Chapter 29 Section 2 review

1.  
1. Women’s war- In West Africa, women had traditionally controlled the marketplaces and farmland. In 1920, they denounced British policies that threatened their rights. The protest soon became a fool-fledged revolt. The women mocked British troops with Machetes and sticks, but were eventually killed.
2. An artistic movement used by French-speaking writers in West Africa and the Caribbean to awaken self confidence among Africans
3. Leopold Senghor-A Senegalese poet who celebrated Africa’s rich cultural heritage. He Fostered African pride by rejecting the negative views of Africa spread by colonial rulers.
4. Ataturk- The name given to Mustafa Kemal, meaning “father of the Turks.” Led by him, Turkish Nationalists overthrew the sultan, defeated western occupation forces, and declared Turkey a republic.
5. Reza Khan- An ambitious army officer who overthrew the Shah of Iran. He set up his own Pahlavi dynasty, with himself as shah.
6. Pan-Arabism- A nationalist movement built on the shared heritage of Arabs who lived in lands from the Arabian Peninsula through North Africa. It emphasized their common history and language and recalled the golden age of Arab civilization.
7. Balfour declaration- A declaration issued by the British to win support of European Jews. In it, Britain supported the idea of setting up “a national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine.
2. Apartheid- A system of racial segregation that was imposed by the whites in South Africa. Their goal was to ensure white economic power over the blacks.
3.  
1. Africans resented colonial rule because White settlers forced Africans off the best land, and forbid them from growing the most profitable crops. Also, they were forced to work on plantations or in mines.
2. Pan Africanism was an expression of African Nationalism because it demanded an end to colonial rule, and tried to forge a united front.
4.  
1. Turkey and Iran sought to modernize by replacing Islamic law with a new law code based on European models, changing to the western calendar, and by forcing the people to wear western dress.
2. Nationalism provided the motive to modernize. If Turkey and Iran had not modernized, they would not have been able to be united well enough to overthrow outside influence.
5.  
1. Arabs resented the mandate system because during World War I, they had helped the allies against the central powers, and had been promised independence in return. However, instead mandates were given to foreign countries and outside influence.
2. Palestine became a center of conflict because the allies had promised the Arabs their won kingdoms in Palestine, and then issued the Balfour declaration to win support of the Jews. Both people were promised rule over the same place.
6. Leaders in Iran and Turkey westernized their countries using western models to allow them to be seen on equal terms with the west. They believed that if they modernized, they would be seen as a country that deserved to rule itself by the British and other western powers.