Nish

This is the first language I worked on in connection with my fictional world, which in this language was called Domil. I worked on it when I was between 13 and 15 and then abandoned it, but I now work on other languages associated with the same world. Below is most of what I invented about the language, which is not a lot of vocabulary, but quite a bit of inflection - 3 numbers: singular, dual and plural; 4 (natural, not grammatical) genders: thing/inanimate, feminine, masculine, and neuter/animate; 4 cases: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive (but only for articles); past (pt.) and future (fut.) tenses, both near (n.) and distant (d.). I don't think I invented a name for the language when I was working on it, but I'm now calling it Nish, which is its word for "language". The roman-type orthography is rather inadequate, since it doesn't distinguish, for instance, between tense and lax "i", which is in fact the only distinguishing feature between til "star, sg." (with lax i) and til "the, feminine plural nominative" (with tense i). Stressed syllables of polysyllabic words are underlined in the roman spelling. I've tried to put up a phonetic representation in X-SAMPA.

ENGLISH ROMAN TYPE PHONETIC
star til
dl. tilith, pl. tili
tIl
tIlIT, tIli
starry, starlike tilan tIl{n
tower tiria
dl. tiriath, pl. tiriai
tIr\i@
tIr\i{T, tIr\iai
towerlike tirian tIr\i{n
sun ariyas a4ij{s
moon yeir jeIr\
wander alanya
pt.n. alanyel, pt.d. alanyol
ft.n alanyes, ft.d. ayos
{l{nj@
{l{njEl, {l{njol
{l{njEs, {l{njos
planet (lit. wander-star)
in an astronomical sense
alanyatil
dl. alanyatilith, pl. alanyatili
{l{njetIl
{l{nj@tIlIT, {l{nj@tIli
planet emil emIl
day (lit. sun-wander) ariyalanya
dl. ariyalanyath, pl. ariyalan
a4ij{l{ny@
a4ij{l{ny{T, a4ij{l{nyi
eye ik
dl. ikith, pl. Iki
Ik
IkIT, Iki
ocean, sea nar nar\
Far
[fictional being of mine]
far
dl. farith, pl. fari
far\
far\IT, far\i
English
(lit. everywhere-language)
Ongnilnish ANnIlniS
everywhere Angnil oNnIl
land, country termil tEr\mil
the world Domil domIl
coward, unfaithful nos nAs
woman ar ar\
































Since the articles are quite complex, marking 4 genders, 4 cases and 3 numbers, I'm going to put them by themselves here:

Definite article:
MASCULINE Singular Dual Plural
Nominative pel [pEl] pal [p{l] pil [pil]
Accusative pen [pEn] pan [p{n] pin [pin]
Dative peng [pEN] pang [p{N] ping [piN]
Genitive pem [pEm] pam [p{m] pim [pim]








The other genders differ from the masculine only by their initial consonants: the feminine form starts with t, the neuter/animate form starts with n, and the thing/inanimate gender starts with s.

The indefinite article is basically the definite article in reverse, with "y" [j] substituted for unallowable initial "ng" [N]. In the plural, the indefinite article has a meaning similar to English "some".

Indefinite article:
MASCULINE Singular Dual Plural
Nominative lep [lEp] lap [l{p] lip [lIp]
Accusative nep [nEp] nap [n{p] nip [nip]
Dative yep [jEp] yap [y{p] yip [jIp]
Genitive mep [mEp] map [m{p] mip [mip]








The other genders of the indefinite article are formed by changing the last consonant: t for the feminine form, n for the neuter/animate form, and s for the thing/inanimate form.


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