Totalitarianism Study Guide

 

Ch. 29
apartheid- This is a form of racial segregation. They set this up in South Africa to ensure white power.

civil disobedience- A non-violent demonstration for civil right. They did things like boycotting products and peaceful protests.

Diego Rivera- He was a well known artist in Mexico during the 1920’s and 1930’s. On the walls of public building they would paint wonderful murals.

Hirohito- He was the emperor of Japan. During his reign Japan experienced remarkable successes and appalling tragedies.

Jiang Jieshi-  After Sun’s death he took over the Guomindang and he was a young army

officer. He was determined to reunite China.

Muhammad Ali Jinrah- He was the leader of the Muslim League in the 1930’s. He started by representing Muslim interests within the Congress party and later threw his support behind the idea of a separate state for Muslims.

Nationalization- This is when the government takes over. The Constitution of 1917 allowed this to happen.

 

Pancho Villa- He was a radical leader that emerged during the power struggle. He fought mostly for personal power but won the intense loyalty of his peasant followers.

Cause of the 1910 Mexico Revolution- Mexican prosperity benefited mostly the wealthy landowners and business men so the working class and peasant were angry because they were living in desperate poverty. The poor had no education or land and the police of military stopped them from ever trying to revolt until it was just to much.

Pan-Africanism- During the 1020’s this movement spread and it helped to nourish the nationalist spirit. It emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent around the world.

Mandate System (M. Eas

t)- This is when the totalitarian leaders give the people a mandate. Hitler gave these because he was democratically elected. It was a way to justify evil things that they would do.

Great Salt March- Britain was trying to claim sole right to production and sales of salt and then they would tax the people for buying it. Ghandi thought this was an outrage so he led the people on the Great Salt March on march 12 to the sea to gather their own salt.

 

May Fourth Movement- On May 4 1919 students protested and organized a boycott of Japanese goods. This et of a cultural and intellectual ferment known as May Fourth Movement.

Effect of Great Depression in Japan- Their economy was in shambles and the people were paying for it. The people started to be interested in socialist leaders and the ideas of Marx and Lenin.
 
CH. 30
general strike- This is a strike by workers in many different industries at the same time. One of these occurred in 1926 because wages were low and unemployment was severe.

stream of consciousness- This is a writing technique where a writer probes a character’s random thoughts and feelings without imposing any logic or order. A Freud’s ideas became popular some writers experimented with this.

flapper- This was a liberated young women in the 1920’s who daringly bobbed their hair and wore short dresses. The first flappers were American.

concentration camp- These were detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state. Tens of thousands of Jews were sent to these during Hitler’s reign.

Leon Blum- He was a socialist leader and he tried to solve labor problems and passed some social legislation. In 1936 several parties united behind this socialist leader.

Marie Curie- She was a scientist who helped study radioactivity. She was a Polish-born French scientist who helped to discover that atoms of certain elements spontaneously release charged particles.

Franklin D. Roosevelt- He was president of the United States of America. In the 1930’s he tried to explain why so many countries had rejected democracy by explain that you needed to be strong.

 

Virginia Woolf- She was a British novelist. She used stream of consciousness to explore hidden thoughts of people as they go through the ordinary action of their every day lives.

 

Albert Einstein- He was a German scientist who advanced theories of relativity. He argued that space and time measurements and not absolute but are determined by many factors.

James Joyce- She was an Irish novelist. She wrote Finnegan’s Wake where he explores the mind of a hero who remains sound asleep throughout the novel.

Pablo Picasso- He was a Spanish artist who helped to create a revolutionary new style called Cubanism. In this he broke 3-dimensional objects into separate shapes.

Joseph Pilsudski- He was dictator of Poland. Eventually dictators emerged in almost every Eastern European country.

Frank Lloyd Wright- He was an American architect who reflected the Bauhaus belief that the function of a building should determine its form. In designing houses, he used materials and forms that fit their environment.

Kellog-Briand Pact- The “spirit of Locarno” was echoed in this pact that was written in 1928. Almost every independent nation in the world signed this agreement to “renounce war as an instrument of national policy”.

Fascism- This was a new movement that was started in Italy by a fierce nationalist named Benito Mussolini. He served as a model for many facsit leader to come such as Hitler.

 

Adolph Hitler- he developed an anti-Semitic attitude at a young age and when he was young joined a small extremist group. He quickly rose to power through the Nazi’s and was an amazing speaker.

 
Totalitarian rule- This was when a ruler cotrolled ever aspect of his peoples lives politically and religiously. There were many leader like this during this time such as Hitler.

Mein Kampf- This was the book written by Hitler while he was in jail. It means My Struggle.

campaign against the Jews- When Hitler became dictator he led a campaign against the Jews because he belived they were the reason for all of Germany’s problems. At first he only took right away from them but this quickly led to him sending them to concentration camps and causing mass genocide.

Great Depression- The Great Depression started after the big crash of 1929 in the New York Stocks. This was a painful time of global economic collapse and turmoil.

 

Mussolini- He was the first eader of Italy’s facist party and he is the symbol for Fascism. Mussolini had risen to power and taken the title Il Duce, “The Leader”. He was a cruel and powerful leader.

Weimar Republic- The new German Republic drafted a constitution in the city of Weimer and it created the Weimer Republic. It set up a parliamentary form of government led by prime minister or chancellor.

 

Kristallnacht- These were riots that took place on November 9 and 10 of 1938. The Nazi-led mobs attacked Jewish communities all over Germany.

List causes of Great Depression- All of the tension that had built up from World War I and World War II had caused a lot of trouble. Also The New York stock exchange was the final big thing that caused the Great Depression.