| name |
chemistry |
properties |
distribution |
axc |
functions |
deficiency |
requirments |
| Pyridoxine (vit B6) |
pyridoxal ,pyridoxone ,pyridoxamine ,most active is pyridoxal phosphate |
*sol/water and alc *destroyed by light *stable
to heat *pyr.p act as coenz |
Royal jelly of bees is very rich in Vit B6
,wheat ,corn ,egg ,liver |
in urine as pyridoxal and pyridoxamine (small) but major as
4-pyridoxic acid |
1-act as coenz for large no of enz involving AA :a) Transamination (most important (trans
of amino gp from AA to form new AA (pyr.p > pyridoxamine.p w catalyse conversion of oxaloacetic a
>Aspartic a &pyruvic
a > Alanine (ALT &AST important for detn of
liver & heart infection 2-Deamination : serine > pyruvic a > Kreb's cycle > energy & threonine>
propionic a >propionyl COA >malonyl COA >
isomerise to succinyl COA 3-Decarboxylation :a)glutamic a > -amino butyric a
> prevent convulsion
b)formn of adrenaline and NA from dioxyphenyl alanine >Dopamine >NA >Adrenaline c)a-amino-ketoadipic a > -amino levulonic a >w give porphyrins >eg HB 4- Trans sulfuration :formn of
new AA methionine (by cystathionine synthetase) >Homocysteine > condens e serine > cystathionine >hyd
((cystathionase +pyr.p) > cysteine + Homoserine 5-Desulfuration : cysteine
(pyr.p ,-H2S) >pyruvic a + NH3 6-help in formn of nicotinic a from tryp. by
activating Kynureninase
enz |
1-impaired growth
due to (-) syn of new AA req 2-Anemia due to (-) syn of HB 3-Convulsions due to (-) conc of
-amino butyric a in brain 4-pellagra (-)metab of tryp > (-) N.acid metab 5-Nausia & vomiting due to (-) metab
of AA 6-in rat :dermatitis causes of deficiency : 1-women e oral contraceptive 2- alcoholism 3-pregmancy
due to + demand of vit by foetus 4-tuberculous patients take high dose of isoniazide ,combine e pyridoxine
form hydrazone >inactive vitamin (vit not abs from GIT so vit taken IM) |
2mg/day increase in hgh protein diet as it is used in metab of AA
2- in infants |
| Pantothenic acid |
from reaction of B-alanine (derived from Aspartic a) and
a, -dihydroxy dimethyl butyric acid (from valine) by peptide
linkage |
sol/water ,*destroyed
by a ,alkali and heat ,activity of COA due to free SH gp at its end so it is usu
written as coASH |
Royal jelly of bees ,liver
,egg ,yeast ,wheat ,rice |
in urine but small
amouts are exc in milk and
sweat. |
a component of coenz (coASH) :enter into reaction in metab .1-formn of -amino levulonic a > HB 2-a-ketoglutaric a > syn of succinyl coA >HB 3-essential for metab of fats > formn of ketone bodies ,FA ,cholesterol ,4-pyruvic a >acetyl coA
>ph.action 5-detoxification of sulfonamides |
no deficiency in human as it alredy formed in intestinal mucosa
, but if patient take antibiotic
. Make destruction of cells >(-) syn |
5-12 mg/2500 calories |
| Biotin |
in nature in combination e lycine form
biocytin w is active and
act as coenz |
*sol/ hotwater and dil alkali |
in almost all foods asp liver ,egg ,milk
,yeast ,royal jelly ,in man syn from intestinal
bacteria |
in urine and stool |
coenz catalyze
incorporation of CO2 into metabolites I.e enz
involved in carboxylation reaction 1- syn of new AA
carboxylation reaction of acetyl coA to malonyl coA
involve 3 distinct proteins : a biotin carboxylase ,BCCP, transecarboxylase and it is ATP dependent 2-detoxificaton of cooH gp by biotin carboxylase > then ornithine
transcarboxylase > citralline formn of urea >exc in urine (detox of urea) |
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