|
Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910. On August 27, 1910, she was christened Agnes-Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She was the last of three children. She had an elder sister, Aga and an elder brother, Lazar. Her sister and her were actively involved in church activities. They were both a part of the choir and were affectionately known as the 'nightingales' of the church. Her brother received a scholarship to study in Austria and he therefore left home at an early age to study in Austria.
Mother Teresa's parents, Nikola and Dranafile were Albanian and were originally from city of Prizren, which was then a part of Yugoslavia. Her father, Nikhola, moved the family to the town of Skopje, Serbia where he became a merchant and an entrepreneur. Her mother, Dranafile, was a housewife. Both the parents made religion and prayer an important part of their family life. They also encouraged a non-materialistic and generous life style. Her mother occupied herself with taking care of elderly people, alcoholic mothers and orphans. As a child, Mother Teresa often accompanied her mother on these trips.
At about the age of twelve, Mother Teresa realized that she wanted to live her life with the poor and God. She discussed this with a Father she assisted in church and asked him how she could be sure about it. He replied that if the thought of it makes her happy, then it is it. And he added: "the deep inner joy that you feel is the compass that indicates your direction in life". At 18, she decided to be a nun. When she discussed this with her mother, her mother spent a whole day alone in a room and when she came out, she held her daughter's hand in hers and told her: "Put Your hand in His and walk all the way with Him."
She left Skopje on September 26, 1928 to become a nun. Many of her friends, relatives and neighbors accompanied her to the station and that was the last time she saw her mother. Other girls who were on the same mission joined her along her journey. Agnes and her colleague landed at Rathfarnham, Dublin and they went to the house of the Loreto Sisters. She stayed at the convent for a few months and then started her journey to India on December 1, 1928. Before sailing for India, Agnes had changed her name from Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu to Sister Mary Teresa of the Child Jesus - after Teresa of Lisieux, the 'Little Flower'.
Mary Teresa, as she was then called, reached Kolkata in January 1929 but went on to Darjeeling to become a Loreto beginner. In May, she received the 'holy habit' (the religious dress of Loreto) and began to learn Bengali and Hindi. She worked as a teacher in a convent in Darjeeling for some time and then moved to Kolkata. She taught in schools in Kolkata too and her affectionate disposition, people called her "Ma".
On May 24, 1937, Mary Teresa finally took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience for life. From that very day, she was renamed as 'Mother Teresa'.
On 10th September 1946, on a train journey, she got what she terms as a "call within a call". She felt she heard the call of God to leave the Convent and help the poor while living amongst them. She discussed this call with a father, Van Exem. And she had to wait to get permission from the Archbishop, her Mother Superior and the Pope to leave the Loretto sisters but still be a part of the Roman Catholic church. She finally received the permission in August 1948, to leave Loreto Order. She was given the 'induct of exclaustration' (meaning - allowing her to leave the Convent and remain as a religious, committed to her vows and under the obedience of Archbishop).
On the evening of August 16, Mother Teresa removed her old religious habit (dress) and wore a new habit of her future 'Missionary of Charity' Order. Her new dress consisted of a simple, cotton, white sari with blue stripes (blue was the color of Virgin Mary) alongwith white habits to be worn under the sari.
At midnight of August 16, Mother Teresa left Loreto Order with only a ticket to Patna and just Rs.5 for other expenditure. In Patna, she worked in the Holy Family Hospital and gained some medical knowledge. She returned from Patna and formed new rules of her 'Missionaries of Charity' in Kolkata. As per the rules of Missionaries of Charity the nuns who would join the Order, would live, dress and eat like the poorest of the poor. They would have to take utmost care of the poor people.
Sister Teresa went to the slums and the streets of Kolkata, to talk with the poor, to help them. She helped them wash the babies, to clean the wounds. The poor people were astonished at the European Lady who was helping them. She began to teach the poor children how to read and write, how to wash and to have some hygiene.
Her first residence cum-office of Missionaries of Charity was a small room on the first floor of Little Sisters of the Poor's Institution in Kolkata. She slept with the Sisters of the Poor. God was her great refuge for strength and material support. She always had faith in him that he would always find the right medicine, clothes, food and a place to receive the poor to be able to help them, make them feel wanted.
On 19th March 1949, a Bengali girl, from a well-off family and former student of Mother Teresa, came to stay with Sister Teresa and help her. She was the first to join her in her work. Soon, other girls followed: in May they were three, in November five, next year seven. Mother Teresa thinks of starting a congregation. On October 7th, 1950, the Papal in Rome approves of the "Constitutions of the Society of the Missionaries of Charity". Thus the Missionaries of Charity began with just twelve members.
However, every year, the number of sisters in it was increasing and so are the volunteers and the people that they need to care for. The society grew in work and number. Mother kept praying for vocations and the work kept growing. In 1965, Pope Paul VI granted Mother Teresa's request to globally expand her order. Now her work spread across the world. Whether it was in Ethiopia feeding the hungry, the ghettos of South Africa or it was her native country Albania when the communist regime collapsed, Kolkata's Mother Teresa "the living saint" was there. In 1982, at the height of the siege in Beirut she convinced the parties to stop the war so she could rescue 37 sick children trapped inside. Mother Teresa went all over the world to help people, rescue children, advise her sisters; to organize and to talk. Her sisters are present in every continent serving the poor and lost.
Mother Teresa became a symbol of untiring commitment to the poor and suffering.
Today Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity has 570 missions all over the world, comprising of 4000 nuns, a brotherhood of 300 members and over100,000 lay volunteers operating homes for AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis patients; soup kitchens, children's and family counseling programs, orphanages, and schools.
By 1992, her health did not permit her to cope with the increasing work. She was prepared to hand over the responsibility but she was re-elected as the Superior General. But in 1996, she suffered a heart attack and she expressed her will not to continue. On March 13th, 1997 the assembly of sisters elected Sister Nirmala to continue the work that Mother Teresa had started.
On September 5th, 1997, late in the evening around 9.30, Mother Teresa passed away quietly in the Mother house in Kolkata. She was 87.
Mother Teresa was often referred to as the "most powerful woman in the world". Her faith in God and her sincerity in serving Him through the poor showed the world the beauty of love. She had touched the lives of many during her life and will continue to do so as she inspires others to believe in the simplest of things---love and faith.
-
1910 August 26: born in Skopje (Shkup), capital of the Kosava vilayet (province), Serbia.
-
August 27, 1910: She was christened Agnes-Gonxha Bojaxhiu
-
1919: her father, Nikhola, dies of a hemorrhage and the family faces poverty and related problems
-
1922: has a feeling that she should serve the poor and becomes an active member of Solidarity of Children of Mary, a Christian society for girls.
-
1928: decides to become a nun
-
September 26, 1928: leaves Skopje to join Loreto sisters in Dublin
-
October 12, 1928: receives postulant's caps at Loreto Abbey, Rathfarnham
-
December 1, 1928: begins journey to India
-
1928: changes her name from Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu to Sister Mary Teresa of the Child Jesus ---- after Teresa of Lisieux, the 'Little Flower'.
-
January 6, 1929: she arrives in Kolkata (now Kolkata).
-
May 23, 1929: she receives the 'holy habit' (the religious dress of Loreto) and begins to learn Hindi and Bengali.
-
May 24, 1931: she becomes a teacher in the Loreto Convent School of Darjeeling. She also works in a small hospital helping the nursing staff.
-
May 24, 1937: Mary Teresa takes vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience for life. She is renamed as 'Mother Teresa'.
-
September 10, 1946: During her journey from Entally to Darjeeling by train, she receives 'the call within a call'. She is to leave the Convent and help the poor while living amongst them.
-
October 1946: returns to Entally and discusses her ambition with Father Van Exem and asks him for direction. The process of speaking to the Pope, Mother Superior and other superiors begins.
-
January 1947: Mother Teresa writes to Archbishop Perier about the 'Will of God'. The Archbishop asks her to wait for a year.
-
January 1948: Archbishop permits Mother Teresa to applying to her own Mother General in Rathfarnham, regarding her leaving the Loreto Order.
-
February 2, 1948: she receives Mother General's letter permitting her to send an application directly to Rome.
-
April 12, 1948: she receives the permission to leave the Loreto Order.
-
August 16, 1948: she removes her old religious habit (dress) and wears a new habit of her future 'Missionary of Charity' Order. Her new dress consists of a white cotton sari with blue stripes.
- Leaves the Loreto order
- She goes to Patna to follow a nursing training with the sisters there
- Eventually goes to Kolkatta and begins to talk to the poor on the streets and slums
-
March 19, 1949: a former student of Mother Teresa joins her as the first to be a part of Mother Teresa's work.
-
7th of October 1950: The "Constitutions of the Society of the Missionaries of Charity" is approved from Rome. At that time, there are 12 sisters.
-
1962: She received the Pandma Shri prize for "extraordinary services"
-
1971: Pope Paul VI honors Mother Teresa by awarding her the first Pope John XXIII Peace Prize.
-
1972: Government of India presents her with the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding.
-
1979: Wins Nobel Peace Prize
-
1985: President Reagan presents her the Medal of Freedom, the highest U.S. civilian award.
-
1992: She is prepared to hand over the responsibility. But she is reelected
-
1996: She becomes only the fourth person in the world to receive an honorary U.S. citizenship.
-
1996: her health fails her and expresses her wish not to continue.
-
March 13th 1997: A new Superior General is elected---Sister Nirmala.
-
September 5th 1997: Mother Teresa passes away at the Mother house in Kolkata.
--
Chitra Bonam
|
|