Erik Manarino

ESLR 1, 2, 4

Totalitarianism/ Democracy in Crisis

Ch. 29

Apartheid- A policy of strict racial separation in South Africa, this was eventually abolished in 1989. The point of the apartheid was to create white economic power

Civil disobedience- Civil disobedience is the refusal to obey just laws. Mohandas Gandhi was man born from a middle class family. Gandhi later came to resent British authority in India and therefore made up civil disobedience.

Diego Rivera- An artist in Mexico who wanted to show off cultural nationalism. He and other artists created a mural of the history of Mexico and their struggle to be independent.

Hirohito- Hirohito reigned from 1926- 1989 an astonishing 63 years. During his rule Japan, had extreme nationalism and economic upheaval as well as its fair share of tragedies.

Jiang Jieshi- After Son’s death in 1925, an energetic young officer named Jiang Jieshi came to power. As a young man he received military training in Japan. His main goal was to reunite China no matter what the government.

Muhammad Ali Jinrah- In the 1930s the Muslim league received a new leader. His name is Muhammad Ail Hinnah. Jinnah was a Muslim with interests in the separation of Muslims and Jews.

Nationalization- Nationalization is when the government takes over of all natural recourses. The Constitution of 1917, which had three major issues were land, religion, and labor, needed nationalization to succeed.

Pancho Villa- A man responsible for killing 17 Americans in Mexico. The US invaded Mexico after what Villa had done.

Cause of the 1910 Mexico Revolution- The cause of the 1910 Mexican Revolution was the economic status as well as social reforms. Peasants were tired of the oppressions they faced and tired of starving.

Pan-Africanism- Pan-Africanism is the unity of Africans to a common descent. This spread nationalism and pride of being black throughout the world.

Mandate System (M. East)- The mandate system in the Middle East was the splitting up of land against the previous countries disapproval. The Ottoman empire, promised it’s independence if they fought, got none and actually had it’s land taken away from them for fighting in WWI.

Great Salt March- The great Salt March was led by Gandhi, in order to band the import of British salt at an outrageous tax. At the beginning of the walk Gandhi had 78 followers and at the sea he had thousands.

May Fourth Movement-On May 4^th, student protests erupted in Beijing and later spread to cities in China. These students were upset that China was giving up its land to a smaller country, without a fight.

Effect of Great Depression in Japan- The effects of the depression in Japan, was devastating. People could no longer afford Japan’s pricey silk, and other exports, so exports drove down, with tremendous speed, leaving workers without food and without any ways of supporting themselves.

CH. 30

General strike- A general strike is one that involves all workers from different fields to strike at once. In 1926, a general strike lasted for 9 days and involved nearly three million workers.

Stream of consciousness- “In this technique, a writer probes a character’s random thoughts and feelings without imposing any logic or order.” Examples of this stream of consciousness can be seen in such novels as To the Lighthouse and Mrs. Dalloway.

Flapper- Flapper was in the US and Europe in the 1920s a rebellious young woman. In the US and Europe the flappers would often smoke, drink, and wear clothes inappropriate for the time.

Concentration camp- A concentration camp is where people are sent when they are considered enemies of the state. In the German reign of Hitler, he had a holocaust killing all of the Jews and sending them all to concentration camps.

Leon Blum- Leon Blum was a socialist leader who, wanted to solve labor problems and the trouble of unemployment. However he was kicked out and France, like Britain faced a series of crisis.

Marie Curie- Marie Curie was born in Poland and raised in France where she learned to work with radioactivity. Curie won a Nobel peace Prize for her work with Radioactivity, but she later died in 1934 from radioactivity poising.

Franklin D. Roosevelt- Roosevelt was written a letter by Einstein stressing that the Germans not be able to get dangerous weapons. He wanted to make sure that the Germans didn’t get a hold of such deadly things.

Virginia Woolf- Woolf was notorious for using the method of stream of consciousness. She used this to explore the hidden thoughts of people as they go through their ordinary everyday thoughts.

Albert Einstein- a German born physicist whose advanced theories of relativity helped to shape that of the modern world. Many people didn’t understand what he was saying about infinite time and space.

James Joyce- A novelist who wrote Finnegan’s Wake. This novel used stream of consciousness to explore the hidden thoughts and feelings of the characters without using reason.

Pablo Picasso- Pablo Picasso was a Spanish artist who created with the help of Georges Braque a form of art named Cubism. Cubism is the act of taking a three-dimensional item and split it into fragments and change the angles.

Joseph Pilsudski- Joseph became a dictator in 1926 in Poland. He promised order and won the backing of the military and wealth.

Frank Lloyd Wright- Wright reflected the Bauhaus view that a buildings function should also reflect its form. To show this he used materials and forms that fit in well with the environment.

Kellog-Briand Pact- This pact was an alliance with other countries and the US to decrease German power. It wanted disarmament and to work to reduce German reparations.

Fascism- Fascism is a extreme form of "nationalism". The leaders of the state stressed extreme loyalty to the mother country, and controlled both the media and the press.

Adolph Hitler- Hitler was born in Austria 1889; he wished to go to art school at the age of 18 but was turned down. So instead he developed an anti-semantic view of the Jews, and later took over Germany and lead the Holocaust.

Totalitarian rule- Totalitarian rule is when a leader instills fear in his followers. In Nazi Germany, Hitler organized a strict rule of terror and taught everyone to hate the Jews.

Mein Kampf- A book written by Adolph Hitler while he was in jail. This book shows people about his hate and loathing of Jews and how he wanted to get rid of them all.

Campaign against the Jews- The campaign against the Jews was known as the Holocaust. German leader Adolph Hitler made propaganda of the Jews saying that they were evil and were responsible for the suffering of the German people.

Great Depression- The great depression was when the US economy collapsed. At its height nearly ¼ of the population was unemployed.

Mussolini- Mussolini was a leader of the Fascists who called himself “the leader”. He crushed rival parties, filtered the press, limited the number of voters, and rigged the elections.

Weimar Republic- The Weimer Republic was a political party set up before the Nazis to take over Germany. It was an early Democracy that failed for Germany.

Kristallnacht- The kristallnacht is known as the “night of broken glass”. This night happened on November 9 and 10 in 1938. Nazi lead mobs smashed windows, burned shops, and destroyed synagogues during this time.

List causes of Great Depression-

New York Stock Market crashes and investors rely on credit
Farmers are no longer able to make payments on credits
Banks demand repaying of loans
Americas loans to other countries dry up
Without capital, businesses and factories fail