Erik Manarino

 

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION STUDY GUIDE

CH. 28

  ESLR: 1,4

CH. 28

Soviet- Soviets were councils of workers and soldiers.  These were set up to insure that people could get food in the cities.

Command economy- A command economy is when the government officials make all the basic economic decisions.  The Soviet Union set up a command economy in which Stalin and other officials made decisions, with the economy.

Collectives-Under Stalin land was taken away from the people and the commoners were forced to work on state farms or collectives.  Collectives were pieces of land owned by a large number of peasants.

Kulak- A Kulak was a wealthy peasant. Under Stalin’s rule all kulaks had to be destroyed. 

Totalitarian state- As Marx’s predicted under communism, the state would slowly wither away.  The Soviet Union is a perfect example of this.  Stalin made the USSR into a totalitarian state, in which a one-party dictator attempts to regulate every aspect of one person’s life. 

Socialist realism- Socialist realism was a style of art that showed socialism in a “positive light”.  Under Stalin most artists and writers were forced to change to socialist realism.

Lenin- Lenin’s real name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov.  As a child his brother was arrested for attempting to murder Alexander III.  While in school he read works by Karl Marx and participated eagerly in student demonstrations. 

Osip Mandelstam- With Stalin and the use of Socialist Realism, most authors had to change their style or be punished.  Osip decided not to change her style and was tortured, imprisoned, and exiled because of it. 

 

Nicholas II- In Easter 1913 Nicholas gave his wife a beautiful jeweled egg.  This egg symbolized the 300^th anniversary of the dynasty.   

Gregory Rasputin- A phony “healer” in which the czarina thought would heal her only son, Alexis.  At one point this phony healer could hire and fire officials as he pleased, causing the government to be corrupt.  He was known as the “mad monk”.  

Joseph Stalin- A sneaky politician who was notorious for his behind-the-scenes dealing, he was neither as talented nor as skilled as Trotsky who he was running against.  His name Stalin means “man of steel”.

Stalin's 5 Year Plan- Stalin’s main goal was building a heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output.  To achieve all of these things he put the economy under his control with a command economy.

Socialist realism- Socialist realism was a style of art that showed socialism in a “positive light”.  Under Stalin most artists and writers were forced to change to socialist realism.

Totalitarian state- As Marx’s predicted under communism, the state would slowly wither away.  The Soviet Union is a perfect example of this.  Stalin made the USSR into a totalitarian state, in which a one-party dictator attempts to regulate every aspect of one person’s life. 

Anna Akhmatova- She was one of Russia’s greatest poets, however due to socialist realism, her work was not seen.  To keep her genius poetry and writings safe her closest friends memorized them.

V.I. Lenin- The leader of the Bolsheviks who took charge and enforced the use of socialism.  He worked against other groups who wanted democracy. 

Mikhail Sholokhov- The writer of And Quiet Flows the Don.   The book tells about a man who spends WWI fighting the Russian Revolution and the Civil war.  Later he received a Nobel Prize for his work.

Joseph Stalin- A sneaky politician who was notorious for his behind-the-scenes dealing, he was neither as talented nor as skilled as Trotsky who he was running against.  His name Stalin means “man of steel”.

Leon Trotsky-When Lenin died he was in a race with Stalin for power.  Trotsky was a brilliant Marxist thinker and a skillful speaker, however due to loaded elections Trotsky lost. 

 

Socialist revolution- People were fed up with the Czar and starving in the street so Lenin proposed a new way of living in which there was no classes and people would share everything. Lenin wanted a revolution to help the people and to start a revolution.

Bolshevik Revolution- The Bolsheviks was ready to do almost anything to get their way.   Most people were both happy and scared at the overthrowing of the czar.  People were happy that they were going to rule their own country yet, also scared about how powerful and fast the takeover lasted.

Lenin's New Economic Policy- Lenin wanted to make something that Marx would be proud of.  He wanted to give the people an equal amount of everything, and therefore make a classless society. 

Stalin- A sneaky politician who was notorious for his behind-the-scenes dealing, he was neither as talented nor as skilled as Trotsky who he was running against.  His name Stalin means “man of steel”.

Stalin's 5 Year Plan- Stalin’s main goal was building a heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output.  To achieve all of these things he put the economy under his control with a command economy.

The arts under Stalin- Under Stalin all art had to be shown in a positive light in Socialism.  This movement was called a socialist realism.

List three causes of the 1917 revolution in Russia- Lenin was a cause.  The rising of the Bolsheviks, and the starvation of the people, who needed bread.