Katie Felton
Mr. Haskell
World History
28 October 2004
Outline
What was the Renaissance?
A. The Renaissance changed many areas such as political, social, economic, cultural and the way people looked at themselves and the world.
B. Time of rebirth after the disorder and disunity if the medieval world.
C. Supported a spirit of adventure and a wide-ranging curiosity
Italian Beginnings
A. Renaissance
began in
B. It
started in
C. Wealthy merchant class in city-states further promoted the cultural rebirth.
Humanism
A. humanism focused on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues
B. Humanist believed that education should stimulate the individual’s creative powers.
C. Francesco Petrarch was an early humanist, he assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts
A Golden Age in the Arts
A. Renaissance art reflected humanist concerns
B. Three famous renaissance artists are Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.
C. Some women overcame the limits of education and training to become professional artists.
Writings for the New Age
A. The most popular books of the Renaissance were how-to books; the one read the most was The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione.
B. Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince, a guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power.
C. The Prince did not discuss leadership in terms of high ideals.
Artists of the Northern Renaissance
A. The Northern Renaissance began in the 1400s
B. Albrecht
Dürer traveled to
C. Jan and Hubert van Eyck developed oil paints.
Northern Humanists
A. Northern Europeans believed that the revival of ancient learning should be used to bring about religious and moral reform.
B. Erasmus translated the old testament into Greek and English
C. More wrote Utopia, a society that describes a ideal society.
Literature of the Northern Renaissance
A. A French humanist named François Rebelais wrote the novel Gargantua and Pantagruel which symbolized education and religion.
B. A towering figure during the Renaissance was William Shakespeare, an English poet and playwright; he wrote 37 plays
C. Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote a story that mocks the romantic notions of medieval chivalry.
The Printing Revolution
A. Through the printing press great works of literature could reached a large audience.
B. In 1456 John Gutenberg printed a complete version of the Bible using movable metal type
C. As books became more available more people learned to read and write.
Abuses in the Church
A. Popes competed with princes for political power.
B. Popes maintained a lavish lifestyle
C. The church raided the price on marriages, baptisms and also sold indulgences to fund projects to beautify the church.
Luther’s Protest
A. In 1517 a revolt against the abuses of the church was lead by Martin Luther
B. Luther drew up 95 Theses, a list of arguments against the indulgences.
C. In 1521 the pope excommunicated Luther
Spread of Lutheran Ideas
A. Many people saw Luther’s reforms as the answers to the church’s corruption
B. Luther denounced the Peasants’ Revolt because he didn’t see himself as a social reformer
C. In 1555 The Peace of Augsburg was signed; this stated that each prince could decide which religion Catholic or Lutheran would be followed in his lands.
John Calvin
A. Calvin preached predestination
B. Calvin
set up a theocracy in the city-state of
C. By the 1500s Calvinism had become a religion.
Radical Reformers
A. Groups called Anabaptists sprang up and believed that only adults should be baptized and that babies were to little to understand the ceremony.
B. Anabaptists had radical social reforms as well
C. Anabaptists were not tolerated by other religious groups and some time persecuted
The English Reformation
A. In
1527 Henry VIII of
B. Pope didn’t annul Henry’s marriage
C. Henry took the church away from the pope.
A. In
1554 Mary Tudor had
B. In
1555
C. In
1558 Mary died and
The Catholic Reformation
A. The leader of the Catholic Reformation was Pope Paul III.
B. In 1545 the pope called the Council of Trent; the council reaffirmed the traditional Catholic views.
C. To deal with threats from the Protestants Pope Paul strengthened the Inquisition.
Widespread Persecution
A. Between 1450 and 1750 tens of thousands of men and women died in the witch-hunting craze.
B. By
1516 Jews in
C. In 1550 emperor Charles V banned the migration of Jews into his colonies.
Looking Ahead
A. The upheavals of the Catholic and Protestant reformations sparked wars of religion.
B. Issues of religion began to give way to issues of national power.
C. Catholic and Protestant rulers often made decisions of political interests rather than religious reasons.
Changing Views of the World
A. In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the sun was the center of the universe.
B. Tycho Brahe supported Copernicus’s theory by conducting astronomical observations.
C. Johannes Kepler used data to calculate the orbits of the plants around the sun.
A.
B. In
1687
C.
More Scientific Advances
A. In 1600s Robert Boyle distinguished between individual elements and chemical compounds.
B. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published On the Structure of the Human Body, the first accurate and detailed study of the body.
C. Ambroise Paré developed a technique for closing wounds with stitches.
Bacon and Desartes
A. Francis Bacon and René Decartes both devoted themselves to the problem of knowledge.
B. Both argued that truth is not known at the beginning of inquiry but at the end, after investigation.
C. They
spread the idea of the possibility of human progress.