bash-2.05$ man passwd
 
PASSWD(1)                USER COMMANDS                  PASSWD(1)
 
NAME
     chfn, chsh, passwd - change password file information
 
SYNOPSIS
     passwd [ -d ] [ -o ] [ name ]
 
     chsh [ -s shell ] [ name ]
 
     chsh [ options ] [ name ] [ shell ]
 
DESCRIPTION
     This program can change  either  the  user's  password,  the
     login  shell,  or finger information, depending on how it is
     invoked.
 
     When run as passwd, the program  will  ask  for  the  user's
     current  password and the for the new one.  The new password
     must be typed twice to forestall mistakes.   The  super-user
     is not prompted for the old password.
 
     New passwords should certainly not be in the dictionary, and
     and  be at least 5-9 characters, depending on the quality of
     the password.  Using both upper and lower case, digits,  and
     punctuation  can improve password quality.  Up to 16 charac-
     ters  are  significant,  although   longer   passwords   are
     accepted.   Password  encourages  you to follow these rules,
     but will relent if you are insistent enough.  Passwd  recog-
     nizes the following options.
 
     -d   Delete the password.  Only the super-user may use  this
          option.
 
     -o   Use the old style password algorithm for the new  pass-
          word.   By default, the new algorithm (kg_pwhash(3)) is
          used.
 
     When run as chsh, the shell should be supplied as the param-
     eter  to  the  command.  If no shell is specified, chsh will
     prompt the user for the shell.  Normal users are  restricted
     to  only  those shells supplied in /etc/shells, If this file
     doesn't exist, only /bin/sh and /bin/csh are allowed.  Users
     that  don't  have  a shell in this list may not change their
     shell.  Chsh recognizes the following options.
 
     -s shell
          An alternate method of specifying the shell.
 
     When changing finger information, chfn will normally  prompt
     for  each field (as interpreted by finger(1)), and input new
     values.  These fields include the ``real life'' name,  loca-
     tion,  work  phone  number, and home phone number.  Pressing
     return accepts the current value,  while  entering  ``none''
 
Sun Release 4.1   Last change: August 19, 1994                  1
 
PASSWD(1)                USER COMMANDS                  PASSWD(1)
 
     causes the field to be deleted.  Below is a sample run:
 
          Use <return> to keep, or "none" to delete.
          Name [Biff Studsworth II]:
          Location []: 521E
          Work Phone []: 1963
          Home Phone [5771546]: none
          Full name changed.
 
     It is a good idea to run finger afterwards to  be  sure  the
     desired  output  appears.  The following options can be used
     to suppress the interactive dialog of chfn.
 
     -f fullname
          allows the fullname to  be  specified  on  the  command
          line.
 
     -r room
          allows the location to  be  specified  on  the  command
          line.
 
     -w workphone
          allows the work phonenumber to be specified on the com-
          mand line.
 
     -h homephone
          allows the home phonenumber to be specified on the com-
          mand line.
 
     -o other
          allows the ``other'' information to be specified on the
          command  line.   Ony  the  super-user  may  change  the
          ``other'' information in the gecos field.
 
     Only the super-user may change anyone's password, shell,  or
     finger information.
 
FILES
     /etc/passwd    The list of user accounts
     /etc/shadow    The file containing the encrypted password
     /etc/shells    The list of approved shells
     /usr/dict/words     List of ``obvious'' words
     Robert Morris and Ken Thompson, Unix password security
 
SEE ALSO
     login(1), finger(1), crypt(3), kg_pwhash(3), passwd(5);
 
BUGS
     Passwd doesn't know about the many security aspects  of  the
     shadow password system.
 
Sun Release 4.1   Last change: August 19, 1994                  2
 
PASSWD(1)                USER COMMANDS                  PASSWD(1)
 
AUTHOR
     Marcus Watts
 
Sun Release 4.1   Last change: August 19, 1994                  3
==============================================
bash-2.05$ man 1 login
 
LOGIN(1)                 USER COMMANDS                   LOGIN(1)
 
NAME
     login - Begin session on the system
 
SYNOPSIS
     login [ username [ environmental-variables ] ]
 
DESCRIPTION
     login is used to establish a new session  with  the  system.
     It  is  normally  invoked automatically by responding to the
     login: prompt on the user's terminal.  login may be  special
     to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process.  Typi-
     cally, login is treated by the shell  as  exec  login  which
     causes  the user to exit from the current shell.  Attempting
     to execute login from any shell but  the  login  shell  will
     produce an error message.
 
     When invoked from the login:  prompt,  the  user  may  enter
     environmental variables after the username.  These variables
     are entered in the form NAME=VALUE.  Not all  variables  may
     be  set in the fashion, notably PATH, HOME and SHELL.  Addi-
     tionally, IFS may be inhibited if the user's login shell  is
     /bin/sh.
 
     The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate.
     Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password.  Only
     a small number of password  failures  are  permitted  before
     login exits and the communications link is severed.
 
     If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may
     be  prompted for a new password before proceeding.  You will
     be forced to provide your old password and the new  password
     before  continuing.   Please  refer  to  passwd(1)  for more
     information.
 
     After a successful login, you will be informed of any system
     messages  and  the  presence  of mail.  You may turn off the
     printing of the system message file, /etc/motd, by  creating
     a  zero-length file .hushlogin in your login directory.  The
     mail message will be one of "You have new mail.", "You  have
     mail.",  or  "No  Mail."  according to the condition of your
     mailbox.
 
     Your user and group ID will be set according to their values
     in  the  /etc/passwd  file.   The  value  for $HOME, $SHELL,
     $PATH,  $LOGNAME,  and  $MAIL  are  set  according  to   the
     appropriate fields in the password entry.  Ulimit, umask and
     nice values may also be set  according  to  entries  in  the
     GECOS field.
 
     On some installations, the environmental variable $TERM will
     be  initialize  to  the  terminal  type on your tty line, as
     specified in /etc/ttytype.
 
Sun Release 4.1           Last change:                          1
 
LOGIN(1)                 USER COMMANDS                   LOGIN(1)
 
     An initialization script for your  command  interpreter  may
     also be executed.  Please see the appropriate manual section
     for more information on this function.
 
CAVEATS
     This version of login has  many  compilation  options,  only
     some of which may be in use at any particular site.
 
Files
     /etc/utmp - list of current login sessions
     /etc/wtmp - list of previous login sessions
     /etc/passwd - user account information
     /etc/shadow - encrypted passwords and age information
     /etc/motd - system message file
     /etc/ttytype - list of terminal types
     $HOME/.profile - initialization script for default shell
     $HOME/.hushlogin - suppress printing of system messages
 
See Also
     getty(1M), mail(1), passwd(1),  sh(1),  su(1),  d_passwd(4),
     passwd(4)
 
Sun Release 4.1           Last change:                          2
==============================================
bash-2.05$ man -k pass
chage (1)               - change user password expirate information
chfn, chsh, passwd (1)  - change password file information
chpasswd (8)            - update password file in batch
conflict (8)            - search for alias/password conflicts
dpasswd (8)             - change dialup password
genpass (1)             - generate random passwords
kg_pwhash (3)           - authentication password hash function
kg_read_pw_string (3)   - read a password
kg_string_to_key (3)    - password string to key function
mkpasswd (1)            - Update passwd and group database files
passwd (4)              - The password file
pwadm (1)               - password file administration program
pwauth (3)              - administrator defined password authentication routine
pwauth (8)              - administrator defined password authentication
pwck (1)                - verify integrity of password files
pwconv (8)              - convert and update shadow password files
pwunconv (8)            - restore old password file from shadow password file
shadow (3)              - encrypted password file routines
shadow (4)              - encrypted password file
crypt, _crypt, setkey, encrypt (3)  - password and data encryption
getpass (3V)            - read a password
getpwaent, getpwanam, setpwaent, endpwaent, fgetpwaent (3)  - get password adju
ct file entry
getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile, fgetpwent (3V) - g
t password file entry
passwd (5)              - password file
passwd, chfn, chsh (1)  - change local or NIS password information
passwd.adjunct (5)      - user security data file
putpwent (3)            - write password file entry
pwck (8V)               - check password database entries
pwdauth, grpauth (3)    - password authentication routines
pwdauthd (8C)           - server for authenticating passwords
rfpasswd (8)            - change RFS host password
vipw (8)                - edit the password file
xcrypt, xencrypt, xdecrypt, passwd2des (3R) - hex encryption and utility routin
s
yppasswd (1)            - change your network password in the NIS database
yppasswd (3R)           - update user password in NIS
yppasswd (5)            - NIS password file
yppasswdd, rpc.yppasswdd (8C)   - server for modifying NIS password file
bash-2.05$ whatis passwd
chfn, chsh, passwd (1)  - change password file information
passwd (4)              - The password file
passwd (5)              - password file
passwd, chfn, chsh (1)  - change local or NIS password information
==============================================
bash-2.05$ whatis passwd
chfn, chsh, passwd (1)  - change password file information
passwd (4)              - The password file
passwd (5)              - password file
passwd, chfn, chsh (1)  - change local or NIS password information