Katie Felton

Mr. Haskell

Period 3

Chapter 5 outline

 

                         I.      Minoan Civilization

A.    Minoans named after Minos, the king of Crete

B.     Minoan rulers lived in the palace at Knossos

C.     In 1400 BC Minoan civilization vanished

                      II.      Rulers of Mycenae

A.    Mycenaeans were the most powerful of the Aegean world form about 1400-1200 BC

B.     Mycenaeans were sea traders

C.     Mycenaeans best remembered for the Trojan War

                   III.      The Age of Homer

A.    Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

B.     Homer lived until about 750 BC

C.     Homer was a blind poet that wandered from village to village

                   IV.      Looking Ahead

A.    After the Dorian invasions, Greeks lived in small villages

B.     Greeks had no writing and few contacts with the outside world

C.     Greeks developed a civilization that would change the world

                      V.      Geography: the Greek Homeland

A.    Greece is part of the Balkan peninsula

B.     Mountains divide the peninsula into two isolated valleys

C.     The Mediterranean and the Aegean sea were very important to the Greeks

                   VI.       The Polis

A.    Polis- a unique version of a city-stated, named by the Greeks

B.     750-500 BC Greeks evolved different forms of government

C.     In 650 BC iron weapons replaced bronze ones

                VII.      Sparta: A Nation of Soldiers

A.    Spartans were Dorians who took over Laconia

B.     As children, Spartans were trained to be part of the military

C.     Women were expected to birth healthy sons

             VIII.      Athens: A Limited Democracy

A.    Athens was located in Attica, which is north of Peloponnesus

B.     Greeks created a government called a democracy; a democracy is a government by the people.

C.     Solon was a trusted leader appointed the chief official of Athens in 594 BC

                   IX.      Forces for Unity

A.    Greeks were polytheistic

B.     The most powerful Olympian was Zeus

C.     Greeks felt superior to no Greeks and called them barbarians 

 

                      X.      The Persian Wars

A.    In 500 BC Athens was the wealthiest Greek city-state

B.     In 499 BC the Greeks rebelled against the Persians

C.     In 490 BC  the Persian army landed at Marathon and were defeated by the Greeks

                   XI.      Athens in the Age if Pericles

A.    Under Pericles the economy increased and the government became more democratic.

B.     In Athens the people started to pay the men in public office

C.     Athenians had a direct democracy, which is  the day-to-day affairs of government

                XII.      Greek against Greek

A.    In 431 BC a war broke out between Athens and Sparta. It lasted 27 yrs.

B.     During the Peloponnesian War a plague was started and killed at least a third of the population

C.     In 404 BC the Spartans captured Athens

             XIII.      Lovers of Wisdom

A.    Greeks believed in reasoning and called these thinkers, philosophers which means lovers of wisdom

B.     Philosophers explored subjects like mathematics, physics, music and logic

C.     Philosophers urged students to learn skills in rhetoric, or the art of skillful speaking

             XIV.      Death of a Philosopher

A.    Most of what we know about Socrates comes from his student Plato

B.     Socrates had a questioning method we now call the Socratic Method

C.     When he was 70 Socrates was put on trial for corrupting the youth

                XV.      Ideas About Government

A.    Plato emphasized the importance of reasoning

B.     Plato wrote The Republic which described his vision of the perfect state

C.     Aristotle also developed ideas for the best government.

             XVI.      The Search for Beauty and Order

A.    The most famous Greek temple is the Parthenon

B.     450 BC sculptors emphasized nature poses

C.     The only Greeks paintings to survive the downfall were on vases

          XVII.      Poetry and Drama

A.    The First Greek plays came from religious festivals

B.     The best Athenian writers were Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides who all wrote tragedies

C.     Comedies are humorous plays that mock people or customs

       XVIII.      The Writing of History

A.    Herodotus or the “Father of History” wrote The Persian Wars

B.     Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War

C.     Herodotus stressed the importance of research

 

             XIX.      Macedonian Ambitions

A.    Philip became king of Macedonia in 359 BC

B.      Athens and Thebes fought against Philip in the battle of Chaeronea

C.     Proposed to join Greeks and conquer the Persian Empire but he was killed before he could do so

                XX.      A Mighty Conqueror

A.    Alexander became king when he was 20 yrs. Old

B.     Alexander won his first victory over Persia at the Granicus River

C.     After Alexander’s death three general divided up the empire

             XXI.      The Legacy of Alexander

A.    Alexander encouraged the blending of cultures that became know as the Hellenistic civilization

B.     The heart of the Hellenistic civilization was the city of Alexandria in Egypt

C.     During the Hellenistic civilization women learned how t read and write and were no longer restricted to their houses

          XXII.      Hellenistic Civilization

A.    The most influential school of philosophy was Stoicism which was founded by Zeno

B.     Euclid wrote The Elements which is the basis of modern geometry

C.     The most famous Hellenistic scientist is Archimedes who applied physics to make practical inventions

       XXIII.      Looking Ahead

A.    Rome came to dominate the Mediterranean world

B.     Greeks ideas about laws, freedom, justice, and government influenced today’s government

C.     Greece influenced the civilizations of Rome and Western Europe