Strengthening of an existing reinforced concrete structure

Strengthening of an existing reinforced concrete structure

Appendix A:

· Note that all values in shaded cells were the experimental reading before adjustment.

· All strains readings in tables and figures are in micro strain unit.

Indoor Samples (ID):

ID 1	Steel	Failed at 9 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection mm	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber
0	0	8.04	-15	0
1	0.07	8.11	6	21
3	1.16	9.2	43	58
5	1.24	9.28	103	118
9	2.76	10.8	2655	2670
10	3.94	11.98
10.5	6.86	14.9
11	9.82	17.86
11	13.66	21.7
10	16.36	24.4
8	17.88	25.92

Table 4.1: Steel reinforced beam (Indoor)

ID 2	Plain + 1FRB	Failed at 26 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection mm	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	9.21		0	-194
1	0.06	9.27		12	-182
3	0.15	9.36		40	-154
5	0.22	9.43		61	-133
7	0.27	9.48		84	-110
10	0.35	9.56		190	-4
12	0.41	9.62		328	134
15	0.56	9.77		727	533
18	0.74	9.95		1203	1009
20	0.84	10.05		1423	1229
23	0.96	10.17		1761	1567
25	1.1	10.31		1988	1794

Table 4.2: Plain Concrete + 1 FRP strip reinforced beam (Indoor)

ID 3	Steel + 1FRB	Failed at 25 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	0	0	-13
1	0.08	15	15	2
3	0.16	48	46	33
5	0.22	77	73	60
7	0.28	137	119	106
10	0.41	359	271	258
12	0.5	585	460	447
15	0.61	864	683	670
17	0.71	1138	874	861
20	0.85	1477	1139	1126
22	0.95	1670	1307	1294
25	1.04	1534	1481	1468
20	1.52	1397	1138	1125
14	2.45	1138	926	913
12	3.86	1236	1005	992

Table 4.3: Steel + 1 FRP strip reinforced beam (Indoor)

ID 4	Steel + 2FRB	Failed at 36 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection mm	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	1.24	-2	0	0	-30
1	0.31	1.55	10	12	11	-19
3	0.47	1.71	25	27	43	13
5	0.59	1.83	48	50	67	37
7	0.66	1.9	74	76	106	76
10	0.75	1.99	135	137	222	192
13	0.82	2.06	215	217	298	268
15	0.87	2.11	291	293	413	383
18	0.97	2.21	453	455	585	555
20	1.01	2.25	502	504	663	633
23	1.11	2.35	616	618	788	758
25	1.17	2.41	692	694	883	853
28	1.26	2.5	813	815	1009	979
30	1.32	2.56	883	885	1110	1080
33	1.4	2.64	988	990	1137	1107
36	1.87	3.11	940	942	1211	1181
34	4.15	5.39	530	532	811	781

Table 4.4: Steel + 2 FRP strip reinforced beam (Indoor)

Hot weather with 100% humidity samples (HH):

HH1	Steel	Failed at 11 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber
0	0	1.02	0
1	0.13	1.15	13
2	0.19	1.21	26
4	0.26	1.28	64
6	0.32	1.34	110
8	0.4	1.42	323
10	0.68	1.7
11	4.29	5.31
12	6.95	7.97
12	8.53	9.55
12	10.02	11.04

Table 4.5: Steel reinforced beam (Hot 100% humidity)

HH2	Plain + 1FRB	Failed at 22 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	7.91		0	8
1	0.06	7.97		13	21
3	0.1	8.01		40	48
5	0.12	8.03		64	72
7	0.16	8.07		89	97
10	0.19	8.1		165	173
12	0.22	8.13		254	262
15	0.39	8.3		596	604
17	0.49	8.4		801	809
20	0.64	8.55		1059	1067
22	0.75	8.66		1242	1250

Table 4.6: Plain Concrete + 1 FRP strip reinforced beam (Hot 100% humidity)

HH3	Steel + 1FRB	Failed at 21 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	32	0	0	-2
1	0.04	50	18	19	17
3	0.06	65	33	42	40
5	0.16	108	76	88	86
7	0.21	155	123	138	136
10	0.33	245	213	262	260
12	0.39	310	278	352	350
15	0.5	450	418	572	570
17	0.62	630	598	832	830
20	0.69	718	686	976	974
22	0.79	850	818	1169	1167
25	0.91	980	948	1462	1460
28	1.06	490	458	1774	1772
15	2.47	500	468	992	990
16	3.3	518	486	1006	1004

Table 4.7: Steel + 1 FRP strip reinforced beam (Hot 100% humidity)

HH4	Steel + 2FRB	Failed at 40 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	1.41	didn't work	0	-954
1	0.14	1.55	didn't work	6	-948
3	0.24	1.65	didn't work	26	-928
5	0.35	1.76	didn't work	46	-908
7	0.41	1.82	didn't work	71	-883
10	0.48	1.89	didn't work	106	-848
12	0.52	1.93	didn't work	131	-823
15	0.57	1.98	didn't work	178	-776
17	0.61	2.02	didn't work	302	-652
20	0.66	2.07	didn't work	421	-533
22	0.7	2.11	didn't work	520	-434
25	0.77	2.18	didn't work	663	-291
28	0.83	2.24	didn't work	784	-170
30	0.89	2.3	didn't work	876	-78
32	0.93	2.34	didn't work	1032	78
35	1	2.41	didn't work	1081	127
37	1.07	2.48	didn't work	1194	240
40	1.11	2.52	didn't work	1271	317
20	1.29	2.7	didn't work	1434	480
22	1.49	2.97	didn't work	1214	260

Table 4.8: Steel + 2 FRP strip reinforced beam (Hot 100% humidity)

Hot weather with 0% humidity (Furnace samples) (F):

F1	Steel	Failed at 11 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber
0	0	didn't work
1	0.08	didn't work
3	0.19	didn't work
5	0.28	didn't work
7	0.35	didn't work
10	0.75	didn't work
11	1.5	didn't work
11	3.72	didn't work
10	4.06	didn't work
10	5.73	didn't work
10	6.86	didn't work

Table 4.9: Steel reinforced beam (Hot 0% humidity)

F2	Plain + 1FRP	Failed at 20 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0		0	-176
1	0.05		9	-167
3	0.11		32	-144
5	0.16		59	-117
7	0.21		91	-85
10	0.28		133	-43
12	0.38		629	453
15	0.48		751	575
17	0.59		1201	1025
20	0.79		1130	954

Table 4.10: Plain Concrete + 1 FRP strip reinforced beam (Hot 0% humidity)

F3	Steel + 1FRP	Failed at 21 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	3	0	0	10
1	0.05	22	19	14	24
3	0.11	67	64	52	62
5	0.15	126	123	95	105
7	0.17	215	212	146	156
10	0.25	580	577	299	309
12	0.3	791	788	408	418
17	0.47	1300	1297	862	872
20	0.57	1481	1478	1043	1053
21	1.05	1070	1067	813	823
16	1.69	1202	1199	894	904
12	2.24	1062	1059	820	830
12	3.15	1062	1059	850	860

Table: 4.11: Steel + 1 FRP strip reinforced beam (Hot 0% humidity)

F4	Steel + 2FRP	Failed at 31 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	-3	0	0	15
1	0.06	19	22	16	31
3	0.12	48	51	43	58
5	0.18	85	88	77	92
7	0.25	132	135	117	132
10	0.34	238	241	201	216
12	0.38	289	292	266	281
15	0.47	432	435	398	413
17	0.51	508	511	518	533
20	0.6	631	634	655	670
22	0.65	720	723	742	757
25	0.75	856	859	969	984
27	0.81	952	955	1112	1127
30	0.91	1100	1103	1328	1343
31	1.55	872	875	1374	1389
19	2.36	793	796	1312	1327

Table: 4.12: Steel + 2 FRP strip reinforced beam (Hot 0% humidity)

Outdoor samples (OD):

OD1	Steel	Failed at 11 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber
0	0	6	0
1	0.06	13	7
2	0.11	27	21
4	0.26	65	59
6	0.36	144	138
8	0.45	323	317
10	0.78	1585	1579
11	2.1	2025	2019
10	3.45	1455	1449
11	4.5	1180	1174
10	5.91	1215	1209
9	7.96	878	872
9	9.82	1037	1031
10	10.3	1332	1326

Table 4.13: : Steel reinforced beam (Outdoor)

OD2	Plain + 1FRP	Failed at 23 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0		-2	0
1	0.08		377	379
3	0.18		400	402
5	0.22		423	425
7	0.3		456	458
10	0.36		506	508
12	0.4		565	567
15	0.58		837	839
17	0.67		1210	1212
20	0.7		1525	1527
21	0.76		1670	1672
23	0.79		1874	1876

Table 4.14: : Plain Concrete + 1 FRP strip reinforced beam (Outdoor)

OD3	Steel + 1FRP	Failed at 27 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	23	0	0	-673
1	0.05	53	30	22	-651
3	0.09	78	55	43	-630
5	0.12	115	92	73	-600
7	0.16	147	124	98	-575
10	0.25	360	337	236	-437
12	0.3	514	491	336	-337
15	0.42	880	857	600	-73
17	0.51	1106	1083	791	118
20	0.63	1352	1329	1023	350
23	0.76	1630	1607	1253	580
25	0.86	1813	1790	1413	740
27	2.55	1450	1427	1111	438
18	4.05	1214	1191	1023	350

Table 4.15: Steel + 1 FRP strip reinforced beam (Outdoor)

OD4	Steel + 2FRP	Failed at 30 kN
Load (kN)	Deflection (mm)	Strain Steel	Strain Steel	Strain Fiber	Strain Fiber
0	0	-2	0	0	2
1	0.06	14	16	11	13
3	0.15	37	39	40	42
5	0.21	73	75	70	72
7	0.25	102	104	96	98
10	0.3	216	218	156	158
12	0.34	302	304	198	200
15	0.39	423	425	266	268
17	0.44	538	540	383	385
20	0.5	670	672	558	560
22	0.54	769	771	652	654
25	0.63	925	927	802	804
27	0.66	960	962	843	845
30	0.73	1085	1087	978	980
31	0.74	780	782	1044	1046
20	1.84	763	765	1068	1070
22	1.85	800	802	1061	1063
24	2.7	806	808	1098	1100
26	2.88	854	856	1165	1167
28	3.05	894	896	1198	1200

Table 4.16: Steel + 2 FRP strip reinforced beam (Outdoor)

Load VS Deflection for the four environments:

Figure 4.5: Load VS Deflection for Indoor samples.

Figure 4.6: Load VS Deflection for Hot weather with 100% humidity.

Figure 4.7: Load VS Deflection for Hot weather with 0% humidity.

Figure 4.8: Load VS Deflection for Outdoor samples.

Load VS Steel Strain for the four environments:

Figure 4.9: Load VS Steel Strain for Indoor samples.

Figure 4.10: Load VS Steel Strain for Hot weather with 100% humidity.

Figure 4.11: Load VS Steel Strain for Hot weather with 0% humidity.

Figure 4.12: Load VS Steel Strain for Outdoor samples.

Load VS FRP Strain for the four environments:

Figure 4.13: Load VS FRP Strain for Indoor samples.

Figure 4.14: Load VS FRP Strain for Hot weather with 100% humidity.

Figure 4.15: Load VS FRP Strain for Hot weather with 0% humidity.

Figure 4.16: Load VS FRP Strain for Outdoor samples.

Figure 4.17: Load VS Deflection for steel reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.18: Load VS Deflection for plain concrete + 1 FRP strip reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.19: Load VS Deflection for Steel + 1 FRP strip reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.20: Load VS Deflection for Steel + 2 FRP strip reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.21: Load VS Steel Strain for steel reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.22: Load VS Steel Strain for Steel + 1 FRP strip reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.23: Load VS Steel Strain for Steel + 2 FRP strip reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.24: Load VS FRP Strain for plain concrete + 1 FRP strip reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.25: Load VS FRP Strain for Steel + 1 FRP strip reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.26: Load VS FRP Strain for Steel + 2 FRP strip reinforced beams in all environments.

Figure 4.27: Fixing FRP strips.

Figure 4.28: FRP and Steel Strain measurement Device.

Figure 4.29: Testing Machine.

Figure 4.30: preparing beam before test.

Figure 4.31: Beam under loading and measuring the deflection.

Figure 4.32: Recording the readings for beams in all environments.

Figure 4.33: Beams before testing.

Figure 4.34: Beams after testing.