. 235. Is besieged by William without 
success, 236. - de St. Saen, why made
tutor to William, son of Robert, duke of Normandy, i. 259. Carries his pupil to 
the court of the count of Anjou, 259. Hengist
and Horsa, Saxons and brothers, popular account of their descent, i. 14. Land 
with a body of Saxons in Britain, 15. Horsa
killed, 16. Hengist subdues the Britons, 16. Calls over his brother Octa, and 
founds the kingdom of Kent, 17. Is succeeded
by his son Escus, 22.'See Kent. Henrietta, princess of France, comes over to 
England, and is married to Charles I., v. 1.
Her French attendants dismissed by the instigation of Buckingham, 28. Her 
character, 65. Obtains contributions from the
Catholics, to assist the king against the Scots Covenanters, 108. Is threatened 
bythe commons with an impeachment,
andprepares toflv.214. Goes over to Holland, 216. Sends military stores over to 
the king, 224. Brings over a reinforcement
to the king at Oxford, 247. Is impeached by the commons, and retires to Exeter, 
274. Flies to France, 315. Her distressed
situation there, 456. Visits her son on his restoration, vi. 8. Henry, youngest 
son of William the conquerer, his future
greatness predicted by his father, i. 216. Raises an insurrection in Normandy, 
224. Reduced by his brothers, 224. Seizes
England on the death of NWilliam Rufus, his brother, 242. I., grants a charter 
of liberties, i. 242. Lodges a copy in every
county, 243. Disregards his promises, 244. Review of the charter, 244. Weds 
Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III., king of
Scotland, 246. Invaded by his brother Robert, 247. Treaty between them, 248. 
Severe treatment of his barons, 249..
Attacks Normandy, 250. His dispute with the pope concerning investitures, 251. 
Sends three bishops to him. 253. The
pope's insolent answer to, 254. Compromise between, 257. Goes over to defend his 
Norman dominions, 259. His
admonitions to the English bishops sent by him to the council at Rheims, 260. 
Defeats Lewis, king of France, 261. Loses his
eldest son, William, 261. Marries Adelais, daughter of Godfrey, duke of Lovaine, 
263. Betroths his daughter Matilda to
Henry V., emperor of Germany, 262. Marries her afterwards to Geoffrey, son of 
Fulk, count of Anjou, 263. Review of his
government, 263. Goes to Normandy to visit his daughter Matilda, 266. Causes the 
nobility to swear fealty to her, 266. His
death and character, 266, 267. Particulars of a charter given by him, granting 
to London the privileges of a corporation,
268. -&#8212;, son of the empress Matilda, and grandson of King Henry I., born, i. 
266. Brought over to England to assist his
mother, 282. Is knighted by David, king of Scotland, 283. Invested with the 
duchy of Normandy, 284. Marries Eleanor,
dlaughter of William, duke of Guienne, 284. ils 

Page 459 
xDEX. 459 succession to the cio''a of England confirmed by Stephen, 285. His 
continental possession., XI t is accession,
288. Utenry IH., the first acts if >in government, i. 290. Goes over to quiet 
his brother Geoffrey, 291. Pinishes the incursions
of the Welsh, 291. Visits the king of France, and contracts his infant son Henry 
to Marga ret, daughter of France, 292. His
acquisitions on the continent, 292. Compounds the personal service of his Norman 
vassals for money, 393. His wars in
France, 294. Accommodates his differences with Lewis by the pope's mediation, 
295. Opposes the encroachments of the
clergy, 295. His grateful remembrance of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, 
296. Creates Thomas a Becket chancellor,
296. Instance of his familiarity with him, 298. Makes him archbishop of 
Canterbury, 298. Provoked by his arbitrary
conduct, 300. Calls an assembly of the clergy, to acknowledge a submission to 
the civil laws, 302. Determines to check the
clerical usurpations, 303. Constitutions of Clarendon, 303. Applies to the pope 
for a legatine commission, which is rendered
abortive by the pope, 306. Procures Becket to be sued for some lands, 306. Calls 
a council at Northampton, at which
Becket is condemned for contempt, 307. Sequesters the revenues of Canterbury on 
Becket's flight, 31L. Inhibits all appeals
to the pope, 312. Suspends the payment of Petei's pence, 314. Endeavors at an 
alliance with the emperor Frederic
Batbarossa, 314. An accommodation prevented by the inflexibility of Becket, 315. 
Obtains a dispensation for the marriage
of his third son, Geoff ey, with the heiress of Brittany, 315. Detaches Lewis 
from Becket by his fair conduct, 317. Is
reconciled to Becket, 317. Associates his son Henry with him in the regal 
dignity, 318. His exclamations, on hear ing the
continuance of Becket's arbitrary behavior, and the consequences, 321. His 
perplexity on the murder of Becket, 323. His
submissions to the pope on the occasion, 324. Imposes a tax for the holy war, 
326. Goes on an expedition to Ireland, 327.
Solicits a grant of that island from Rome, 329. How prevented from the immediate 
execution of it, 330. Goes over to
Ireland, and finds it already subdued by Strongbow and his associates, 332. This 
conquest improperly secured, 333.
Recalled from Ireland, by the menaces of the legates Albert and Theodin, to 
answer at the inquiry into Becket's murder,
333. His concessions to them on that occasion, 334. Receives absolution, 335. 
Review of his present flourishing situation,
335. Assigns portions to his sons, 33.5. His eldest son, Henry, revolts against 
him, 337; as do Geoffrey and Richard, at the
instigation of Queen Eleanor, 337. Confines his queer. 337. Appeals in vain to 
the pope against his sons, 337. Employs a
body of Brabanqons, 338. Deceived by King Lewis of France, before Verneuil, 340. 
Quells the disturbances in Brittany,
340. An ineffectual conference with Lewis, 341. His conduct in this critical 
situation, 342. Returns to quell the commotions in
England, and does penance at Becket's tomb, 343. Raises the siege of Rouen, 345. 
Makes peace with his sons, 346.
Exacts homage of William, king of Scotland, taken prisoner by his forces, and of 
all the Scots nobles, for his crown, 346.
Reforms the administration of justice in his dominions, 347. Demolishes the 
new-erected castles of his nobility, 348.
Provides for the defence of the kingdom, 348. Punishes the murderers of Thomas a 
Becket, 349. Mediates a peace
between Philip, king of France, and his family, 351. Ilis son Henry revolts 
again, but submits, 351. His grief for his son
Henry's death, 352. His son Geoffrey rebels again, 352. Is guardian to 
Geoffrey's posthumous son, 353. Engages in a
crusade, 354. Raises a tenth of mlovables to carry it on, 354. War between him 
and Philip of Vrance, occasioned by
another revolt of his son Richard, 355. DisadAntageous peace, 357. His grief at 
finding John a party in Richard's revolt,
357. Dies, 358.'His character, 358. Miscellaneous transactions in hA reign, 359. 
MIanners of his court, 359. His vigilance in
correcting discsders, 360. Instances of his reputation for justice, 361L Com 

Page 460 
64~ ~INDEX. mutes personal service in war, 362. Remits Danegelt, 362. His issue, 
363. Henry, eldest son of Henry II.,
contracted in his infancy to Margaret. daughter of France, i. 292. Associated 
with his father in the kingdom, 318. His
repartee to his father at his coronation, 336. Is crowned again, together with 
his queen, Margaret, 336. Expense-of their
corona. tion robes, 336,. n. Revolts against his father, 337. Leagues with 
Lewis, king of France, 339. Besieges Verneuil in
conjunction with him, 340. Is reconciled to his father, 346. Revolts again, but 
submits, 351. Dies, 352. -- III., his accession,
ii. 2. Is crowned at Gloucester, 2. Swears fealty, and does homage to the pope, 
3. The earl of Pembroke chosen protector
during his minority, 3. Grants a new charter of liberties at the instance of 
Pembroke, 3. Grants a renewal of the Great
Charter, in a parliament at Oxford, 10. Is declared by the pope of age for 
government, 11. Rochelle taken from him by
Lewis VIII. of France, 12. His contests with his brother Richard, earl of 
Cornwall, concerning the restitution of a manor in
that county, 12. His character, 13. Removes Hubert de Burgh from offices, 14. 
Makes Peter, bishop of Winchester, his
chief minister, 15. His imprudent encouragement of the Poictevins, 15. 
Combinations among the barons on this occasion, 15.
His plea for not observing the Great Charter, 16. Dismisses the bishop of 
Winchester and his foreigners, at the menace of
Edmond, the primate, 16. Marries Eleanor, daughter of the count of Provence, 16. 
His bounties to her relations, 17.
Publishes the pope's sentence of excommunication against the emperor Frederic, 
his brother-in-law. 17. His maternal
halfbrothers come over to England to visit him, 18. Bestows riches and honors 
upon them, 18. Disgusts among the people
on these grants to foreigners, 18. Denied by parliament, he procures loans from 
the Lone doners, 18. Declares war against
Lewis IX., and makes an unsuccessful expedition to Guienne, 19. His remark on 
the wealth of the Londoners, 20. Iis
contests relating to the election of the archbishop of Canterbury. 20. Complains 
to the council of Lyons of the possessions of
Italian clergy in England, 22. Is threatened with excommunication for opposing 
the pope's claims, 22. Accepts the offer
made by the pope of the kingdom of Sicily, for his second son, Edmond, 23. The 
heavy debts he was involved in on this
occasion, 23. Is refused aids to discharge them by parliament, 24. The 
commotions among the clergy on account of the
levies for the crusade against Sicily, 25. Is threatened with excommu. nication 
for non-payment of the pope's demands, 25.
His incapacity for quieting the discontents of his barons, 26. The bold 
remonstrances of his parliament to him. 27. Endeavors
to prevail on them, under the vow of a crusade, 28. His sarcastical reply to a 
deputation of prelates, 29. Obtains a supply on
a solemn corfirmation of the Great Charter, 29. His sister married to Simon de 
Montfort, earl of Leicester, 30. His disputes
with that nobleman, 30. His barons assemble in parliament, dressed in armor, 32. 
How addressed by Roger Bigod, earl of
Norfolk, 32. The sovereign authority vested in a council of twenty-four barons 
by the parliament at Oxford, to redress
grievances, 32. Is forced to banish his maternal half-brothers, 34. Makes a 
treaty with Lewis IX. of France, and cedes
Normandy to him, 38. Applies to the pope, and obtains absolution from his oath 
to observe the provisions of Oxford, 39.
His proceedings against the council in consequence of this absolution, 41. Calls 
a. parliament, which authorizes him to
resume the government, 41. Refers the differences between him and Leicester to 
the determination of Margaret of France,
41. Is applied to for protection by Le-wellyn, prince of Wales, against his 
rebellious son, Griffin, 42. Griffin delivered up te
him by his elder brother, David, who does homage to him, 42. Griffin's son 
Lewellyn succeeds, who renews the homage,
42. Lewellynf'nvades the borders, 43. Is reduced to comply again with the 
provislons of 

Page 461 
INDEX. Oxford, 44. ls influenced by the barons' taking Prince Edward prisoner 
45. ils dispultes with the ba vons referred
to the arbitration of Lewis of France, 45. Levis decdes il his favor, 46. The 
barons refuse to abide by the decision, and take
arms, 46. lie raises an army against thenm 47. iMutual histilities, 47. Is 
tleteated and taken prisoner jli the battle of Lewe., 4i.
Sti)llplatos betweeni him aud Leicester, 55. His larrow escape fti'oil deaith 
lit the baittle o;' Eveshtam, 7. Co(nsequeiices of
this battle, 53. Hils leklit) towarids the rebel barons, 59. His soii Edward 
enIga,,es in a crusade, 6). le calls hilllm home
again, 61. Dies, 61. His chatacter, 61. Hlls piety, 62. His children, 62. Laws 
enacted during his relii, 62. Statte of commerce
in his reign, 64.' he high interest of iioiney, 65. ExtortUtons practised'uiponl 
the jews by hill, 65. Bad,1 intethial police of the
coutlry in his reign, 66. Excuse made by the officers of his househld for their 
robberies, 67. ~Ienry IV. aee Hereford, and
Lancaster. Remarks on his title to the crown, ii. 326. Tumullltu Ous behtavior 
in the parliament, 327. Quells at' insurrection
of the degraded lords, 328. Attaches himself to the church, anii passes a law 
condeii inlg heretics to the flanes, 329. The first
executionl of this kind in Enigland, 329. Truce with France renewed, 33.). 
Il.sitirrectlon in \VWales, 33.). Marches against
the Scots, and seizes Edinarglih, 331. Defeatts atd kills young PLerey at 
Shrewsbury, 334. Executes tile rebellious
archbishop of York, 336. Takes Prince James of Scotlland prisoner, and educates 
hibl in En gland, 337. Foments divisions
in'rue, 337. Parliamllelta try tritlisactions oft this reign, 338. Coulce.si,)s 
l made to the house of coollnois, 339. His ditficulties
in estaoulish ig the succes:sion of' his fanily, 340. Attempts to adopt the 
salic law, but is op)poied by ttle coililmons, 34i).
Advised by tile conIIlolls to seizeon thle teiporaLtes of the church, 341. His 
death, 342. His character, 342. Itis marriages
and children, 343. Cutting out any person's tollngue, or putting out his eyes, 
miaLde felony by an act of the fifth of his reigni.
343. State of commerce during his reign, 343. Antnual expense ot his hoausehold, 
344. -- V., eldest sont and successor to
Henry IV., the cause of his youthful extravlagaces poinited out, ii. 345. His 
sudden reformation on his accessioil,;34j. Hli.
regard to the triends and mtemory of Rtichard I1., 347. As erse to the 
prosecution of Lord Cobth;nl, 348. Confers with him.
348.'obhliat plts against him, is seized anld executed, 349. His large demands 
on irelance, 35.3. Detects the conspiracy of
the earl of Cambridge, Lord cirope, and Sir Thomlas Grey, 354. The conspirators 
executted,. 35. Invades France, and
seizes Harfleur, 355. Battle of Azillcour, 356. Coimpared with those of Cressy 
and Poictiers, 357, 3.i8. Itnvades France
again, 361. Treaty with the queen and Burgundy, 362. His progress in Normandy, 
364. Treaty wvith the young duke of Bur.
gutdy, 364. Articles of, 364. Reflections on this treaty, 365. Marries tile 
princess Ca;tharine, 366. Returns to England for
supplies, 366. Carries the young Scots king to France with hinm, 367. His forces 
under the duke of Clarence defecated by
the Scots auxiliaries at Battge, 367. Takes AMeaux, anid other places, 368. His 
son, afterwards Henry V., borii, 363. Falls
sick, and prepares for death, 368. The trusts he left duriln, the minority of 
his infanlt soni, 369. Dies, 369. His character,
36d). MIlscelltieous traiisactions in his reign, 371. His scanty revenues, 3i1. 
- VL. comes to) tie crown an infant, thee
administration regulated by parliallent, ii. 374. HIis educationi comllmlitted 
by parliament to Henry l3e.lluort, bishop of
VWilchester, 374.. Crownied at I aris, 397. His character oil arriving at 
manhood, 41)9. Married to Maargaret of Anljou,
410. Nollla!ldy recovered by the Frenich, 415. Guiennie lost, 415. Pretensions 
pt' the duke of York to the crown, 417.
IDissipation of the royal revenues during the minority, 429. His title to the 
crown, how defended, 426. How answered by
the partisans of. York, -e7. List of: nobility 39 

Page 462 
INDEX. who adhered to the Lancaster prince in possession, 429. Marches an army 
to oppose the duke of York, 430. The
duke Jet res after a parley, 431. Unsuccessful attempt on the province of 
Gsacony, 431. Prince Edward born, 432. His
imbecility of mind increase3, 432. Taken prisoner by thi' duke of York at the 
battle of St. Alb tml, 433. Reinstated in his
reg-:l authority, 434. A formal reconcil'.atirn between the partisans of York 
and Lancaster, 435. Taken piisonel at
Northampton, 437 The duke of York's right of succession det.rmi;red by the 
lords, 438 Is retaken by Queen Margaret, at
the battle of St. Albans, 441. Deposed by the election of Edward IV., 442. 
Reflectir rs on this event, 442. lMiscellaneous
transactions of his reign, 442. Retires to Scotland after the defeat at Touton, 
447. Act of forfeiture and attainder passed
against him, 449. Receives assistance from Lewis XI. c;f France, 450. Imprisoned 
in the Tower, 452. Restored by the e-trl
of Warwick, 465. Again in the power of Edward, 469. His death, 471. Henry VII., 
his accession, iii. 1. Accepts Richard
III.'s crown, found in Bosworth field, 1. His title to the crown of England, 1. 
His impolitic idejudices against the house of
York, 4. Commits the young earl of WVaLrwick to the Tower, 5. His joyful 
rece'ption in his journey to London, 5. Renews
his promise of marriage with the princess Elizabeth, 6. Defers it till after his 
coronation, 6. Hi; coronation, 7. Creation of
peers, 7. Institution of yeomen of the guard, 7. His prior attainder, how 
qualified, 8. His cautious entail of the crown, 8.
Procures a papal sanc.tion of his right to the crown, 9. Attainders of the York 
party, 9. Itefections on, 9. The duties of
tonnage and poundage granted him for life, 10. Proclainms a pardon to those who 
took arms against him, on surrender, 10.
Titles of nobility confe:red by him, 10. His choice of ministers, 10. MBlarried 
to the princee,s Elizabeth, daughter of Edward
IV., 11. Makes a progress into the north, 12. Disperses an insurrection at 
Worce:ster, 12. Birth of Prince Arthur, 12. His
government unpopular, 13. Revolt of Ireland under Lambert Simnel, 15. Musters 
troops against him, 18. Defeats the earl of
Lincoln, Simnel's general, at Stoke, 18. Entertains Simnel as a scullion, 18. 
His rigorous prosecution of Simnel's partisans,
19. Crowns his queen, 19. State of foreign affairs at this period, 2.. Makes a 
truce for seven years with the Scots, 2(). His
politic motives for not assisting the French in their designs on Brittany, 25. 
His offers of mediation, how answered by the
duke of Brittany, 26. Obtains a supply from parliament to assist Brittany, 28. 
Insurrection in the north on levying it, 28.
Suppressed, 29. Sends Lord WMilloulghby de Broke to Brittany, 30. His vexation 
on the marriage of Charles of France
with the duchess of Brittany, 33. Levies a benevolence on his people, 33. 
Promises his parliament to claim the crown of
France, 34. Carrier over an army to France, 35. Makes peace with France, 36. 
Causes t)ie murder of Edward V. and the
duke of York to be ascertained, on. account of Perkin Warbec's imposture, 41. 
His policy in searching into the conspiracy,
41. Gains over Sir Robert Clifford, to betray Perkin's secrets, 41. Publishes 
Perkin's secret history, 42. Remonstrates to the
archduke on the occasion, and prohibits all commerce with the Lowv Countries, 
42. Executes some of Perkin Warbec's
secret adherents, 42. Detects and executes Sir William Stanley, 43. Oppres.es 
his people by arbitrary fines, 44. Caresses
lawyers, and curbs his nobility, 45. Passes a law to indemnify all who act under 
thi authority of the king for the time being,
46. Sends Sir Edward?oyrings over to reduce the malecontents in Ireland, 46. 
Poynings' r:;:n-orable statute, 46. Leagues
with the Italian states against France, 4?. Obtains a subsidy from parliament, 
50. Insurrection in Cornwalt on occasion of
levying it, 51. His prudent disposition to oppose: a Cornish insurgents, 52. 
Defeats them at Blackheath, 53. Employi ilialas,
Ferdinand's ambassador, to negotiate a truce with Scotland, 6L Concludes a 
treaty of commerce with the Flemnings, 65 

Page 463 
INDEI. 463 Perkin Warbec lands in Cornwall, and besieges Exeter, 56. The siege 
raised, and Perkin's followers disperse,
56. IIis generous treatment of Perkin's wife, 57. Conducts Perkin in mock 
triumph to London, 57. Publishes Perkin's
confession, 57. Executes the young earl of Warwick for concerting an escape with 
Perkin Warbec, 59. Reflections on this
execution, 59. His excuse for it, 59. His interview with the archduke Philip at 
Calais, 59. The pope sends a nuncio to engage
him in a crusade against the Turks, 60. Makes a conditional promise to attend 
him, 6G). Is chosen protector of the knights
of Rhodes, 60. Marries Arthur, prince of Wales, to Catharine of Arragon, 60. The 
prince dies, 60. Marries her to his
second son, Henry, 61. Marries his eldest daughter, Margaret, to James IV. of 
Scotland, 61. His remark on this connection,
61. Death of his queen, 61. His present situation, 61. His avarice, and 
oppression of his people by his two ministers,
Empson and Dudley, 62. Their modes of extortion, 62. His great wealth acquired 
by these means, 63. His political attention
to the state of Europe, 64. Is visited by Philip, king of Castile, forced by a 
storm on the coast of England, 65. The advantage
he took of this occurrence to obtain possession of the earl of Suffolk, whom 
Philip protested, 66. Commits Suffolk to the
Tower, 66. Affiances his:daughter Mary to Charles, archduke of Austria, 67. His 
remorse for his oppressions, and his deeds
of atonement, 67. Yet continues his extortions, 67. His death and character, 67. 
More absolute in his conduct than any
former king, 68. The people's submission accounted for, 69. His ls ws calculated 
for the good of the nation, 69. Star
chamber, the authority of, established in this reign, 69. Suits in jFbrma 
pauperis first given, 70. Benefit of clergy abridged,
70. Passed frequent laws against retainers, 70. Anecdote of his behavior to the 
earl of Oxford on accotrnt of, 71.
Empowers his nobility and gentry to break the ancient entails of estates, 72. 
Depresses old families, and caresses new ones,
72. Commerce rather hurt than advanced by some of his laws, 72. Instancer, 72. 
Remarks on the comparative prices of
commodities and labor at that time, 73. Review of other commercial regulations, 
74. America, and the new passage to the
East Indies, discovered in this reign, 15. Great alterations in t'lc European 
nations in consequence of these extraordinary vi
et:, 7$. How he lost the honor of the first discover r of America, 76. Sebastian 
Cabot sent out by him on discoveries in A
nerica, 76. Newfoundland discovered by Cabot, 76. The first ship o1 the royal 
navy, called the Great Harry, built by Henry,
76. Circumsta aces which tended to the promotion of literature about this time, 
76.'he nation rejoiced at his.death, 78. His
dying injunction to his son, to protest against his marriage with Catharine of 
Arragon, 163. fienry, second son of Henry VII.,
created prince of Wales on the death of his brother Arthur, iii. 61. Forced by 
his father into a marriage with Catharine of
Arragon, Arthur's widow, 61. - VIII., the general satisfaction of the people at 
his accersion, iii. 78. His personal
qualifications, 78. How he acquired a literary education, 78. His choice of 
ministers, 79. His taste for gayety and pleasure
encouraged by the earl of Surrey, 79. Dissipates his father's treasures, 80. 
Music and literature his favorite pursuits, 80.
Thomas Aquinas his favorite author, 80. Punishes the instruments of his father's 
oppressions, 80. Motives to the
consummation of his marriage with Catharine of Arragon, 82. Takes part with Pope 
Julius II. against France, 86. Supplies
granted by parliament for a war with France, 86. Deluded by Ferdinand of Spain 
into a fruitless expedition to Guienne, to
facilitate his conquest of Navarre, 87. A naval engagement between Sir Thomas 
Knevet and the French, 89. A poll-tax to
carry on the war against France, the proportions how rated, 90. Receives a 
vessel of provisions, a present from the pope,
90. Disputes with Scotland, 91, Concludes an alliance with Maximilian and 
Ferdinand against I ratae 

Page 464 
4;604 INDEX. 92. lWolsey introduced to hlim by Fox, bishop of'Vinchester, 93. 
The maxims inculfcated by Wolsey, 93.
Admits him to his privy council, 94, Raises an army anid fieet against Fralnce, 
94. Invades ttrance in persoli, b.'Ihe emperor
sixlinlian serves nller hiilll, and receives lty, 97. Be.;ieges'el rouaie, 97. 
Defeats the irenlch at the bauttle of Spulrs, cq
Terouane eapituilate~, 98.'lakes tonnay, 99. Mlsakes X\olsey bisihop 6)f'ournay, 
99. let urtns to England, 99. Defeats the
Scots at FIlouden, 1I)1. Makes pIeate with Scotland, 102, Inraged at 
Fecidinaud's alliance with France, 103. Peace with
France negotiated by the dultk of Longueville, 104. leriis of the treaty, 
104.'lge princess Mlary, lienry's sister, married to
Lewis, who dies quickly after, 10i. }His disnIsts against Francis I. of Franlce, 
113. Is persuaded by Wolsey to eliv er
tip''ornay, J 16. F1 lrs pretensions to the emlpi e, but is too late, 119. Hi-s 
political advantages lessened by the defects of his
temper, 121. ts visited by the elmperor Ch.arles V., 122. Goes over to Ardres to 
visit Francis, by N Wolsey's persuasio l,
who regulates the ceremiloniail of their meeting, 122. Inistance of' his 
delicacy towards Francis, 123. Ilis return of Francis's
falmiliarity and conIfidenice, 123. Grand tournament held by tlieiii, 124. 
Visits the emperor, and Margaret of Savoy, at
Gravelines, 124. His endeavors to mlediate a peace between the emiperor and 
Francis, friustrated, 125. An alliance
concluded by WVolsey between himl and the elnperO, with the pope, against 
Francis, 126. Triu1 and execution of the duke
of Buckilgham, 126. WVrites against the opinions of Luther, the reformer, 133. 
Receives the title of Defender of the Faith
from the pope, 133. Is sharply answered by Luther, 133. Is again visited by the 
emllperor Charles, whom he installs a
kniight of the garter, 136. Declares war against France, 136. Operations against 
Scotland, 133. lis father's treasure being
dissipated, imposes arbitrary taxes, 140. Summons a parliamnent, 141. Levies the 
grants before the stipulated time, 142. His
arbitrary behavior to Edward Montague. a meimber of the house of commons, 456. 
Sends a force under the duke of Suffolk
to invade Picardy, 144. A new treaty between him and the emperor for the 
invasion of France, 147. Resolves to assist
Louise, the regent of France, on the captivity of Francis, 150. Sends Tonstal, 
bithop of London, ambassador to the
emperor, 151. Levies taxes, by WVolsey's advice, without his parliament, 152. 
Discontents of the people on this exertion of
the prerogative, 152. Wolsey makes him a present of I-ampton Court Palace, 154. 
Joins the holy league against the
emperiur, 1;58. His treaties with Fraiicis, 159. Declares, with France, war 
against the eniperor, 161- Account of his scruples
with regard to his marriage with Catharine of Arragon, 163. Consults his 
prelates, whc confirm his scruples concerning his
marriage, 165. Becomes enamorec with the lady Anne Boleyn, 165. Applies to the 
pope for a divorce, 166. The motives of
the pope's hesitation in that affair, 167. Lays the pope's conduct before his 
ministers, and their advice thereupon, 168.'The
cardinlals WVolsey and Campeggio appointed by the pope to try his marriage, 170. 
The trial opened, 172. The court
abruptly prorogued b- Campeggio, 174. Deprives Wolsey of the great seal, 176. 
Orders 5Wolsey to depart from York
Place, and conlfiscates his movables there, 176. Orders him to be prosecuted in 
the star chamber, 177. Pardons him, 178.
The commons grant him a discharge of his debts, 179. Sends Francis I. of France 
a generous acquittal of a debt owing to
him, 180. A view of his iiiducemenuts to break off all connection with the court 
of Itome, 181. The first introduction of Dr.
Cranmer to him, 182. Engages Cranmer to write in favor of his divorce, 182. An 
examination into the general question of
marriage within affinity, with reference to this case, 183. He obtains the 
decision of many universities in favor of his divorce,
i84. Engages his nobility to write to the pope in the same cause, 184. Refuses 
thile pope's summons to appear at Rome,
184. Is,oncerned at Wolsey's death, 186. Pr secutes his clergy on the statute 

Page 465 
tNIDEX 465 of provisors, which is compounded with him by the convocation, 18B. 
The convocatiln acknowledges his
suprmlacy, with an artful reservation, 187. Issues a pardon to the laity tiron 
the statute of provisors, 187. PIt.ses an aot ailnt
levying antallltes, 187. The cornmmons reject a bill to secure his right of(t 
Narddhips, etc., and his conduct thereupon, 188.
Explailns his scrit)IleI aboutt hlls marriage to Sir Thomas Audley, speaker of 
the hotlse of collu:n )il. 1i8). His interview with
Francis at Boulogne, 190. Celebrates his iarri-ige with Alnne Boleyn, 19). 
Passes an act against all appeals to Roine, oin
suits cognizable in ecclesiastical courts, 191. Pimbhlihes his lmarriage with 
Aniine Boleyn, 191. His mnarriage with
Cathlarii)e declared invxlid. by Archbishop Cranrmer, 192. Birth of the 
rill-:es:; Elizabeth, 192. Creates her primicess of
Wales, 192. Degrades Citth:tlmine to the qtt:lity of princess dowager of WVales, 
102. Accident x;bhieh produced his fitil
breach witm the pope, 194. The papal authority excluded froim the regulation ot 
ruonasteries, and election of bishops, by
p;rlhiamient, 195. The suiccession to the crown regulated by parliament, 1)6. Is 
declared supreme head of the church, by
parliament, 197. Was the most absolute prince in Europe,' 2)2 2. is hatred 
towards the reformers accounted for, 2 3. His
courtiers, how disposed. with regard to the reforumation, 2.)3. His passions 
made use of by both parties, 20i4. Is abused
personally by Friar P.eyto froill the pulpit, 2)7. Orders Dr. Correll to preach 
betre hims, who justifies him, 2)8. Detects and
punishes the holy maid of Kent, and her associates, 2.:9. Fisher, bishop of 
Rochester, executed for denying his supremacy,
211. Trial and execution of Sir Thoimas More, 211. Ihe court of Romle enraged 
against him on aceolit of these executions,
212. Is desirous of a reconciliation With Pope Paul III., 213. Is excommunicated 
by the' pope, 213. Renews his friendship
with Francis, and proposes marrying the princess Elizabeth to the duke of 
Arngouleme, 213. Remits money to the German
Protestanits, 213. Invites over the principal German divines, 214. Death of 
Catharine of Arragon, and her dying letter to him,
214. His reply to the eniperor's advances towards an accommodation, 216. Is 
disgusted with Francis for marrying his
daughter to James V. of Scotland, 217. Appoints Cromwell his vicar-general, 218. 
A visitation of the nionasteres, 218.
Many monasteries surrender their revenues, 219. Their doors openied, 219. The 
lesser monasteries suppressed by
parliament, 22'). Becomrues jealous of Queen Anne, 223. His jealousy 
strengthened by the calumniies of the viscountess of
Rocheford, 224. Becomes enamored with the lady Jane Seynmour, 224. Orders the 
queen, and some of her attendants, to
be confined, 22,5. The queen's letter to him, 226. Trial of the queen, 226. 
larries the lady Jane Seymour the next day after
Anne Buleyn's execution, 229. Receives the princess Mary into favor onl her 
compliance with the acknowledgment of his
supremacy, 229. The princesses Mary and Elizabeth ille itimated by parliament, 
230. Articles of faith framed by
convocation, and corrected by him, 232. Rnemarks on his skill in conducting the 
alterations in religion, 233 Discontents
excited among the people by the dispersed monks', 234. An insurrection against 
him, headed by Dr. Mackrel, 235. Prevails
on the insurgents to desert their chief, who is executed, 236. An insurrection, 
terimed the Pilgrimage of Grace, raised in the
north, by Mr. Aske, 236. His manifesto against them, 238. The insurrection 
suppressed by the dike of Norfolk, 239. Prince
Edward born, and the death of the queen, 239. Negotiates with the German 
Protestants, but without effect, 240. Allows
only single copies of the Bible to be chained in some churches, with 
restrictions as to the reading of it, 240. Suppresses the
greater monasteries, 241. Pillages the shrine of Thomas A Becket, and burns his 
bones, 244. Makes liberal grants of the
revenues of the religious houses, 245. Erects six new bishoprics, Westminster, 
Oxford, Peterborough, Bristol, Chester, and
Gloucester, 245. The rage expressed against him by the court of Rome, on his 
suppressi Dn of the religiow 

Page 466 
(6 r6)-x. houses, 246. Procures Cardinal Pole to be dismissed from his legatine 
charge in Flanders, 248. Executes some
noblemen who had entered into a conspiracy with Pole, 248. Declares against tLe 
authority of the council of MT'antua, 249.
Is obstinately attached to the doctrine of the real presence, 250. Enters into a 
formal disputation with Lambert concerning
the eucharist, 251. Sentences Lambert to the stake, 252. Passes the law of six 
articles, for abolishing diversity of opinions in
religion, 253. The parliament grants the force of laws to his proclamations, 
2,55. Propounds a question to the judges
respecting the power of parliament in attainders, 256. The abbey lands confirmed 
to himn by parliament, 257. Grants a
general possession of the Bible, 258. Solicits the duchess dowager of 
Longueville in marriage, 258. Is refused by Francis, on
account of her previous contract to the king of Scotland, 258. Demands Anne of 
Cleves of her father, 260. Sees her
privately, and dislikes her, 260. Marries her, nevertheless, from political 
motives, 261. His disgust increases, 261.
Complains to parliament of the diversity of religio'ns, 262. Creates Cromwell 
earl of Essex, and knight of the garter, 262.
Obtains of parliament a dissolution of the order of St. John of Jerusalem, or 
knights of Malta, 262. Requires, and with
difficulty obtains, grants from parliament and convocation, 262. Fixes his 
affections on the la'dy Catharine Howard, 263. Is
influenced by the duke of Norfolk to commit Cromwell to the Tower, 263. 
Cromwell's moving letter to him, 264. Is
divorced from Anne of Cleves, 265. Concludes an alliance with, the emperor, 266. 
Marries Catharine Howard, 266.
Persecutes the reformers, 267. Makes a progress into the north, 268. Exhorts the 
king of Scotland to seize the church
revenues, 270. James evades a promised interview with him, 271. Is informed by 
Cranmer of the queen's dissolute conduct,
272. The queen attainted, with her associates, 273; and executed, 274. Dissolves 
divers colleges, hospitals, and other
foundations, and seizes their revenues, 274. Extorts a surrender of chapter 
lands from divers bishops, 274. Ireland erected
into a kingdom, and'added to his titles, 462. Mitigates the penalties of the six 
articles, so far as regards the marriage of
priests, 275.'Appoints a commission to establish a religion for the nation, 275. 
Writes and publishes his Institution of a
Christian Man, 275. Publishes the Erudition of a Christian Man, 276. Prohibits 
the lower classes of people to read the
Scriptures, 276. Reviews and alters the mass book, 277. Suppresses the 
interludes in ridicule of the former superstitions,
277. Publishes a manifesto, previous to his war with Scotland, 279. Sir Robert 
Bowes defeated by the Scots, 280. Battle of
Solway, 280. Death of James, 281. Proposes a marriage to the Scots nobles, 
between Prince Edward and the infant queen
of Scotland, 282. This marriage contracted by treaty with the earl of Arran, 
283. Is disgusted with Francis, 285. Leagues
with the emperor against Francis, 286. Obedience to his Erudition of a Christian 
Man enforced by parliament, 287. Marries
Catharine Par, 288.'Influences parliament to restore the princesses Mary and 
Elizabeth to their right of succession,
dependent on his will, 290. His regal style settled, 290. Is released by 
parliament from his debts, contracted by a general
loan, 290. Requires new loans from his people, and raises the value of specie, 
291. Extorts a benevolence from his people,
291. Invades Scotland and burns Edinburgh, 292. Concerts ant invasion of France 
with the emperor, 293. Passes over to
France,and leaves the queen. regent, 293. Takes Boulogne, 294. Charles makes a 
separate war with Francis, 294., Returns
to England, 294. Subsidies granted him by parliament and convocation, 297. 
Obtains a parliamentary grant of university
revenues, which he declines, 297. The gross flattery of parliament to him, 297. 
His speech on proroguing it, 298. Sends the
earl of Hertford with forces over to Calais, 298 Makes peace with France and 
Scotland, 299. His high encomium on te
duke of Suffelk at his death, 300. Proteotas franrrm' si: 

Page 467 
INDEX. 467 cabals of his Catholic courtiers, 300. The queen's tender care of him 
in his illness, 302. Orders her to be
impeached for heresy, 303. Her prudent caution in evading this danger, 303. 
Abuses Wriothesel 7, on his coming to take the
queen to the Tower, 304. Commits the duke of Norfolk and earl of Surrey to the 
Tower, 306. Trial and execution of
Surrey, 306. Expedites the proceedings against Norfolk, 307. Orders him for 
execution, 307. Dies, 307. His behavior at his
death, 307. The succession, how settled by his will, 307. His character, 308. 
The number of parliaments summoned by him,
310. His rigorous and contradictory statutes against heresy and treason, 310. A 
recapitulation of his statutes, 311. His
military laws, 311. Tonnage and poundage arbitrarily levied by him, 312. State 
of commerce in this reign, 313. His laws to
restrain the decay of tillage, and throwing lands into pas. turage, 317. His 
attention to the advancement of literature, t18. List
of the regency appointed by his will, during the minority of Edward VI., 320. 
Eenry, prince of Wales, eldest son of James I.,
his death and character, iv. 425. -, bishop of Winchester. See Winchester. II. 
of France, his character, iii. 330. His conduct
towards the Protestant league in Germany, 330. Makes an ineffectual attempt on 
Boulogne, 359. His treaty with England for
the surrender of Boulogi.e, 366. Agrees to a marriage between his daughter 
Elizabeth and Edward VI., 366. Invades
Germany in favor of Maurice, elector of Saxony, 397., The emperor repulsed from 
Metz, 397. Montmorency defeated at
St. Quintin, 437. Calais taken, 439. Requires the queen dowager of Scotland to 
take part in his quarrel against England,
441. Concludes the marriage between the dauphin and the young Queen Mary of 
Scoaland, 442. Peace of Chateau
Cambresis with Spain and England, iv. 12. S,. licits thte excommunication of 
Queen Elizabeth, 15. Orders the dauphin and
his queen to assume the title and arms of England, 15. Is killd at a tournament, 
15. - III. of France, state of the kingdom on
his accession, iv. 162. Grants a peace to the Hugonots, 162. Declares himself as 
head of the Catholic league, but is
suspected by both parties, 163. Loses the good will of his subjects, 163. Sends 
a splendid embassy to Elizabeth, on the
intended marriage between her and his brother the duke of Anjou, 1b5. Declares 
war against the Hugonots, 206. Is
defeated by Henry of Navarre, 272. Is driven from Paris, 272. Orders the duke of 
Guise and his brother to be assassinated,
272. Is assassinated himself, 273. IV. of France, his accession, iv. 273. 
Receives aid from Queen Elizabeth of England, to
oppose the Catholic league, 273. Possesses himself of the suburbs of Paris, 273. 
Battle of Yvrke, 274. Is disconcerted by
the duke of Parma, 274. Receives fresh assistance from Elizabeth, 274, 276. 
Motives of his changing his religion, 282.
Renounces the Protestant faith, 283. Declares war against Spain, 286. His repro 
sentations to his allies respecting peace
with Spain, 296. Concludes a separate peace, 297. He and Queen Elizabeth, 
unknown to each other, entertain the same
thoughts of establishing a new system of policy in Europe, 331.' His passionate 
admiration of the picture of Queen Elizabeth,
552. Concludes a treaty with James for the support of the United Provinces, 382. 
Is assassinated by Havaillac, 420. --- IV.,
emperor of Germany, his disputes with Pope Gregory VII about the right of 
investitures, i. 206. -- I., emperor of Germany,
obtains possession of Richard I. of Eng land, arrested by the archduke Leopold, 
i. 382. His ignominious treat~ ment of him,
382. Produces and accuses him before the diet at Worms, 384. Richard's spirited 
answer, 384. Is threatened by the pope
with an excommunication for detaining him, 385. Consents to release Richard ona 
a ransom, 385. Riehard's narrow escape
out of his hands, W88. 

Page 468 
468 INDEXo lIeptarchy, Saxon, in Britain, establishment of, i. 20. See Kent, 
Northum berland, East A,.glia, Mercia, Essex,
Su:ssex, WVessex. HIerbert, attoilney-general, impeaches, by the king's order, 
Lord Kimbolton, and the five commoners, v.
2_6. Is impeached by the commons for it, 214. Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, earl 
of, confederates with Leicester and
other barolns against Edward I., ii. 31. Is a party in forming the provisions of 
Oxford, 32. Is gained over by Prince Edward
to the royal cause, 45. Refuses to serve in the expedition against Gascony, and 
his quarrel with the king oni the occasion,
114. Refuses to attend the king to Flanders, 114. A new constable appointed in 
his rooll for that service, 114. He and the
earl of Norfolk present a remonstrance to him at his departure, 11;5. They 
obtain from parliament a confirmation of the
charters, and indemnity tfor themselves, which are confirmed by the king 
abroad,-116. Joins in the confederacy of Thomas,
earl of Lancaster, against Piers Gavaston, 149., Henry, duke of, accuses the 
duke of Norfolk in parliament, in Richard I1.'s
time, ii. 305. Duel between them stopped by the king, 306. Banished for tell 
Years, 306. Succeeds his father in the
dukedom of Lancaster, 307. See Lancaster, and Henry IV. Heresy, an act passed in 
the reign of Richard II., enjoining
sheriffs to apprehend the preachers of, ii. 320. lRepealed, 321. The repeal 
suppressed by the clergy, 321. The law of the six
articles for abolishing, passed, iii. 253. See Articles. --&#8212;, persons burnt for: 
William Sautree, ii. 329. A Lollard, 342. James
Bainllhain, iii. 206. Thomas Bilney, 207. Lambert, 252. Four Dutch Anabaptists, 
252. Dr. Barnes, Jerome, and Gerard,
267. Abel, Fetherstolle, and Powel, 267. Patrick Hamilton, in Scotland, 269. 
Anne Ascue, Nicholas Belenian, John Lassels,
and John Adams, 302. Wishart, the Scots reformer, 332. Joan Bocher and Van 
Paris, 353. Rogers, prebendary of St.
Paul's, 419. Hooper, bishop of Gloucester, 420. Sanders, 420. Taylor, parson of 
Hadley, 420. Philpot, archdeacon of
Winchester, 421. Ferrar, bishop of St. Davids, 421. Ridley, bishop of London, 
and Latimer of Worcester, 422. Hunter, an
apprentice, 422. Thomas Haukes, 422. A woman at Guernsey and her infant, 422. An 
express commission issued more
effectually to extirpate it, 424. A proclamation rendering the possession of 
heretical books capital, 425. An estimate of the
number of persons burnt, 425. Archbishop Cranmer burnt, 434. Walter Hjill in 
Scotland, iv. 18. Two Arians, by James I.,
500. A madman, 501.'Heretics, old law for burning, repealed, vi. 372. Ilereward, 
an East Angiian nobleman, assembles his
followers, and shelters himself in the Lsle of Ely, i. 192. Reduced by William 
the Conqueror, and received into favor, 201.
Heriot, in the Anglo-Saxon law, what, i. 173, n. Herries, Lord, is sent by Mary, 
queen of Scots, then in England, to
Elizabeth, to express her readiness to justify herself as to her husband's 
murder, iv. 101. His fluctuating conduct in this
negotiation, 101. Is appointed by Mary one of the commissioners in this cause, 
103. Refuses to answer Murray's allegations
against Mary, at Hampton Court, 107. He and his associates break up the 
conference, 109. Elizabeth's reply to them, 110.
Herrings, battle of, between Sir John Fastolffe and the count of Dunois, ii. 
387. IHertford, earl of, son of the protector
Somerset, is privately married to the lady Catharine Gray, iv. 47. Is with his 
lady committed to the Tower, 47. Is prosecuted
in the star chamber, 47..Is released on his wife's death, 47. m, marquis of, 
anecdotes of his life, v. 232. Is made governor t~
the prince, 21. Raises forces for the king, and is naneed general of'