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                  PARTICIPANTE: EMWID E. CASTILLO D.   C. I.: 12.366.125

 

TRABAJO 8 -  IDIOMA BÀSICO INTENSIVO

El participante debe investigar What`s The Noun Phrase give examples. The Verb Phrase with examples and The Phrasal verbs, with examples (In English)?

 

 

THE NOUN PHRASES

A noun phrase consists of a pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, adjective clauses, and other nouns in the possessive case.

Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition, as in the following examples:

subject

Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.

object of a verb

To read quickly and accurately is Eugene's goal.

object of a preposition

The arctic explorers were caught unawares by the spring breakup.

subject complement

Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.

object complement

I consider Loki my favorite cat.

 

A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or a group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.

 

EXAMPLES OF NOUN PHRASES:

EG: John was late.

('John' is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb.)

EG: The people that I saw coming in the building at nine o'clock have just left.

('The people ... nine o'clock' is a lengthy noun phrase, but it functions as the subject of the main verb 'have just left'.)

 

 

THE VERB PHRASES

A verb phrase consists of a verb, its direct and/or indirect objects, and any adverb, adverb phrases, or adverb clauses which happen to modify it. The predicate of a clause or sentence is always a verb phrase:

Corinne is trying to decide whether she wants to go to medical school or to go to law school.

 

He did not have all the ingredients the recipe called for; therefore, he decided to make something else.

 

After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.

We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m.

 

 

The Phrasal Verbs:

 

A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and preposition, a verb and adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and preposition, any of which are part of the syntax (of the sentence), and so are a complete semantic unit. Its sentences may, however, contain direct and indirect objects in addition to the phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are particularly frequent in the English language. A phrasal verb often has a meaning which is different from the original verb.

 

 

Example:

Many verbs in English can be combined with an adverb or a preposition, and readers or listeners will easily understand a phrasal verb used in a literal sense with a preposition:

  • "He walked across the square."

Verb and adverb constructions can also easily be understood when used literally:

  • "She opened the shutters and looked outside."
  • "When he heard the crash, he looked up."

An adverb in a literal phrasal verb modifies the verb it is attached to, and a preposition links the subject to the verb.

It is, however, the figurative or idiomatic application in everyday speech which makes phrasal verbs so important:

  • "I hope you will get over your operation quickly."
  • "Work hard, and get your examination over."

Phrasal verbs that contain adverbs are sometimes called "particle verbs", and are related to separable verbs in other Germanic languages. There are two main patterns: intransitive and transitive. An intransitive particle verb does not have an object:

  • “When I entered the room he looked up.”

A transitive particle verb has a nominal object in addition to the adverb. If the object is an ordinary noun, it can usually appear on either side of the adverb, although very long noun phrases tend to come after the adverb:

  • Switch off the light.
  • Switch the light off.
  • Switch off the lights in the hallway next to the bedroom the president is sleeping in.

With some transitive particle verbs, however, the noun object must come after the adverb. Such examples are said to involve "inseparable" phrasal verbs:

  • The gas gave off fumes. (not *The gas gave fumes off.)

Still other transitive particle verbs require the object to precede the adverb:

  • They let the man through. (not *They let through the man.)

With all transitive particle verbs, if the object is a pronoun, it must normally precede the adverb:

  • Switch it off. (not *Switch off it.)
  • The gas gave them off. (not *gave off them)
  • They let him through. (not *they let through him)

Prepositional verbs are phrasal verbs that contain a preposition, which is always followed by its nominal object. They are different from inseparable transitive particle verbs, because the object still follows the preposition if it is a pronoun:

  • On Fridays, we look after our grandchildren.
  • We look after them. (not *look them after)

The verb can have its own object, which usually precedes the preposition:

  • She helped the boy to an extra portion of potatoes.
  • with pronouns: She helped him to some.

Prepositional verbs with two prepositions are possible:

  • We talked to the minister about the crisis.

A phrasal verb can contain an adverb and a preposition at the same time. Again, the verb itself can have a direct object:

  • no direct object: The driver got off to a flying start.
  • direct object: Onlookers put the accident down to the driver’s loss of concentration.

 

Exercises

 

Identify the head in each of the following bracketed noun phrases:

 

1.- [Cats] make very affectionate pets.

 

2.- [The editor] rejected the manuscript.

 

3.- We drove through [an enormous forest] in Germany.

 

4.- [People who cycle] get very wet.

 

5.- We really enjoy [the funny stories he tells]

 

6.- I like [the title of your book]

 

7.- I enjoy eating [in Indian restaurants]

 

8.- [The roads from Paris] were blocked.

 

9.- [The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons] is the Prime Minister.

 

10.- [The Canadian House of Commons] was abolished in 1801.

 

11.- [The Coat of Arms] was introduced by King Richard I.

 

12.- We saw [the boy running down the street].

 
 

Verbs Phrases
Review Verb Tense
I. In the following sentences, identify whether the highlighted verb or compound verb is formed correctly:
 

1. Beryl had wringed all of water out of the clothes before she hung them on the line.

        

          1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

2. Last night the wind shooked the house so much that I could not sleep.

 

         1. This verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This verb is not correctly formed.

 

3. Once he had written a letter or two, he went upstairs and listened to his short-wave radio.

 

         1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

4. The planes have flew over this neighbour for twenty years.

 

         1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

5. The child who had been caught stealing bread was hanged at noon.

 

         1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

6. I betted my entire salary on a nag named Mephibosheth.

 

         1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

7. After Lilith defied Adam, God cast her out of Paradise.

 

         1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

 

8. The bells of the tower have rang for three hours in honour of the passing a generous soul.

 

         1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

9. The walls of the trenches that had been digged yesterday collapsed in the torrential downpour.

 

         1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
         
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

10. Marilla has forbade us to play in the hayloft while she is away.

 

          1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
          
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

 

 

II. Identify all the verbs in the following extract.
 

Her pace slowed and an ache spread from between her shoulders. Vapours swirled and banked; the light of on-coming headlights drained out of the car. [...] Sodium street lamps burned phosphorescent holes in the fog, but as she turned off Main Street to the cottage she noticed the one which illuminated the alley was out.

 

1. He plays the piano in a jazz club 

 Present 
 Past 
 Infinitive 
 -ed 
 -ing

2. David is singing in the shower again

 Present 
 Past 
 Infinitive 
 -ed 
 -ing

3. He was told not to laugh at  policemen

 Present 
 Past 
 Infinitive 
 -ed
 -ing

4. His arm swelled up after the accident

 Present 
 Past 
 Infinitive 
 -ed
 -ing

5. The population has increased by 6% since 1970 

 Present 
 Past 
 Infinitive 
 -ed
 -ing

 

Phrasal verbs

 

I. Fill in the following verbs (believe, fill, get, look, put, switch, take, throw, turn, try) with the correct prepositions (away, down, for, in, off, on, out).

 

Example: My parents are out. So I have to ________ my baby-brother.
Answer: My parents are out. So I have to look after my baby-brother.

 

1. Quick! get in the bus. It's ready to leave.
 

2. I don't know where my book is. I have to    look for    it.
 

3. Its dark inside. Can you  turn on   the light, please?
 

4.  Fill in  the form, please.
 

5. I need some new clothes. Why don't you  try on   the jeans?
 

6. It’s warm inside  take off.  Your coat.
 

7. This pencil is really old. You can  throw it away.
 

8. It’s so loud here. Can you  turn off  the radio, please?
 

9. The firemen were able to turn off the fire in Church Street.
 

10. Does your little brother  believe in  ghosts?

 

II. Instructions: Complete each sentence with a suitable word. In text boxes, type just ONE word.

 

1. She felt a little chilly so she put 

 on
 off
 out

her sweater.

2. He lives in London but often goes 

 over
 along
 down

to Paris on business.

3. She lives in Scotland but often goes 

 over
 along
 down

to London on business

4. The baby has red hair. He takes 

 up
 in
 after

his Irish mother.

5. Come on, John, drink 

 down
 up
 in

or we'll miss the train."

7. They took 

 in
off
out

a mortgage to buy their new house .

 

Teacher to students:

 

I'm afraid I haven't got enough copies of this exercise. so

 

I tried to have more run  over  but the photocopier

 

had broken  down  and the repairman

 

didn't turn  on   when he was supposed to.

 

He did ring  in  to say he'd been

 

held  on  unexpectedly, but that's the second

 

time that company has let us  off  recently.

 

Well, there's nothing else for it: you're just going to have  around

 

to look  for  with your neighbour. While you're doing

 

that, I'll just give  away  the test you did last week.

 

Some of you slipped  off in a few places,

 

but, on the whole, the results were good. If you try

 

carry  on  as you've been doing, you should do fine!"
 

 

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