Introduction
UFOs had been sighted throughout our recorded history. There are examples of these sightings from the cave man�s drawing to clear footage of UFOs on film.
But majority of these sightings does not give us any solid evidences that scientist could study in their laboratory. As scientist we are accustomed to studying our evidence under controlled conditions. Most of us would love to put a UFO under a microscope and study its every detail from end to end. But unfortunately this is not the case when studying UFOs. It would help us if each sighting were accompanied by physical evidence such as photos, residual radiation or marks on the ground. The lack of evidence has made the study extremely difficult. In the history of modern day UFO era alone there are more than thousand cases reported each year to various organization such as APRO, MUFON. It has become the responsibility of researchers like us to sift through the midst and study these cases individually. It is this author's opinion that we must study each and every case thoroughly regardless of its conditions. It is only once the each case is studied completely can we either dismiss or accept the sighting.
There is a significant amount of sightings that could easily be identified as misidentification of natural phenomenon. Unusual cloud formations, refraction of light through cirrus clouds, moon dogs, sun dogs and other natural phenomenon account for 32% of the UFO sightings.
Some of these cases could easily be dismissed as genuine misidentification of natural phenomenon. While other UFOs could easily be explained by natural or artificial terrestrial object. During late March of 1967 a number of residence in southern Canada reported a bright UFO streak across the sky at night. After some investigation this was dismissed as the broken up re entry of the cripple USSR satellite. While another frequent celestial object that is sighted, as a UFO is the planet Venus, Mars or star Beetlejuice in the Orion constellation. This star could be easily seen during the late evening in the winter days just above the horizon. This star appears brilliant and blinking due to refraction of light through the heavy winter air. These sightings account for 26%of the total sightings.
Yet in the midst of these vast number of genuine cases there are hoaxes. Some of these could easily be dismissed as such by competent researchers. Bu then there those few hoaxes even the best could not break. The case of contactee George Adamski is one of the best examples of this. These case account for 15% of the total number of sightings reported.


After sorting out this mess of data, we come across a number of genuine UFO sightings that we just could not explain. These sightings could not be identified as true UFOs, yet they do not fall into any known class. I am tempted to say that these sightings lack enough evidence or description to identify them. But the truth is that these 22% of sightings just couldn�t be identified.
That means we are left with small 5% of sightings that we couldn�t easily explain is what interest this author. Most of these cases offer over helming evidence towards extra terrestrial space craft theory. They could not be explained as natural phenomenon, misidentification of natural, terrestrial or celestial objects. It is on these cases that this author has decided to concentrate. This author believes that the study of these cases would result in solving the UFO mystery. Most of my reader and my critics would be wondering if this small 5% would be sufficient to keep our interest in this subject.
The answer is YES. Ironically my theories and arguments could be easily challenged if this amount was any greater. Each year more than a couple of hundreds of UFO sightings are reported each year. Out of this more than half of them could be easily dismissed. That leaves us about 100 sightings. 5% of 100, is 5 sightings. That is, in a normal year the average number of genuine UFO sightings is about 5. Over the last half a century this number would be about 250 sightings. Another 10% of these sightings could also be deducted as those that had somehow escaped the scrutiny of the experts. Another word we have 225 true genuine UFO sightings all over the world in the last 50 years

History
UFO sightings have been reported through out our recorded history. One of the best ways to give a complete history of this phenomenon is to outline some of the key important cases. Importance of these cases can vary and depend on the researcher. To my satisfaction these are some of the important cases. They may or may not cases that prove the extraterrestrial vehicle theory. But each of these cases gives us a unique insight to the many aspect of this phenomenon.

One of the classics examples of a UFO sighting could be found in the history of Egypt. During the reign of Thutmose III, in the year 22, of the third month of the winter, the sixth hour of the day scribes of the house of life saw an object that they described as � circle of fire in the sky�. They also described it has having no head, foul odor coming from it�s breadth. The body was one rod (16.5 ft [5m]) long by one rod wide. This is a classic example with its circular appearance and peculiar smell that is frequently identified with many modern day UFO sightings.

Even more amazing sightings could be found in the bible. Both Elijah and Ezekiel were taken to heaven in a whirlwind. Ezekiel account of the sighting is more comprehensive and detailed. From the description Ezekiel gives in the �book of Ezekiel�, Joseph F. Blumrich, senior executive at NASA�s Marshal Space Flight Center reconstructed the space ship that prophet saw. According to Blumrich it was an elaborate device like a quadruple helicopter.
In 329 BCE Alexander, son of the king Philips of Macedonia, and his were crossing the river Jaxartes into India when they spotted two �shining silver shields� dive repeatedly into the military column causing fear among the soldier and dispersing the horses. In his conquest Alexander the great again saw a UFO in 322 BCE. His army was besieging the city of Tyer in Pheonicia ( the modern Lebanon). Armies on both sides saw a large �flying shield� moving in triangular formation with four other smaller �shields�. The story goes on to say that suddenly the largest UFO shot a beam of light at the city wall driving a holes through it, which the Roman army went through to capture the city. Again both these account is typical of modern day UFOs in every aspects.
In 1290 monks in the Byland Abbey in Yorkshire , England, saw a �a flat round shining silvery object� that flew over the abbey causing terror and fear. In 1113 a group of churchmen from France was in a town in Wessex, England when they observed a dragon come up out of the sea, �breathing fire out f its nostrils�. Many UFO enthusiasts will notice the characteristic of UFOs coming out of water that is observed today.

During world war II American and allied plots often encounter mysteries, glowing objects as they flew into battle. These objets could faster and out maneuvers any plane known at that time. The pilots called then �foo� fighter. �Foo�, is a French word used in describing fire. Another word, �foo fighters� can be translated as �fire fighters�. USAF assumed that they were some kind of highly advanced Nazi devices. But after the war no traces of such device was ever found. We later learned that the Germans, Russians and the Japanese in the eastern front had also encounter these foo fighters. Foo fighters are rearly photographed. Here is a photo of two foo fighters trailing Lysanders aircraft of the RAF during World War II in Europe.
The first UFO wave in the modern era was in 1947. It was also in 1947 that two of the most important and vital UFO cases took pace. N 24th June 1047, an Idaho businessman Kenneth Arnold, an experienced pilot, was searching in the Cascade Mountains for the crashed Marine Corps C-46 pane. During his search he spotted a bright flash coming from nine objects flying in formation. He was surprised to find them traveling over 1,700mph, well beyond the speed of any known aircraft. Arnold reported his sighting when he landed at Pendleton, Oregon. He described them as flying �like a saucer would if you skipped it across the water�.
From these word came the now famous term, �flying saucers�.

By now the wave was at it�s full height and the entire nation was at grip with this phenomenon. Some newspapers in California offered $50,000 for any solid evidence of extraterrestrial. And it was less than a fortnight from the Kenneth Arnold �s sighting that the nation was shocked to hear that the military in fact had finally captured a crashed UFO in Roswell, New Mexico. At 9:45pm on July 2nd of 1947, hardware dealer and his wife who were sitting on their front porch spotted a �big glowing object� traveling at high speed towards southeast towards Corona, NM. On this particular night the area was under sever lightning with the atmosphere charges with high electric charge. This type of weather is not unusual to this part of the country. This object was also sighted over White Sands and detected on their radar. It was confirmed by Albuquerque and Roswell radar. They tracked it as it flew towards Roswell.
On that same night Mac Brazel, key witness on this sighting thought he heard a loud explosion. This sound was louder than the noisy thunderstorm that night. Mac Brazel is foster rancher about 30 miles from Corona and 75 miles Northwest of Roswell. The next while he was tending to his sheep he came across the wreckage that spread about 400 yards across. The debris was �metallic, foil-like substance� which was very thin, pliable and tough. He could not crease it or give it a permanent bend. At the request of his friends Mac Brazel informed of what he had found on his ranch when he went to Roswell. Major Jesse Marcel and a Counter Intelligence Corps agent went to collect the debris. The next few days the troops descended on the site to collect the debris and to place a security blanket.
While this was unfolding, on July 8th civil engineer Grady L. Barnett and group of archeology students found the major impact point of the UFO. They saw a disk metallic shaped object about 30ft in diameter with a split open. There were two bodies out and one inside. They were small, hairless humanoids with large head, wearing gray, one-piece suits without fasteners. Within minutes the arm descended on this crash site almost as if they never were to look for it. Again the security was tight. No one was allowed in or through the area and witness were �advised� to forget what they had seen. Although this incident became international new at that time, it was soon forgotten because of the efforts of the AF. That was until almost half a century later when two searchers, Kevin D. Randle and Donald R. Schmidtt, publish their finding in a book.

The country was again shocked in January 7th 1948 when Captain Thomas Mantell died chasing a UFO over Kentucky. The UFO first spotted around 1:20pm by a highway patrolman who reported it to the Godman Field AF base. Residence of Maysville, Owensboro and Irvington also reported a UFO moving towards the west.
At 2:45pm six F-51s of the UD Air National Guard arrived and the Godman base commander requested them to investigate the boggy. One F-51 landed due to low fuel and three more turned back and landed. The group leader, Captain Thomas Mantell, a veteran World War II fighter, chased after the UFO. He described the UFO as �metallic and tremendous in size�. At 3:15pm the base lost sight of his plane and lost communication with the plane. The wreckage of F-51 was found on a farm near Franklin, KY after 5pm. His watch had stopped at 3:18pm which indicated the exact time of the impact. Some speculate that his watch stopped because of the UFO�s magnetic field. The wreckage d the plane was filled with tiny holes as if something had fire on it.

The UFO flap took place in 1952, and the summer of that year the nation again shocked when a locale flap took place over Washington DC. On the nights of 19th and 20th between 11:40pm and 5:00am two radars covering Washington picked eight UFOs flying over restricted air space. At time they accelerated to phenomenon speed. They were also reported by airline pilots. Jet interceptor arrives at 3:30am after investigating another sighting over New Jersey. When the jet arrived the UFOs disappeared. The UFO was also sighted visually over Andrews AFB. And on the nights of 26-27 around 9:00pm six to 12 UFOs performed similar maneuvers. Again jet interceptors were dispatched from Wilmington, DE. When the jets arrived on the scene UFOs disappeared. Ten minutes after the jet left UFOs reappeared. This went on till around 6 in the morning. The Blue Book project explained this as a result of �temperature inversion�. On that particular night the temperature inversion was less than 10 and this certainly couldn�t explain visual sightings.

Since my research into the propulsion system of UFOs, I am convinced that their mode of moment comes from their powerful magnetic field engines. This case proves this theory. Ronald Sulivan was driving on a straight stretch of road about 9 miles East of Bealiba, Australia on the night of April 4th 1966 when suddenly his head light beams bent towards the right. He immediately slammed on his brakes and stopped. When he looked outside he was treated to a brilliant light coming from the near by field. Then the object rose into the air and vanished.

One of the best photographic evidence for UFOs came in January 16th 1958 in South Atlantic Ocean near Trinidad Island. The sighting took place aboard training ship "Almirante Saldhana". Around 12:00 noon two civilian on board saw two brightly light objects approaching the ship. They shouted to Almiro Barauna, a photographer, to take some photos of the object. He took six clear photos of the object as the UFO swung behind the mount Desegado, reappeared and then flew away. Many of the 48 crew on the deck saw the object except for the Captain Carlos Alberto Bacellor who was in his cabin. Year later the Ground Saucer Watch group analyzed the photo and declared and authentic.
A few times UFOs are have also been credit for disappearance of planes, ships and humans. Many can be found in "Bermuda Triangle" by Charles Berlitz. Yet this classic case took placed on 21at of October 1978 over the Bass Strait in Australia. Twenty year old Fredrick Valentich took from Melbourne at 6:12pm on a Cassna 102 on his way to King Island. At 7:06pm Valentich contacted ground control and asked if there was another aircraft in his vicinity below 5,000ft. He informed them that he had seen four bright lights pass him at 1000ft. He was unable to identify the aircraft.
"It is not an aircraft.... it has a long shape ... coming for me right now..." Valentich informed them. Then the object vanished. At this moment Valentich's engine were rough-idling and coughing. He the suddenly shouted
"Unknown aircraft now on top of me."
"Acknowledge" said Melbourne ground control.
That was the last word ground control heard from him before the Cassna vanished. There was about 17 seconds of "metallic noise" before the Cassna disappeared. At 7:28pm an extensive search was launched but no trace was ever found.
It was June 23rd 1950 and Northwest flight 2501 was west bound out of La Guardia airport, NY to Seattle, WA. At exactly 11:37pm the captain of the DC-4 reported passing check point Battle Creek, MI and reported at ETA of 51 minutes to the next check point Milwaukee. Till this day this plane had not arrived at this check pint. When the plane was over due the Coast Guard was immediately notified since it was flying over the Great Lakes when the plane vanished. Till this day not even the tiniest scrap of debris was ever discovered. On the same night around 1:00am two policemen in Milwaukee watched a bright red flowing object for about ten minutes over Lake Michigan. Meanwhile fishermen in the White Fish Bay of Lake Michigan also observed this object about the same time the DC-4 vanished.

Our space program and our progress in space travel had been closely watched by these UFOnants. This includes our first manned satellite. Uri Gagarin spotted a brilliant object keeping space with Sputnik I.
During the Apollo 12 mission on November 1969, through their telescope many saw two flashing UFOs accompany the spacecraft bound for the moon. This was confirmed by the crew Charles "pete" Conrad, Dick Gordon and Alan Bean. These objects also appeared on NASA's radar.
There are also confirmed and unconfirmed rumors that some of our astronauts have sighted saucer shaped UFOs over the moon. Some researchers such as David Childress and other have even indicated that they have found photographic evidence in the possession of NASA.
On September 14, 1957 the Rio newspaper O Globo published a report by the columnist Ibrahim Sued stating that there had been a witnesses to a UFO explosion over the sea near Ubatuba, Sau Palo Brazil. The eyewitnesses were on the beach when they noticed a �flying disc� approach at fantastic speed and pull up to avoid striking the water. Still traveling rapidly it exploded in the air. A witness sent three small fragments to Mr. Sued who later handed it to the Brazilian UFO investigator, Dr. Olavo T. Fontes.
These fragments were numbered 1, 2, and 3 for testing. At the Mineral Production Laboratory a division of the National Department of Mineral Production in the Agricultural Ministry of Brazil, Dr. Louisa Maria A. Barbosa burned a small of the sample 1in an arc and determined it is magnesium. Then a second piece was burned in a large Hilger Spectrograph to determine the metallic impurities present. Surprisingly there were no traces of any other metallic elements � a very spectacular pure magnesium. Since magnesium purity is so unusual it was decided that an X-ray crytallograph test should be done to confirm the non-metallic constituents. Dr. Tavora Filho head of the Laboratory of crytallography conducted the sophisticated X-ray diffraction test. The result showed pure magnesium with a trace of hydroxyl radicals such as magnesium hydroxide.
The researchers were in for a big surprise when the next three consecutive tests all showed a density (specific gravity) of 1.866. The expected density of magnesium is 1.742. Everyone was baffled. Dr. Fontes suggested three possible explanations,
1. The Crystallography test shows standard hexagonal close-packed crystals.
2. Hydroxide was present in too small an amount to account for the discrepancy
3. The density ratio gave no ground for reliance on an unusual isotope ratio.

I totally disagree with the third conclusion. My computation gives a strong indication that fragment 1 was pure isotope magnesium 26. This phenomenal purity is still a mystery and unheard even with today�s chemical technology.
The remaining fragments sent to APRO to be tested in the United States. Oak Ridge and Dow Chemical both tested sub-pieces of one fragment. The tests showed that it contained much as thousand parts per million of aluminum in such a quantity not expected in commercially produced pure magnesium. A fragment subpiece was also given to the US Air Force although they would not allow any APRO representatives to be present during the tests. The Air Force reported they had burned up the sample in spectrometer test and requested more, APRO naturally refused.
The remaining fragments were turned over to the University of Colorado UFO project. Dr. Roy Craig decided on the neutron-activation procedure, an economical test. In the process a small piece was placed at the center of an atomic reactors where it radiates neutrons, making the material radioactive. It then placed in a gamma-ray-spectrometer, which can identify elements to within a few parts per million. These results indicated that the fragments may as pure magnesium as the Brazilians thought. These were absences of elements that are difficult to remove and presence in greater amounts of elements easily removed if desired, such as barium ad strontium. These different test results can easily be explained. Any space vehicle would be constructed from different alloys and when it blows up the debris is shuffled better than a deck of card.

Overview
So as we can see from the history of UFOs, the phenomenon is not unique to the imagination of the 20th century space travel culture. Although UFOs comes in every shape, size and color, there is an underlining characteristic that cannot be overlooked. It is important to note that not every unusual occurrence or phenomenon should NOT be categorized as a UFO sighting. Two classic personal examples could easily explain this point.
The first occurred in a small town few miles north of Austin called Georgetown, Texas. A rancher found a couple of his cows mutilated and he called the APRO branch in Austin to complain. I drove up to his ranch and spent about three hours investigating and asking questions. Before I left him I politely informed him that his cows were not mutilated by Aliens in a flying saucer. I pointed out that more than likely his cows were killed by some animal.
The second case is even funnier. A couple of hikers in north Oregon called the local APRO to point out that they had just seen Big Foot. APRO operators politely informed them to contact another organization that investigates such cases.

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