Megan Mallory

World History E-Core

Mr. Haskell

23 September 2004

Section 4 Review

1. Identify
1. Socrates - was a Greek philosopher who questioned fellow citizens about their beliefs and ideas. He was put to death because other Athenians thought that he was corrupting the city’s youth and failing to respect the gods.
2. Aristotle - Plato’s most famous student who developed his own ideas about the best form of government. He promoted reason as the guiding force for learning. 
3. Parthenon - this was the famous Greek temple dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena. The builders wanted to express a sense of perfection in its balance to reflect the harmony and order of the universe.
4. Aeschylus - One of the three greatest Athenian playwrights. This play portrayed the Trojan Wars in the Oresteia.
5. Sophocles - A character conveyed in the playwright, Antigone. They explored what happens when an individual’s moral duty conflicts with the laws of the state. 
6. Euripides - Another character described in the playwright Antigone. His experience in the Peloponnesian war led him to question accepted ideas.
7. Herodotus - Wrote comedy playwrights and they reflected his views. His plays were written about how war was a clear moral victory of Greek love of freedom over tyranny.
8. Thucydides - He too wrote comedies, but his were about the Peloponnesian war. Although he was Athenian, he tried to be fair to both sides.
2. Define
1. Rhetoric - the art of skillful speaking.
2. Tragedy - plays that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster.
3. Comedy - humorous plays that mocked people or customs.
3. What standards of beauty did Greek artists follow?
1. They emphasized natural poses, such as athletics in motion. They carved gods, goddesses, athletes, and famous men in a way that showed individuals in their most perfect form.
4. How were Greek plays performed? What themes did Greek playwrights explore?
1. Greek plays were formed out of religious festivals, especially those held in Athens to honor Dionysus. Greek plays were often based on popular myths and legend.
5. Why did Plato reject democracy as a form of government? Describe the ideal government set forth in Plato’s Republic.
1. He rejected democracy because it had killed Socrates. He valued a government where it was divided into 3 classes.
6. Critical Thinking
1. “There is fighting and arguing among the gods. There are some who are good, and some who are evil.”
2. If there are some who are evil, than how can you love them all?
3. He challenges people to think in different ways than normal.