What is Karst?
The term karst was first used to describe a plateau in the Dinaric Alps of Yugoslavia. Karst is formed by the dissolution of carbonate bedrock, such as limestone, marble and dolomite. This dissolution occurres over many thousands of years. This process is called "the carbon dioxide cascade." It begins with raindrops passing through the atmosphere picking up carbon dioxide. Upon reaching the ground, it sinks into the ground. As the rainwater travels deeper into the earth, it begins to absorb more carbon dioxide. This begins to create a weak acid called carbonic acid. Soon the water finds cracks and crevices in the earth . After thousands of years, this waterflow begins to dissolve the carbonate bedrock. This dissolution process creates karst formations. Natural features of the topography of such areas are dominated by sinkholes, vertical shafts, disappearing streams, large springs. Eventually, these drainage systems develop into what are known as caves.
These great drainage systems or aquifers are capable of providing large supplies of water. More than 25 percent of the world's population either lives on or obtains its water from karst aquifers. In the United States, 20 percent of the land surface is karst and 40 percent of the groundwater used for drinking comes from karst aquifers. Unfortunately, these aquifers are sensitive to external pollutants and have been significantly impacted by mankind’s influence. This cycle repeats itself as the negative impact upon these aquifers also negatively affects mankind. It is the purpose of the BKC to preserve these karst features.