2. Ubon Ratchathani 2, a big seeded of white sesame was released as registered variety with

2.1. 6% bigger seed than Maha Sarakam 60 (SK 60) (1,000 seed wt. = 3.18 gram)

2.2. High yield potential at the same level as SK 60 (122 kg/rai)

2.3. High antioxidants content (10.771 mg/kg) which is 16% higher than SK 60

2.4. 6% higher in calcium content than SK 60 (0.69% of calcium)

2.5. Thin seed coat

3. Chiang Mai 1, the first synthetic sunflower variety was released as registered variety with

3.1. Higher average yield potential (203 kg/rai) almost the same as Pacific 33 (Pac.33 is a hybrid variety from Pacific Seed Company, which yield 218 kg/rai).

4. Khon Kaen 1, a pigeon pea variety was released as recommended variety with

4.1. Average biomass at 90 and 120 days after planting are 805 and 1,160 kg/rai, respectively, which is higher than the variety from China with 13.2 and 77%, respectively.

4.2. Dry seed yield is 461 kg/rai or 12.3% higher than the China variety.

1. Fibre yield is 386 kg/rai or 10% higher than Khon Kaen 60 (KK 60)
2. More tolerance to drought than KK60
3. Less spine and easier to peel off the fibre than KK60

8 Karasin 2, a pea-nut variety was released as recommended boiled type variety. With

8.2 44% more big pod (3-4 seeds/pod) than Kalasin 1 (KS 1).

8.3 7% higher fresh yield than KS 1

8.4 Pods are easier to clean.

9 Mukdahan, a sugar-cane clone was released as recommended variety, with

9.2 Average sugar yield is 1.8 t/rai or 38% higher than F 154

9.3 High CCS (14-15) during November to February.

4 NBG5/ Prachin, a black gram elite line. Will be registered in 2004. With

4.1 High yield potential (205 kg/rai)

4.2 Big seed size (1,000 seed weight is 62 gram)

1.2.1 Development of simulation model for decision assisted on cassava production

Four cassava varieties; namly, Rayong 1, Rayong 90, Rayong 5, and Kasetsart 50, were used to study growth and development. It was found that accumulation of temperature (heat sum) influence growth and development of these varieties. Varieties, Rayong 5 and Rayong 90 (branching varieties) developed more branches and number of leaves per day than Rayong 1 and Kasetsart 50 (less branching varieties). The data was used to calculate genetic coefficient in the growth simulation model, the results are quite attractive. The model was used to estimate yield potential in farmer field at Khon Kaen and found the best fit with high precision (>90%). Variety Rayong 90 is good for Satuk and Korat soil series. Kasetsart 50 is good for Yasothorn soil series. This finding will help farmer in choosing the appropriate variety for their field. Also, this finding can be used to estimate cassava production when used with GIS technology.

1.2.2 Slasher and soil covering of sugar-cane residual

1.2.3 Solution of starch contamination in sugar-cane juice to prevent problems in high quality sugar industries.

Contamination of starch in sugar mill process can happen since harvesting. The appropriate practice to prevent this problem is cutting the cane at 60-80 cm below the top eyes or 100-120 cm below the top leaf collar, or remove all leaves and leaves sheath before cutting the cane. For the sugar mill, do not process only any one variety at a time, particularly variety K 84-200 which is higher starch contamination was found compare to other varieties.

1.2.4 Development of farmers participatory in cassava production to prevent soil erosion

Growing cassava on a steeply slop result to more soil erosion when compared to other crops. Previous researches found many solution methods but farmers� adoption still low because cassava farmers are not yet realized its problem, result to higher cost for cassava production are found instead. Therefore, the verification trials were carried out on farmers� field with farmer participation.

After the trials, farmers are encourage to select 4-5 methods to test in their own fields and dissemination the technology to their neighbour. The result found that growing vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizaniodes) across the slope is the method most farmers choose. In 1994-2001 there are 865 farmers in 21 villages, of 20 sub districts, in 19 districts of 8 provinces use this method. About 129.8 Km of vetiver grass planted were recorded. 65% or 2.6 t/rai of soil was collected. Cassava yield increase from 4.8 to 5.6 t/rai.

1.2.5 Reducing cost of maize production after rice with no tillage

Soil preparation costs about 18% of total cost for maize planting after rice. Furthermore, it take time to wait for the soil to dry enough for ploughing, result to late planting for maize which about 20% of yield will decrease from late planting. Planting maize after rice without ploughing, not only reduce cost but also maize can be planted earlier. Normal ploughing planting yielded 1,498 kg/rai which higher than no ploughing (1,408 kg/rai) but not statistically difference.

1.2.6 Storage pest control by controlling storage ambient environment

Control of environment in the storage area can reduced about 100% of storage pest. This methods is:

1. Pile up 5-10 tons of maize on a concrete floor

2. Cover the maize with a thin (0.1 mm) plastic sheet

3. Press the plastic sheet with 4 inches sand bags around the sheet rim against the floor.

4. Insert a small tube in to the maize pile, then cover the tube neatly

5. Suck out the air from the maize pile with an aspirator for 15-20 minutes

6.Pull out the small tube from the maize pile and press the plastic sheet with sand bag.

7. With in 7 days, many insect pest died on the maize pile near the plastic sheet.

1.2.7 Soybean planting after rice on rice stool

Environment save, reducing cost from straw burning and weed control, which is the farmers� practice in the flat area. Total cost is only 1,847 Baht or 675 Baht less than normal method. Soybean yield is 222 kg/rai or 12% higher. This method procedure are:

1. Making furrow with 1.5-3 metre between furrow which depend on soil type
2. Flooding the soil with irrigation water 5-10 cm depth or until the top of rice straw floating
3. Broadcast 15-20 kg/rai of soybean seed, then harrowed until the seed drop to the soil
4. Drain 2-3 cm depth of water out of the soil
5. Broadcast 13 kg/rai of 0-46-0 fertilizer after drainage
6. 3-4 times of furrow irrigation
7. Insect and disease control are as normal recommendation

1.2.8 TAK-FA 2 a new cotton variety increase Thai clothes value

Tak-Fa 2, a new cotton variety, has been registered by DOA in 2001. It is only a long staple and high quality fibre variety at present. This variety increase Thai clothes quality standard. In addition, to increase clothes quality standard must start from cotton wool production, such as thread production and appropriate clothes making. In co-operation with Thai cotton association, zoning of production of this cotton variety in Nakhon Sawan, Tak, Kampangphet, Kangana Buri, Nakhon Ratchasima, Loei and Prachin Buri have been done. A simple cotton spinning machine Medleri-Charka from Chiang Mai University has been developed to increase efficiency of spinning quality and time saving.

In collaboration with DOA�s Technology Information Centre. Appropriate area for growing four economic field crops were created. These were for, Sugar-cane, Cassava, Field corn, and Soy bean production. Some small adjustments are under taken. Finally, theses crops simulation model will be tested and validated in the area assigned to maximized the production and prediction precision.

2.2 GAP for economic crops

Ten GAP for some economic field crops have been done. These are Cassava, Sugar-cane, Fresh cane juice, Field corn, Sweet corn, Baby corn, Soy bean, Vegetable soy bean, Cotton, and Pea-nut. Another 3 crops are under going, these are Mung bean, Sesame, and Sunflower.

1. Verification plot

Appropriate Technology Transfer to suit the farmers� need

Chalerm-2