Erik Manarino

 

Standards Second Semester

10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of the First World War.

1) Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in support of "total war"

The leaders of Germany and Austria had good reasons to join forces to attack Serbia because of the Serbian nationalist who shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand.  Germany did go too far in attacking Great Britain and his allies because of the economic rivalry, which at the time Britain was the most economically strong at the time.  The Germans used propaganda do show that the war was right, but they were losing people fast and had to recruit as many as they could through  nationalism.  They also brought out the thought that fighting was "right" and even if they could not join the army, the workers could help by growing food and making weapons and clothes and such.

2) Examine the principal theaters of battle, major turning points, and the importance of geographic factors in military decisions and outcomes (e.g. topography, waterways, distance, and climate)

There were many battles which turned the tide several times in the Great War. The Battle of Verdun was an example of a major turning point in World War 1.  Britain is surrounded by water which helped it not get invaded by the Germans. 

3) explain how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the United States affected the course and outcome of the war

The Russian Revolution helped Russia stay away from the war because they needed to deal with the problems of their own. The Americans turned the tide of the war from Germany winning to the British winning. They provided needed aid to the British and French. The sinking of the Lusitania brought America into the war because the Lusitania was a neutral ship with Americans on it.  America brought forces that Germany and Austria could not handle.

4) Understand the nature of the war and its human costs( military and civilian) on all sides of the conflict, including how colonial peoples contributed to the war effort.

The nature of the war was brutal.  The cost of the war was 6 billion dollars which Germany had to pay.  Millions of people died and Germany was blamed even more than Austria, who started the war in the first place. 1 of 4 did not return home,  and many that returned home had gone mad. Technology increased.  The colonial peoples worked to make supplies for the war.

5) Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman government's actions against Armenian citizens.

The Ottoman government thought that the Armenians were in the way from the Ottomans changing over to Pan- Turk Empire, so they started treating the Armenians worse and worse.  Many thousands died in pogroms. The genocide created huge tension between the Armenians and the Ottomans.  http://www.cilicia.com/armo10.html

 

10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War.

1) Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms of influence of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the United States rejection of the League of Nations on world politics.

The aims of the Treaty of Versailles was to make Germany lose most of its power. Germany had to pay a debt of 6 billion dollars, which in those days was a huge sum of money.  They also limited their army.  The Germans were pretty much blamed for the whole war, even though it was Austria who started the war.  Woodrow’s Fourteen Points were aimed to keep the peace in Europe and in North America, which he came up with during the war.  The United States rejection of the League of Nations leads to rivalries and will lead us to World War 2 http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/leagueofnations.htm

2)Describe the effects of the war and resulting peace treaties  on population movement, the international economy, and shifts in the geographic and political borders of Europe and the Middle East.

The effects of the war were devastating to all sides. As I said above Germany had to pay 6 billion dollars, which almost destroyed their economy, and they also had to demilitarize.  Paying off that debt was not easy.  Also Germany lost some of its Poland border.  Italy did not get as much land as they wanted from the treaty

4)Discuss the influence of World War 1 on literature, art, and  intellectual life in the West (e.g., Pablo Picasso, the "lost generation" of Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway)

They were changed by the war.  Ernest Hemingway wrote books about the war.  Pablo Picasso drew about Cubism.  Art was symbolizing the "lost generation" which were the people that died in the war or got their limbs cut off.  All the art and poetry were dark after the war.

 

10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian government after World War 1

1) Understand the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution, including Lenin's use of totalitarian means to seize and maintain control (e.g., the Gulag)

The cause of the Russian Revolution was the fall of the government.  Consequences include the rise of Lenin and then Stalin. It also brought the government economy to an all time low. Lenin would force people into the "secret place" also known as the Gulag.

2) Trace Stalin's rise to power in the Soviet Union and the connection between economic policies, the absence of a free press, and systematic violations of human rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine)

Stalin did many things to rise in power.  First of all, he used his position as General Secretary to find all the information he could about what was going on.  Second, he made sure that all posts were filled by his supporters. He had managed to build support throughout Russia before any of the other Bolshevik leaders could do anything about it.  He changed the farming into a "command economy" He also forced peasants onto collective farms.  Peasants would burn their food and livestock’s instead of giving them up to the government, as a result 5,000,000 peasants died. Destroyed any free press. http://ww.bbc.co.uk/education/modern/stalin/stalihtm.htm

3) Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes(Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.

Totalitarian regimes ruled by intimidation.  Germany and Italy rose up as war machines, they made heavy amounts of munitions and tanks.  They all had one common goal, to take over the world.  They all trued to take over the world but they never succeded and they all failed.

 

10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II

1) Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939

Japan invaded China 2 times.  Japan made China into a new government.  The violence that followed was called the Rape of Nanking.  All 3 were trying to make empires. Hitler was trying to not fight a 2 front war, so he made a Stalin-Hitler pact to keep peace.

2)Understand the role of appeasement, nonintervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United States prior to the outbreak of World War II.

Neville Chamberlain had made "peace for our time" and he had tried to isolate Europe from Germany.  At the Munich Conference, British and French leaders again chose appeasement.  They did Hitler’s demands and then persuaded the Czechs to surrender the Sudetenland without a fight, in exchange for safety for Britain and France.

3)Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on map and discuss major turning points of the war the principal theaters of conflict

Germany, Italy, Japan were Axis powers. Allied powers were us, Australia, and England.  Normandy was a turning point, Pearl Harbor. East & West front which squishes the Germans. United Nations was made after WWII so that they don’t have a war like this. NATO was made after WWII.

4) Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war(e.g. Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower

Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the president at the time.  Adolf Hitler is the communist leader that kills 6 million Jews and wants to take over the world.  Benito Mussolini is the Italian leader that is also a communist  and is helping Hitler with his plan.  Joseph Stalin is like Hitler’s idol, the Soviet Union leader that at one point helps Hitler. 

Douglas MacArthur-helps maintain order while they make democratic government in Japan.

5)Analyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its transformation into the Final Solution; and the Holocaust that resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians.

The Nazi's wanted to make there race into the "supreme being" they thought that every other race was not perfect.  There scapegoat for their problems was the Jews, and had 6 million killed. 

6)Discuss the human costs of the war, with particular attention to the civilian and military losses in Russia, Germany, Britain, the United States, China, and Japan.

No fighting on mainland USA.  Infrastructure of Germany crushed.  We do not have to rebuild after the war.

 

10.9 Students analyze the international developments in the post-World World War II world.

1)Compare the economic and military power shifts caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, Soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan.

Germany and Japan were giving loans to help rebuild.  Kennedy felt bad for dropping the A bomb so they helped Japan. Russia was overwhelming power of the East. 

2)Analyze the Chinese Civil War, the rise of Mao Tse-tung, and the subsequent political and economic upheavals in China (e.g., the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Square uprising).

Mao's version of Communism was nicer because he would feed the people and the Nationalists would pretty much enslave the people.  Great Leap Forward was a movement that wanted to modernize the country.  People who wanted to change the government to democracy were killed in Tiananmen Square uprising.

3)Discuss the establishment and work of the United Nations and the purposes and functions of the Warsaw Pact, SEATO, NATO, and the Organization of American States 

The purposes of these functions was to create peace.  Without organizations like these, the world could be in economic disorder.  They are trying to keep peace in countries that aren’t peaceful, like Iraq. United Nations was made to keep peace throughout the world.  Warsaw Pact were all the countries under Soviet rule. SEATO- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

 

10.10 Students analyze instances of nation-building in the contemporary world in at least two of the following regions or countries: the Middle East, Africa, Mexico and other parts of Latin America, and China.

1. Understand the challenges in the regions, including their geopolitical, cultural, military, and economic significance and the international relationships in which they are involved.

In Africa, the land is either a rain forest or a desert.  The desert land is hard to live on and water is scarce.  These people are very poor because they can not raise food as easily, nor get anything of very much worth from their region.  The land in the rainforest has their own problems.  The Ebola virus is now a major threat in this land as much as in the past.  AIDS is a particular epidemic that has not helped the economy one bit.  The people here are able to grow more food and survive better

2. Describe the recent history of the regions, including political divisions and systems, key leaders, religious issues, natural features, resources, and population patterns.

The recent histories of the regions of Mexico are shaped by laws and peace treaties. First of all they lost a battle in Texas that made them lose much of their land in Texas, New Mexico, and California.  They also have had many civil wars.  In Africa, much of the land is split between countries that do not like each other.  Many wars have been fought for land in these areas. 

3. Discuss the important trends in the regions today and whether they appear to serve the cause of individual freedom and democracy.

Well, the trends sometimes lead to the cause of individual freedom, but sometimes don’t.  As in Suddam Hussein’s case, the people are too afraid to do anything.   We are trying to free the people and make a democratic government in the area.  Our cause is to give these people individual freedom and democracy.