| vitamin |
chemistry |
properties |
distribution |
function |
deficiency |
requirments |
| Folic acid (folacine) |
pterin ring |
*itselg inactive
>transform to active form by reduction by vit c
to THFA in liver ,*dihydrofolate
reductase is competitvely inhibited by methotrexate (anticancer drug) ,sulfonamide and derivates structure
analogue of PABA |
|
1-THF coenz for transfere of single C unit as formyl CHO ,formate HCOOH ,methyl CH3 and hydroxymethyl gp CH2OH *folic acid converted to coenz form by redn NADPH to dihydrofolate then to
THF ,distribution of 4 H in 5,6,7,8, tetrahydropteridine or FH4 |
1-megaloblastic
anemia ,(-) syn of purine and thymidine >(-) DNA (_) RBCs 2-Macrocytic anemia + size and (-) no of
RBCs 3-Leucopenia :(-) in
WBCs (so if WBCs <4000 >can not take anticancer drug but take drug + WBCs first |
formed by bact in large intestine but + req in
case of 1-lactating and pregnant
woman 2-alcoholism ,and it
is adm orally or IM |
| vit B12 (cyanocoblamine) |
4 pyrrole rings (porphyrin ring) attached
together by methylene bridge except no 1 ,4 attached directly |
*main form is cyanocopolamine *abs from ileum ,vit B12 bind to
glycoprotein called intrinsic factor in intestine > complex travel to receptors in mucosal cells
of ileum |
milk ,egg .liver |
*nu acid & nucleoprotein syn >help folic acid action *isomerization of methyl malonyl CoA >succinyl CoA >syn of HB (anti
pernicous anemia) *methylation |
take several years
as sig amount stored in body (4-5 mg)Pernicous
anemia due to partial or total gastectomy or (-)
intrinsic factor |
0.6-1.2 microgram /day |
| Lipoic acid |
|
*S containing vitamin |
yeast & liver |
metab and give energy through formn of Acetyl
CoA (from pyruv a) & Succinyl Coa (a-keto) >HB formn (act as a carreier of acyl gp) |
no deficiency |
|
| Inositol |
|
*sugar alc derived from glucose *it can be attached to po4 gp *it present mainly
in muscles ,brain ,erythrocytes and tissues of eye |
fruits ,veg ,grains ,nuts ,milk ,yeast |
1-lipotropic factor =prevent
accum of fat in liver (fatty liver ) as it is member
of PL (inositides) ,some inositides contain
additional Po4 gp (1-3) attached to inositol =phosphoinosotides |
|
|
| choline |
|
*not true vit *it contain 3 methyl gps so it is methyl donar > prevent formn of lipid
in liver . *e acetyl gp > acetyl coA >very
active >necrosis of liver cellsit is changed first to betaine aldhyde
then to betaine |
meats ,egg yolk ,bread ,beans |
member of lipotropic factor >enter formation of lecithins
,plasmalogens and sphinomyelins ,2-precursor of acetyl choline |
1-human alcoholic cirrosis of the liver due to (-) in lipotropic factor w is choline and methionine
2-(-) immunoglobulins formation |
400-900mg/day |
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