Chapter 28 Study Guide

 

 

CH. 28

Soviet- Thus is a council of workers and soldiers. These were set up in Petrograd and other cities.

 

Command economy- This is where the government officials made all basic economic decisions. Under Stalin the government controlled every part of the country including businesses.

 

Collective- These were large farms that were owned and operated by peasants as a group. Stalin had forced peasants to give u their private plots and live on either state owned farms or these collectives.

 

Kulak- Stalin sought to destroy these. They were wealthy peasants. The government took away their land and sent them to labor camps.

 

Totalitarian state- Under Stalin’s rule the Soviet Union was turned into a totalitarian state. In this form of government, a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens.

 

Socialist realism- Stalin forced artists and writers to conform to this style. Its goal was to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light.

 

Lenin- His real name was Vladimi Ilyich Ulyanov. His brother was killed for plotting to kill Alexander III. His execution instilled in him a hatred for czarist government. He spread Marxist idead throughout his lifetime and later came to power in the Soviet Union.

 

Osip Mandelstam- He was a Jewish poet and he was imprisoned, tortured, and exiled for composing a satirical verse about Stalin. He later wrote “Ode to Stalin” out of fear for his wifes life.

 

Nicholas II- Czar of Russian but was later executed by the Bolsheviks. He was a weak leader and relied on his secret police to get information for him.

 

Gregory Rasputin- He was an illiterate Siberian peasant and was not actually a monk in the Russian Orthodox Church. He was very worldy but Czar Nicolas II’s wife thought him to be a man of God. She believed that he saved her son many times.

 

Joseph Stalin- He gained power when Lenin died. He and Trotsky competed for power and he won. He studied for priesthood but his growing interest in revolution brought him under the seminaries harsh discipline.

 

Stalin's 5 Year Plan- Once in power Stalin created this plan. This plan was meant to turn the Soviet Union into a modern industrial power. He aimed at nuilding heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output.

 

Socialist realism- Stalin forced artists and writers to conform to this style. Its goal was to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light.

 

Totalitarian state- Under Stalin’s rule the Soviet Union was turned into a totalitarian state. In this form of government, a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens.

 

Anna Akhmatova- She was one of Russia’s greatest poets and she fell out of favor because her poetry did not stress communist ideas. Although she could not publish her works friend memorized them so that they could be preserved for future generations.

 

V.I. Lenin- His real name was Vladimi Ilyich Ulyanov. His brother was killed for plotting to kill Alexander III. His execution instilled in him a hatred for czarist government. He spread Marxist idead throughout his lifetime and later came to power in the Soviet Union.

 

Mikhail Sholokhov- He wrote And Quite Flows the Don and this passes the censorship. The novel tells the story of a man who spends years fighting in World War I. Sholokhov later became one of the few Soviet writers to win the Nobel Prize for literature.

 

Joseph Stalin- He gained power when Lenin died. He and Trotsky competed for power and he won. He studied for priesthood but his growing interest in revolution brought him under the seminaries harsh discipline.

 

Leon Trotsky- After Lenin’s death Trotsky and Stalin both competed for power. Leon was a brilliant Marxist thinker, skillful speaker, and an architect of the Bolshvik revolution.

 

Socialist revolution- The socialist revolution was when Lenin and the Bolsheviks killed Czar Nicolas II and took over the country. They were not happy with how toe government was being run so they too over and started a new one.

 

Bolshevik Revolution- The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, overthrew the palace and then quickly seized power in other cities. They had a plan to occupy Russia and build up a proletarian socialist state.

 

Lenin's New Economic Policy-  He helped the Soviet Union to develop a command economy. With this economic policy the government offcials made all basic economic decicions.

 

Stalin- He gained power when Lenin died. He and Trotsky competed for power and he won. He studied for priesthood but his growing interest in revolution brought him under the seminaries harsh discipline.

 

Stalin's 5 Year Plan- Once in power Stalin created this plan. This plan was meant to turn the Soviet Union into a modern industrial power. He aimed at nuilding heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output.

 

The arts under Stalin- Under Stalin socialist realism was forced on the artist and writers. With this the art  was meant to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light just like propaganda.

 

List three causes of the 1917 revolution in Russia-

1)      The dislike of Czar Nicolas II and his poor ruling

1)      The Bolsheviks and their revolution which forced the revolution on Russia

2)      World War I caused financial and social unrest in the USSR