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| By the middle of 1947, it was obvious that the many social programs undertaken by Evita with characteristic speed required an organizational structure. The Eva Per�n Foundation was created, in her words, �to fill in gaps in the national organization.� The largest of these gaps were in aid to women, children, and the elderly. In these three areas, the Foundation sponsored an uninterrupted series of projects, from homes for the aged and shelters for abandoned women and single mothers to childcare centers, specialized hospitals, athletic leagues for youths, a nursing school, and housing for workers. Financial support for the Foundation was granted through laws passed by the parliament, as well as through contributions from the labor unions, with whom Evita maintained a close relationship until the end of her life. While contributions were not mandatory, the implications of refusing a Foundation appeal were clear: it was not in one�s interest to decline. Her personal executive style maintained the pace of work at the Foundation. She supervised each project�during construction and in its operation�and she visited all of them frequently, often accompanied by foreigners who were traveling through the country. Evita insisted that everything be done on a grand scale, even (and especially) projects intended for the poorest recipients. By contrast, her own life was exceptionally austere. She did not smoke or drink alcohol, ate sparingly, and attended few private parties. At major official events, she was always at the side of Per�n on the balcony of the Casa Rosada. Although her illness, uterine cancer, was first diagnosed in 1950, she chose not to have an operation at that time because she had too much to do. One senses that Evita was acutely aware that she had little time left to complete what she saw as her mission, and it drove her to work herself even harder. While it is unlikely that her illness influenced her refusal of the candidacy for vice-president, this episode still needs to be studied and clarified. Her candidacy had been proposed for some time, backed by the labor unions, and she had made no objection to it. In a memorable dialogue with an exceptionally large crowd in August 1951, she tried to proclaim her withdrawal from �the honor, but not the fight.� It was rejected by acclamation. The crowd in the square below was electrified at the sound of her voice over the loudspeakers and, as was often the case, her speech turned into a dialogue, with a shouted chorus of responses from the multitude. She asked for time to decide. Four days (�No!�), one day (�No!�), two hours (�No! Now!�). Her communication with the people reached an unprecedented intensity; even Per�n must have been astounded by that night. A few days later, she announced her official withdrawal on the radio. Confined by illness to the Presidential Residence, which she left less and less often, on May 1, 1952, she spoke for the last time from the balcony of the Casa Rosada. In sharp contrast to her wasted body, her speech on this occasion was the most combative she had ever given. The end was near and it had only made her more impassioned. �I will go with the working people, I will go with the women of the country, I will go with the descamisados (the �shirtless� poor) of our nation, dead or alive, to make sure that the only bricks left standing are Per�nist!� |
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