Katie Felton

Mr. Haskell

World History

1 October 2004

 

 

Chapter 5

 

1. The Minoan civilization which was named by a British archaeologist, after the king of Crete, Minos. The location is important because from their island of Crete they sailed to the Nile River and the Middle East. This later influenced their civilization through new ideas and technology.

 

2.  Spartan’s location was important because it in the Peloponnesus region and isolated from Greece. Spartans looked down on trade and would not let their citizens leave so their power slowly declined.

 

3.  The Trojan War was a 10 year war between the Trojans and the Mycenaeans which started in 1250 BC. The war took place outside the walls of Troy, a rich trading city in present-day Turkey.

 

4.  The geography separated Greece in to many parts. Also Greece has many tiny islands off the coast of the peninsula. Because of this Greece had a lot of city-states which were isolated from each other.

 

5.  After the Persian War the Greeks had a stronger sense of their uniqueness and felt that the gods had protected their great form of government. From the war Athens became the richest and most powerful city-state in Greece.

 

6.  In 431 BC a 27 year war broke out between Athens and Sparta, it was called the Peloponnesian War. The Spartans won the war which ended greatness for Athens.

 

7.  The Greek theater originated from religious ceremonies that where put on in Athens in the outdoors to honor the god Dionysus.  Actors wore elaborate masks and costumes and only men could be actors.

 

8.  Because Alexander the Great was such a good conqueror the Greek empire expanded greatly. Though many conquests cultures became blended with later led to the Hellenistic civilization.

 

9. Alexandra, Egypt, which was named after Alexander the Great was the center of the Hellenistic world. It flourished with trade and markets and people from all over came there.

 

10. Because of its many seas Greeks became skilled sailors and traders. Also because of the small size of Greece people were forced to leave their over crowed cities.

11.  An oligarchy is a form of government where the power is in the hands of a small and powerful elite group. This came about because a middle class of wealth merchants and artisans had emerged.

 

12. In Athens they had a democracy or a government where the power was in the hands of the people. Only male citizens could vote in Athens.

 

13. From an early age Spartan children were taught to fight. At the age of seven boys would be taken from there mothers and put through training. Girls were expected to raise healthy sons for the army and worked out everyday to do so.

 

14.  Greek’s golden age was under the rule of able statesman, Pericles. Many city-states prospered and democracy was taking place.

 

15.Aristotle the most famous student of Plato and a philosopher had his own ideas about government. He thought Greece should have one strong leader.

 

16. Values were very important to the Greeks. They believed in honoring their gods and being respectful to every one.

Chapter 6

1. Augustus was known as the Exalted One. Although he wasn’t the king he acted like one. Because of this the Romans hated him. Even though he was a good leader he took advantage of his power and was greedy.

2. Julius Caesar was a great leader. He conquered lots of land and expanded the Roman Empire. He made great reforms to Rome but people feared that he wanted to become king and murdered him on March 15^th.

3. Hannibal was dedicated to the destruction of Rome.  He led a daring expedition ever over the Alps and caught the Romans off guard.  For 15 years he fought for Italy and finally lost in the battle of Zama.

4. Jesus was founder of Christianity. He was said to be the Messiah or Christ. Jesus believed in the Jewish laws but taught them in a different way. Later he was crucified by the Romans.

5. Paul was one of the Romans who persecuted Jesus and his followers. One day he had a dream that Jesus was speaking to him and immediately he changed his faith.

 

6. Odoacer was a Germanic leader who ousted the emperor in Rome. Historians later referred to what he did as the fall of Rome.

7. Ptolemy was an astronomer and mathematician in Alexandria. He proposed the theory that the earth was the center of the universe. This idea was accepted in the western world for nearly 1,500 years.

8. Virgil wrote the epic Aeneid which was about the Roman heritage so the people would remember their heritage. He hoped it would show that Roman heritage was just as great as Greek heritage and that it would arose patriotism.

9. Martyr is a person who suffers or dies for their beliefs. 11 of the 12 disciples were martyrs and died for their belief in Jesus.

 

10. Mercenaries are foreign soldiers serving for pay. Many of the ones who worked in Rome were German warriors who felt loyal to Rome.

11. The messiah is a savior sent by God. Many people believe Jesus to be the Messiah sent to save them. Although Jews believe the messiah has not come yet.

12. Patricians are members of the landholding upper class. Most powerful governing body was made up of this party and they were called the senate. There were 300 patricians who served life terms, issued decrees, and interpreted laws.

13. Plebeians were farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders, who made up the bulk of the population. They had little influence but made many efforts to help politics in the early republic. Finally their breakthrough came in 450 BC. The plebeians then gained the right to elect their own officials and these people were later aloud to be apart of senate.

14. An aqueduct is a bridge like stone structure that brought water from hills to the people of Rome. To the Romans availability of fresh water was important.

15. Heresies are beliefs said to be contrary to official Church teachings. Because of them the church sent out missionaries to convert people to Christianity.

 

16. A legion was the basic unit of arms that was made up of 5,000 men. They were masters of war and very well-disciplined. Citizens in legions fought without pay and used their own weapons.

17. A republic means thing of the people. Romans thought a republic would keep someone from gaining too much power.

18. A sect is a small group within a religion. Christianity began as a sect of Judaism but when Paul spread Christianity through out the world it became its own religion with its own sects.