Katie Felton

Mr. Haskell

World History

15 December 2004

Chapter 21 Outline

 

Preserving the Old Order

A.    Conservative ideas appealed to peasants who wanted to keep traditional ways.

B.     They wanted to return the power to the royal families and go back to the hierarchy of social classes.

C.     They argued that if any change comes it must come slowly

The Liberal Challenge

A.    In the 1800’s liberals embraced Enlightenment ideas spread by the French Revolutionists.

B.     Liberals were mostly made up of the middle and working classes.

C.     Liberals wanted government to be based on written constitutions and separation of power

Nationalist Stirrings

A.    In 1815 had a empire that had many nationalities in it in result to land swapping

B.     The Serbs achieved autonomy in the Ottoman Empire after many revolts

C.     In 1821 the Greeks also revolted against the Ottomans

Challenges to the Old Order

A.    Many revolts occurred along the Southern fringe of Europe

B.     A French army marched into Spain to suppress a revolt

C.     By the 1800’s social reformers urged the working class to support socialism

France After the Restoration

A.    The Congress of Vienna restored Louis XVIII to the French throne

B.     Liberals wanted to extend suffrage and win a share of power for middle-class citizens like themselves.

C.     In 1824 Louis XVIII died and his brother Charles X took over the throne

The French Revolution of 1848

A.    In February of 1848 the French government took steps to silence critics and prevent public meetings

B.     By June the upper and middle class interests had won control of the government

C.     Louis Napoleon won the votes for President of France

“Europe Catches Cold”

A.    Both in 1830 and 1848 the revolts in Paris inspired other uprisings in Europe

B.     A successful revolution took place in Belgium

C.     In Poland, nationalists also staged a and uprising in 1830

The Springtime of the Peoples

A.    The Austrians took Metternich by surprise with their revolts and resigned and fled in disguise

B.     Revolts occurred in Italy because nationalists wanted to end domination of the Austrian Hapsburgs.

C.     In Germany students of universities demanded national unity and liberal reforms

Looking Ahead

A.    By 1850 the age of liberal revolutions was coming to an end

B.     Revolutions came to an end because revolutionaries no longer had mass support

C.     Political leaders unified Germany and Italy

Climate of Discontent

A.    Spanish-born peninsulares dominated Latin American political and social life

B.     In 1808 Napoleon’s invasion of Spain sparked the widespread of revolts in Latin America

C.     Napoleon replaced the king of Spain with his brother

Haiti’s Struggle

A.    Haiti was called Hispaniola in the 1700’s

B.     Hispaniola was the most valued possession in the 1700s

C.     In the 1790s revolutionaries in France debated ways to abolish slavery in the West Indies

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A.    Toussaint L’Ouverture was born a slave in Haiti

B.     Toussaint became a general of the Haiti army

C.     In 1798 Toussaint freed engraved Haitians

A Call to Freedom in Mexico

A.      The slave revolt in Haiti scared creoles in Spanish America

B.       Father Miguel Hidalgo raised a cry from freedom that echoed across the land

C.       Father Hidalgo presided over the parish of Dolores

New Republics n Central America

A.    In the early 1820s the Spanish-ruled lands in Central America declared independence.

B.     Agustín de Iturbide tried to add these newly freed areas to his Mexican empire

C.     After the people overthrew him they started a republic called the United Provinces of Central America

Revolution in South America

A.    Native American had rebelled against the Spanish rule as early as the early 1700s

B.     Tupac Amaru led the strongest challenge by the Native Americans

C.     In 1780 Tupac organized a revolt and where crushed by the Spanish army

Independence of Brazil

A.    No revolution or campaigns were needed to win independence for Brazil

B.     The Portuguese king fled to Brazil and while there he introduced many new reforms such as free trade

C.     When he left to back to Portugal he made his son Dom Pedro King of Brazil