~ Rainforest Deforestation ~

Megan Mallory

25 March 2005

Period 5


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Background Information
The planet earth plays the part of home to millions of
species of plants and animals.  Scientists call the interactions of plants and animals with the physical world around them ecological systems, or ecosystems.  The different kinds of ecosystems include desert, arctic, ocean, and meadow ecosystems.  But probably the most complex and vast ecosystem on land is the ecosystem of the tropical rainforest.  Tropical rainforests are the homes to more than one half of the world’s species of plants and animals.  The destruction of tropical rainforests leads to the destruction of species of plants and animals, some being essential to modern human life. 
2.5 acres of tropical rainforest may support two hundred different kinds of trees; it may also house hundreds of kinds of ferns, vines, shrubs, and fungi.   That same amount of land may house
thousands of species of animals including monkeys, exotic birds, butterflies, beetles, frogs, bats, and cats (Nations, 13).  Rainforests are dark, steamy, and mysterious places filled with many fascinating plants and animals.  They are also home to some of the oldest and most interesting societies on earth, like the pigmies in Africa, Indian hunters in South America, and some isolated tribesmen in Borneo (Nations, 13).  For more than 60 million years, rainforests have preserved ancient forms of life and served as a continual source of new species of plants and animals. 
Not all tropical rainforests are the same.  Some receive more rain fall than others, between 160 inches per year and 1 meter per year.  The forests with more rain are known as equatorial evergreen forests, and appear in
South America, West Africa, and Asia.  The drier of the two are called tropical moist forests or semi-deciduous tropical forests and are located further away from the equator.   




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Reasons for the Problem
Over hundreds of years, the need for wood and land has increased with the growing population of the Earth.  One hundred years from now, the decades we are living in may become known as the brief period in history when one-fourth of the earth’s plant and animal species were wiped out (Nations, 91).  Today, people are eliminating plants and animals at the rate of more than a thousand species per year. 
Why are these species being destroyed in such mass amounts?  The simple answer to that question is destruction of habitat.  Another word for this is deforestation, the clearing and burning of the worlds forests.  With increasing population, the need for wood, roads, and land has increased.  Millionaires want a tropical island paradise to get away to for about one weekend a year.  The don’t realize that in the land that they will build their 85,000 square foot vacation home may already be home to many species of plants and animals, maybe even to the cure for cancer, or Ebola.  The same millionaire may want his or her mansion to look more tropical, so they chop down the surrounding rainforest and add a rock pool and use the wood to keep their 12 fireplaces running.  This may be an exaggeration but the basics are factual.  Nobody knows what medicines or species live in the rainforests and unfortunately no one may ever find out. 
There is no stopping the increase in world population or these peoples need for land and wood, but I think that the preservation of plants and animals that will never be on this planet ever again should be more important than having 3 homes.  By preserving rainforests we may even be able to preserve people’s lives by finding cures to deadly diseases such as heart disease, and cancer. 



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Current Status
The situations of rainforest deforestation are more and more becoming aware to everyday people.  There are adopt and acre funds where an acre of rainforest is saved and you make a donation to help preserve more of them.  There are also wrist bands that profit rainforest preservation. 
Although rainforests are being destroyed, at least people are becoming more aware of what is being destroyed. 
People are starting to realize that rainforests hold many things that help humans function, like coffee, rice, medicines that treat inflammation and induce vomiting, and many fruits. 
Today less that one fourth of the original rainforests are still alive.   They, in my opinion, are in fact alive in the ways that they are entirely made up of living things.  Rainforests are located in eighty-five countries around the world, but ninety percent of them are condensed into fifteen countries.  They cover only six percent of the globe, but hold more than half of the world’s plant and animal species and eighty percent of the world’s vegetation.  Rainforests are often destroyed so that cattle can graze.  As the cattle chew the grass, their hooves stomp on the land and wipe out the last o the possible vegetation, making the land not even suitable for grazing cattle.  This process has destroyed more than one half of the 130,000 square miles of Central American forests. 
Not all of the world’s tropical rainforests are doomed to be destroyed.  In fact some rainforests around the world aren’t even in danger, yet.  Every few seconds, eight acres of tropical rainforests are burned and bulldozed out of existence, these eight acres served as the home to hundreds of living species, and some to the entire species.  Therefore in those few seconds an entire species may become extinct. 



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Analysis
As tropical rainforests are destroyed, many other things are destructed as well.   Drugs made from plants from the rainforests treat: malaria, headaches, and convulsions; there are hopes to find cures for cancer and heart disease in the rainforests as well.  Coffee beans, Brazil nuts, vanilla, cinnamon, rice, corn, sweet potatoes, manioc (tapioca), sugarcane, bananas, oranges, mung beans, guavas, mangoes, papaya, pineapple, peanuts, cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, and pigeon peas are just a few of the plants found in the rainforest that are used in modern human life.  If the rainforests are destroyed completely, people could try to recreate these fruits and spices, but they could never get the real thing.  That would mean millions of future generations would never taste real vanilla or bite into a real slice of mango.  Products of the rainforest are not only fruits and beans, but they are also ingredients in shampoos, waxes, and steroids.
By cutting down rainforests in bulk, it causes heavy rains and floods.  When the rainforest is standing, the canopy absorbs most of the rainfall, and the rest trickles down to the other levels, finally leaving a small portion of that rain for the ground.  With no trees, the water would go directly to the ground and erode it horribly.  That amount of rain would make the seasons horribly different, the rainy seasons would be terribly flooded and the dry seasons would just be months of heavy droughts. 
If the rainforests are destroyed and they did hold cures for cancer and/or heart disease, we would never know.  Even if there is one flower that held the cure, I’m sure that scientists could reproduce it so that they could make enough to cure everyone who has and will have cancer or heart disease.   




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Reasonable Solution/How to Solve the Problem
The problem of rainforest deforestation will never be completely solved.  Earth’s population will always be growing and expanding over all of the land on our planet.  Since the population has rapidly been growing faster and faster in the last few years, we need more houses, and more farmland; there is no stopping the need for these things.  A solution would be to build buildings where there are natural sunlight simulators and grow crops there.  The buildings could be like multiple story green houses.  By doing this, land would be saved and used for houses, and crops could be grown in other countries, therefore saving money instead of shipping them from country to country. 
Another way to solve the problem is to make deforestation illegal, except for extremely necessary reasons.  Some of these reasons could be fire hazards, or if a disease came up in an area and it needed to be burned to rid of the disease.  Other than these reasons, there is no truly good reason to cut down rainforests.  If people need homes that bad, they can build high rises and live in them.  When rainforests are destroyed, it is not only plants and animals that are destroyed; people live in rainforests as well.  Tribes such and the pigmies in
Africa, Indian hunters in South America, and some isolated tribesmen in Borneo.  These tribes have learned to live off of the rainforest and its products.  If more modernized people on earth could learn that they don’t need their Porsches and their Ferraris then maybe they could use the space that they use for their three story garage and sell the land so that houses could be made and people don’t have to move into the former rainforest territory.  




~ Prediction- Future Outcome
If this problem is not solved, there soon will be very little to no rainforests on the earth and its products could never be found again.  The cure for cancer or heart disease could be lost forever without ever being found.  Since most of the diseases in third world countries came from within the rainforest, either transferred by bites of animals or bad water and or food, it would only make sense that the cure would also be hidden in he rainforest. 
If new cures for diseases are found in the future, no one would ever have to worry about that disease again.  Since it would be mostly natural, it wouldn’t have had to mostly be made in a lab, and therefore it would hopefully be inexpensive and given to not just middle class people but also people living in third world countries who are often neglected when diseases are being treated. 
If the forests are preserved thousands of species of plants and animals will be preserved along with them.  Cultures of Indian tribes that have been around for hundreds of years could be preserved as well.  The list of things in the rainforest that we do not know yet is endless and will probably stay that way because they are so large and filled with plants and animals. 
In total when people destroy rainforests, they also destroy species of plants and animals that will never be seen again.  Everyone should at least learn about what they destroying before the next time they take their fruits, or any other product of the rainforest, for granted. 



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Works Cited

Attenbourg, David the Living Planet: Jungle
New York: Ambrose Video Publishing Inc, 1984

Doggett, Scott.  “Birds Verses Buzz Saws in Jungle Joust.” Los Angeles Times
21 September 2004.  2 March 2005
<http://192.168.10.3:15871/cgi-bin/blockpage.cgi?ws-session=1224802264>

Nations, James D.  Tropical Rainforests: 1988

Pepper, Obie. “Remote Sensing of the Rainforest.” 11 December 2002.  2 March 2005 <http://emporia.edu/earthsci/student/peper1/rainradar.htm>

Quammen, David.
  “The Green Abyss.”  National Geographic March 2001: pg. #38-83

"The Rainforest Site." About our Projects . . . 24 March 2005 <http://www.therainforestsite.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/CTDSites.woa/58/wo/L45000ST600VM000D6/2.0.45.1.3.0.1.0.25.0.CustomContentLinkDisplayComponent.0.0>

Sunn, Bloyd.
  Endangered Species.  San Diego: 1989

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