Katie Felton

Mr. Haskell

World History

3 June 2005

Ch. 32 and 33 Outline

Chapter 32

Changing Political Climate
                       

A.    In 1972, President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania in East Africa spoke of  the goals of struggling new nations.

B.      The balance of world power changed dramatically after 1945.

C.      European influence decline while the US and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers locked in a tense Cold War.

The Great Liberation
                       

A.    The postwar decades brought a major turning point in world history when the colonial empires built by western powers during the Age of Imperialism crumbled.

B.     Resistance to colonial rule had begun long before.

C.      By the 1930s, nationalist movements had taken root in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

The Cold War Goes Global
                       

A.    The new nations emerged into a world dominated and divided by the Cold War.

B.     The United States and the Soviet Union competed for influence by offering economic and military aid to developing nations.

C.     To avoid superpower rivalry, many new nations chose to remain nonaligned, that is, not allied to either side in the Cold War.

New Nations Seek Stability
                       

A.    While new nations had high hopes for the future, they faced immense problems.

B.     In Africa, especially, nations inherited random colonial borders that mixed together people with different languages, religions, and ethnic identities.

C.     The new nations wrote constitutions modeled on those of western democracies.

The Shrinking Globe
                         

A.    Since 1945, transportation and communications systems have made the world increasingly interdependent.

B.     Interdependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world.

C.       Political, economic, cultural, and other links have created both problems and opportunities.

Enduring Issues
                       

A.    During the Cold War, efforts to curb the arms race had only limited success.

B.     In 1968, a number of nations signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, agreeing to halt the spread of nuclear weapons.

C.     As the treaty came up for renewal in the 1990s, though, some nations were unwilling to sign.

Global Economic Trends
                     

            A.  In 1969, Pope Paul VI expressed what he saw as a troubling mix of successes and failures in the modern age.

            B.  As new nations won independence, they aspired to the high standard of living in the industrial world.

             C.  Since the 1950s, however, a growing gulf has divided the world into rich and poor nations.

The Global North and South: Two Worlds of Development
                     

            A.  The global North includes the industrial nations of Western Europe and North America, as well as Japan and Australia

            B.  Most are located in the temperate zone north of the Equator.
C.  They control most of the world’s wealth.

Economic Interdependence
                    

            A.  Huge multinational corporations, enterprises with branches in many countries, have invested in the developing world.

            B.  They bring new technology to mining, agriculture, transportation, and other industries.
C. Rich nations also provide aid, technical advisers.

Obstacles of Development
                     

            A.  In parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin American, geography has posed and obstacle to progress.
B.  For example, some newly created African countries are tiny and have few natural resources.
C.  Difficult climates, uncertain rainfall, lack of good farmland, and disease have added to the problems of some nations.

Economic Development and the Environment
                   

            A.  Gases from power plants and factories produced acid rain, a form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come back to the Earth as rain, snow, or hail.
 B.  Acid rain damaged forests, lakes, and farmland, especially in industrial Europe and North America.
C.  Some scientists warned of “global warming” caused by the increased emission of gases into the upper atmosphere.

Changing Patterns of Life
                  

            A.  Urbanization had transformed the lives of people in the developing world just as it did in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.
B.  First, though, we will look at how the village continues to shape the lives of millions of people.
C.  In recent decades, hundreds of millions of people have migrated from rural villages to urban centers.

The Village: Continuity and Change
                 

            A.  The village is close-set houses made of stones, clay bricks, or sticks plastered over with mud, roofed with thatch, palm leaves, tile, or tin.  It is hard-packed earthen paths crossed by bare feet, sandals, or perhaps a bicycle or two.

            B.  It is water from a village well, vegetables from a back garden, chickens or goats in the yard.
C.  It is dust, heat, and insects.  It is also families, neighbors, and an enduring way of life.

Old Ways and New

            A.  In the western world, industrialization and urbanization began more than 200 years ago during the Industrial Revolution.
B.  Since 1945, the rest of the world has experienced similar upheavals.
C.  People in the developing world have flocked to the cities to find jobs and escape rural poverty.

New Rights and Role for Women

            A.  After 1945, women’s movements brought changes to both the western and developing worlds.
B.  The UN Charter included a commitment to work for “equal rights for men and women.”
C.  By 1950, women had won the right to vote in most European nations, as well as in Japan, China, Brazil, and other nations.

Science and Technology

            A.  Since 1945, technology has transformed human life and thought.
B.  Instant communication via satellites has shrunk the globe.
C.  New forms of energy, especially nuclear power, have been added to the steam power, electricity, and gasoline energy of the first industrial age.

A New International Culture

            A.  The driving force behind this new global culture had been the United States.
B.  Since World War II, American fads, fashions, music, and entertainment have captured the world’s imagination.
C.  American movies and television programs play to audiences in Moscow, Beijing, Buenos Aires, and Cairo.

Looking Ahead

            A. Many current trends and issues emerged long before 1945 and will continue beyond 2000.
B.  At the same time, new issues and conflicts will almost certainly take shape in the new millennium, or thousand-year period, that begins after the year 2000.
C.  The next five chapters trace how the trends discussed in this chapter have affected different regions.

Chapter 33

The Cold War in Europe

1. For more than 40 years the cold war divided Europe
2. Berlin remained a focus to the cold war tensions
3. There was a new leader for the soviet union in the 1990’s named Mikhail Gorbachev

Recovery and growth in western Europe

1. Western European counties recovered quickly
2. Major goals of leftist parties was to extend welfare state
3. There was an economic slowdown in the 1970’s and the 1980’s

Toward European Unity

1. In 1957nsix nations signed a treaty
2. 1973 Britain was admitted
3. Some eastern European nations were eager to join the EU

Social Trends

1. Social change sped up after 1954
2. Since the 1950’s many counties settled in Europe
3. Women have been making their way into the legal and economic quality

Britain: Government and the Economy

1. WWII left Europe physically battered
2. They then accepted the welfare state
3. Ireland won independence in 1922

France: Revival and Prosperity

1. Was weakened by WWII
2. In 1958 De Gaulle set up the fifth Republic
3. In 1968 youth revolts shook France

Germany: Reunite at last

1. In 1949 feuds among the allies divided Germany
2. As the Cold War began the United States rushed AID to its former enemy
3. West Germany also played a role in NATO

Other Democratic Nations of the west

1. Other parts of western Europe slowly recovered from the war
2. Post war Italy was economically divided
3. Change came more slowly to Greece, Spain, and Portugal

The United States and the cold war

1. In 1945 the united states was the world’s best military
2. The united states built nations overseas
3. In 1967 the Americans were divided my Vietnam

Economy and the role of government

1. In 1945 it produced 50 percent of the worlds manufactured goods
2. President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963
3. The deficit was continuing to grow

The civil rights movement

1. The 1950’s seemed to be a peaceful time at home
2. In the 1950’s and 1960’s the civil rights movement renewed
3. In 1954 the supreme court issued a landmark

The United States and the Global Economy

1. In the 1970’s OPEC price went up
2. American industries faced stiff competition
3. In the 1990’s there were tough laws in America

Postwar Canada

1. Country shaped my immigrants
2. Ranked among the major democratic industrial powers
3. In 1959 Canada and the United States completed the St. Lawrence sea way

Stalin’s Successors

1. Soviet Union came out of WWII strong
2. He was ready to launch a new wave of purges when he died in 1953.
3. Leonid Brezhnev took over the Soviet Union in 1982

Foreign Policy Issues

1. In 1961 the building of the Berlin wall created tensions
2. it came to an abrupt end when the soviets invaded Afghanistan
3. the Afgan ar drained the Soviet economy

Collapse of the Soviet Empire

1. Gorbachev sought to end Cold war tensions
2. In 1991 they regained full independence
3. After 74 years the Soviet Union ceased to exist

The Russian Republic

1. In the 199o’s economic hardships increased
2. Russia gained Western AID
3. Russia reduced its nuclear stockpile after the Soviet Union fell apart

The Other Republics

1. They wanted to build Stable governments and improve their standard of living
2. The republic of Georgia fell apart through a bloody battle
3. These nations endured hard times as they switched to market economies

In the Soviet Orbit

1. In 1945 Soviet armies occupied much of eastern Europe
2. In 1956 Imre Nagy gained power in Hungary
3. Soviet Power did not extend to Yugoslavia

Poland Struggle Toward Democracy

1. Poland was Soviet unions most troublesome satellite
2. In 1956 economic woes touched off riots and strikes
3. In 1980 economic hard ships ignited strikes of shipyard workers

Revolution and Freedom

1. By late 1989 a "democracy Movement" was sweeping Western Europe
2. First time since 1945 Eastern European countries settled their own affairs
3. In 1990 Eastern European countries looked for Aid from the west

War come to Sarajevo

1.  Sarajevo was part of Yugoslavia
2. Serbs practiced "ethnic cleansing"
3. Zalta watched in horror as shelling and snipers killed thousands of people

Looking ahead

1.  In 1995 the united States finally brought the warning parties to Dayton, Ohio
2. NATO forces were sent to Bosnia
3. In the 1990’s Bosnia became a test case for western powers