Katie Felton

Mr. Haskell

World History

17 March, 2005

 

Chapter 29 Outline

 

The Mexican Revolution

a.       By 1910 Porfirio  Dìaz ruled Mexico for almost 35 years.

b.      Francisco Madero, a liberal reformer, demanded free elections in 1910.

c.       Faced with rebellion all over the country Dìaz resigned in 1911.

Reforms

a.       In 1917 Venustian Carranza was elected president of Mexico.

b.      The constitution of 1917 addressed the issues of land, religion and labor.

c.       In the 1920s after the government restored itself the reforms of the constitution began to be carried out.

Rising Tide of Nationalism

a.       Mexico’s move to reclaim its oil fields from foreign investors reflected a growing spirit of nationalism.

b.       During the 1920s and 1930s world events affected Latin American economies

c.       A tide of economic nationalism swept Latin American countries because they were determined to develop their own economies and end foreign economic control.

The “Good Neighbor” Policy

a.        In 1914 the U.S. bombarded the port of Vera Cruz to punish Mexico for imprisoning several American sailors.

b.        In 1916 the U.S. invaded Mexico after Pancho Villa killed  17 Americans in New Mexico.

c.        During the 1920s anti-American feelings grew.

Movements for Change in Africa

a.       During the 1900s more and more Africans felt the impact of colonial rule.

b.      Everywhere Africans were forced to work on European-run plantations or in mines to earn money to pay taxes.

c.       Many protest broke out all over Africa.

Growing Self-Confidence

a.       During the 1920s a movement known as Pan-Africanism began to nourish the nationalist spirit.

b.      One of the most inspiring Pan-Africanism leaders was Marcus Garvey.

c.       W.E.B. DuBois organized the first Pan-African Congress in 1919.

Modernization in Turkey and Iran

a.       Nationalism brought immense changes to the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I

b.      Led by Mustafa Kemal or later Atatürk Turkish nationalists overthrew the sultan

c.       As Iran modernized it won better terms from the British company that controlled its oil industry

Arab Nationalism and European Mandates

a.       Arab nationalism blossomed after World War I and gave rise to Pan-Arabism.

b.      Arabs resented the mandate system because it took away their land and didn’t give them the independence they were promised

c.       Arabs upraised when the Jews moved back to their “homeland.”

Moves Toward Independence

a.       During World War I more than a million Indians served overseas, suffering heavy casualties.

b.      The British promised India greater self-government after the war.

c.       Mohandas Gandhi untied all Indians behind the drive for independence.

Mohandas Gandhi

a.       For 20 years Gandhi fought laws that discriminated Indians in South Africa.

b.      Gandhi believed that through love and peace anything could be accomplished.

c.       During the 1920s and 1930s Gandhi launched a series of nonviolent actions against British rule.

The Salt March

a.       To Gandhi the government salt monopoly was an evil burden on the poor and a symbol of British oppression.

b.      In 1930 Gandhi wrote to the British viceroy in India, explaining his motives and goals.

c.       On March 12th Gandhi with 78 followers marched 240-miles to the sea.

Looking Ahead

a.       As India came closer to independence, Muslim fears of the Hindu majority increased.

b.      During the 1930s the Muslim League gained an able leader in Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

c.       India was moving toward independence when a new world war exploded in 1939.

The Chinese Republic

a.       In 1912 Sun Yixian stepped down as president in favor of a powerful general, Yuan Shikai

b.      Sun hoped Yuan would restore order and create a strong central government.

c.       In 1919 the Allies gave Japan the German possessions in China.

Leaders for a New China

a.       In 1921 Sun Yixian and his nationalist party established a government in south China

b.      After Sun’s death Jiang Jieshi took over the Guomindang.

c.       In 1926 Jieshi began a march in northern China crushing local warlords as he advanced and capturing Beijing.

Japanese Invasion

a.       In 1931 the Japanese invaded Manchuria in northeastern China.

b.      In 1937 Japan attacked again

c.       From 1937 to 1945 the Guomindang, the Communists and the Japanese were in a three-way struggle for China.

Liberal Changes of the 1920s

a.       In the 1920s Japan moved toward a greater democracy.

b.      By 1925 all adult men had won the right to vote.

c.       During World War I, the Japanese economy enjoyed phenomenal growth.

The Nationalist Reaction

a.       In 1929 the Great Depression hit Japan with devastating force.

b.      People in cities were unemployed and the people in the country almost starved.

c.       In 1931 the Japanese army officers provoked an incident that provided an excuse to seize Manchuria.

Militarists in Power

a.       By the 1930s ultranationalist were winning support for foreign conquests and a stand against the western powers.

b.      By 1937 Civilian government was forced to accept military domination

c.       During the 1930s Japan took advantage of China’s civil war to increase its influence there.

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