Chapter
28 Study Guide
CH. 28
Soviet – A soviet is a council of workers and soldiers. At
first the soviets worked democratically with the government, but soon the
Bolsheviks, a radical socialist group, took charge.
command economy- An economy in which government officials
make all basic economic decisions. The Soviet Union used this to achieve
economic growth.
collective- Large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group.
Stalin forced peasants to give up their private plots and live on state owned
farms or collectives.
kulak- Peasants that are slightly wealthier than other
peasants. Stalin sought to destroy the kulaks by confiscating their land and
sending them to labor camps.
Totalitarian state- A state in which a one- party
dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of the citizens.
Stalin purged political rivals and imposed central government control over
industry ad agriculture.
Socialist realism- A forced artistic style in which painters
were forced to portray communism in a positive light. Its goal was to boost
socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light.
Lenin – A revolutionary who believed in Marxist ideas and
spread them among factory workers along with others. He was exiled for
spreading socialist ideas and sent to Siberia.
Osip Mandelstam- a Jewish poet who was imprisoned, tortured,
and exiled for composing a satirical verse about Stalin. Eventually, he gave in
and wrote an “Ode to Stalin.”
Nicholas II- The last tsar of Russia before the revolution.
He had failed to solve Russia’s basic problems and was eventually forced to
abdicate and was killed.
Gregory Rasputin An illiterate Siberian Peasant who was
entrusted by Alexandra to run the empire while Nicholas was at war. However, he
was extremely corrupt and manipulated the tsarina to meet his own need.
Joseph Stalin- the man who came to power after the death of
Lenin. He was a ruthless person who killed millions and eliminated all
opposition.
Stalin's 5 Year Plan- A set of plans set by Stalin to
modernize Russia by building heavy industry, increasing farm output, and
improving transportation. To achieve this growth, he brought all economic
activity under government control.
Socialist realism- The forced art form under Stalin’s reign.
It was used as propaganda to glorify Stalin and often contained him as the main
subject.
totalitarian state- Stalin created a ruthless totalitarian
state. Anybody who stood in his way or did something against his will was
immediately killed.
Anna Akhmatova- One of Russia’s greatest poets who fell out
of favor because her poetry did not stress communist ideas. However, she
secretly continued to write poetry which her friends memorized.
V.I. Lenin – The first leader of Communist Russia. After
extinguishing civil war, he tried to build a classless society in which the
means of production were in the hands of the people.
Mikhail Sholokhov- A man who wrote the book And Quite Flows the Don, a book that tells
about WW1, the Russian Revolution, and civil war. He became one of the few
Soviet writers to win the Nobel Prize for literature.
Joseph Stalin- A totalitarian who ruled Soviet Russia with
and Iron fist after the death of Lennon. He replaced religion with communist
ideology, implemented five year plans, purges, the secret police, and
censorship to prevent opposition.
Leon Trotsky- Stalin’s rival who fought for power.
Eventually, Stalin ended up stripping him of party membership and having him
murdered.
socialist revolution-
Bolshevik Revolution- the Bolsheviks took over
Lenin's New Economic Policy- A policy which allowed limited
capitalist ventures. While the state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and
large industries, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profit.
Stalin-Lenin’s Sudden death set off a power struggle among
Communist leaders. Stalin fought against Trotsky who was a brilliant thinker,
and a skillful orator. Stalin was none of these.
Stalin's 5 Year Plan- Stalin brought all economic activity
under government control. The
The arts under Stalin- Stalin severely restricted
literature, art, and music. Everything had to pass through his censors to make
sure it didn’t say anything bad about Stalin, or his ideas.
List three causes of the 1917 revolution in