How Does the Ocean Floor Suddenly Move?
By Phil Rossoni, Exhibit Models
In the case of the Sumatra Quake of 12/26/2005, stress was released along a fault called a subduction zone. A subduction zone involves two tectonic plates being trust together where one plate is being forced under another plate. The plates get stuck and slowly rise or fall over centuries until the fault can no longer hold the stress and a large change in the sea floor elevation can happen suddenly.
Illustration from USGS Earthquakes Hazard Program

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