Katie Felton

Mr. Haskell

World History

10 February 2005 

ESLR # 1. Utilize appropriate skills in reading, writing, speaking and listening.

ESLR # 4.  Develop career and technology skills needed to pursue future goals.

 

CH. 27 STUDY GUIDE

 

 

Ch. 27

Militarism-  Militarism is the glorification of the military. Under militarism, the armed forces and readiness for war came to dominate national policy.

Ultimatum-  Ultimatum is a final set of demands. The ultimatum that Austria sent Serbia stated that Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian official involved in the murder plot.

Mobilize- To mobilize is to prepare military troops for war. When the plea to have Austria soften its demands failed, Russia mobilized.

Neutrality- Neutrality is a policy of supporting neither side in war.  Britain and Italy were neutral in the beginning of the war but later joined in.

Total war- Total War is the channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort.  Nations realized that a modern war a total commitment as the war wore on.

Propaganda- Propaganda is the spreading of ideas of promote a cause or damage an opposing cause. To control the public’s opinion political media used propaganda.

Atrocity- Atrocity is a horrible act. The British and the French press circulated tales of atrocity against innocent people.

Armistice- A armistice is an agreement to end fighting. The new German government sought an armistice with the Allies.

Reparations- Reparations are payments for war damage. The Allies felt that the Central Powers should make reparations to them.

Mandate- Mandates are territories that were administered by western powers. Britain and France gained mandates over German colonies.

Edith Cavell- a British nurse that ran the Red Cross hospital in Belgium. She helped Allied prisoners escape from the German forces.

Georges Clemenceau- Georges was the French leader during the war. His chief goal was to weaken Germany.

Alfred Nobel- The Swedish inventor of dynamite. He also set up the Nobel peace prize.

Gavrillo Princip- He was a member of the Black Hand. He was the man that killed the Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria.  

Sarajevo- The street that the Archduke and his wife were killed. The Black Hand poisoned themselves on the street before they killed the Archduke.  

Woodrow Wilson- Wilson was the President of the United States at the time of the war. He came up with Fourteen Points to stop the war.

(Wilson's Fourteen Points Points)- The Fourteen Points was a list of terms to end this and future wars. He called for an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and large-scale reductions.

Francis Ferdinand- The Archduke of Austria during the early 1900s. He was an unpopular ruler.

Kaiser William II-  The Kaiser during the war. He stepped down from power from fear of Germany.  

Bertha Von Sutner- Bertha Von Sutner was a writer. Sutner was also know as “Peace Bertha”.  

Triple Alliance- The Triple Alliance was an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. William II preserved this alliance.

Ottoman Empire- the Empire was allied with the Central Powers. At the end of the war much of its land was given away.

trench warfare- Trench warfare is a network of linked bunkers, communication trenches and gun emplacements. Between the opposing trench lines lay “no man’s land”.  

machine gun (role it played in WWI)- Machine guns made it possible for few gunners to kill more soldiers. This helped to make a stalemate.  

airplane (role it played in WWI) – At first airplanes were just used for observation over battle ground. Later they carried troops, supplies and bombs across lots of land.

role of women in WWI- Women were very important during the war and many were nurses. Some women joined women’s branches in the armed forces.

Nationalism (ie. tension between France and Germany)- Nationalism was strong in both Germany and France. Both fought over Alsace and Lorranine.

Paris Peace Conference- The conference offered a beacon of hope for the League of Nations. At the conference more than 40 nations joined the league.

American neutrality- America was neutral in the war until 1917. When they did enter they joined the Allies.

Black Hand- Black Hand was a terrorist group also known as Unity or Death. Its chief goal was to organize all South Slav peoples into a single nation.

Treaty of Versailles- A treaty drawn up by the Allies. The Allies forced Germany to sign the treaty.

self determination- Wilson favored self-determination. Self-determination is were people choose their own government.

Shleiffen Plan- Under Shleiffen’s Plan, Germany first had to defeat France quickly. Then it would fight Russia.

U boat- The U boat was the  German submarine that torpedoed the Lusitania.  It attacked against the laws of submarine laws.

Lusitania- The British liner that Germany torpedoed. The loss of the liner and the people on it was one of the reasons why the U.S. joined the war.

Armistice- A armistice is an agreement to end fighting. The new German government sought an armistice with the Allies

mandate- Mandates were to be held and modernized until they were able to “stand alone”. They practically became European colonies though.

war reparations- The total cost of German reparations was over $30 billion. That also included the cost of the Allies.

Western Front- On the Western Front trench warfare was happening. Some trenches stretched from the Swiss frontier to the English Channel.   

Eastern Front- on the Eastern Front battle lines swayed back and forth. Causalities roses even higher than in the west.

Verdun

Battle of Marne